Using simulation and electronic health records to train nursing students in prevention and health promotion interventions.

BACKGROUND: Prevention and health promotion activities are key to reducing prevalence and halting the progress of many chronic diseases. Standardised patient simulation is a useful option for training nursing students in this area. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate skills related to prevention and health promotion activities acquired by third-year nursing students through standardised patient simulation and electronic health records. DESIGN: A descriptive, cross-sectional study. SETTINGS: A nursing faculty at a public university. PARTICIPANTS: The study population consisted of all third-year nursing students in the academic year 2017-2018 (N = 142). METHODS: The students attended three seminars on health promotion and prevention activities in adults, involving standardised patient simulation and electronic health record use. Skill acquisition was then evaluated through clinical case simulation in a fourth seminar. RESULTS: A total of 137 (96.5%) students participated in the study. The mean score for all cases evaluated was 6.76 (standard deviation 1.85) out of 10. The most frequent activities were greeting and self-introduction, checking vaccination status, assessing physical exercise and eating habits, and calculating body mass index. The least frequent activities were questions about high-risk sexual behaviour, drug use, bowel cancer screening and sun protection recommendations. When writing the nursing report, students found it hardest to plan future patient interventions. Also, 108 students made notes to set reminders of case-related activities. CONCLUSIONS: Third-year nursing students acquire good skills in health promotion and prevention activities. Some activities requiring a greater degree of confidence with the patient need to be reinforced, such as investigating high-risk sexual behaviour and drug use. Reinforcement is also needed in activities that are encountered less often in clinical practice, such as sun protection recommendations and bowel cancer screening. The use of electronic health records in conjunction with simulation enhances self-study.

[Sexual transmission infections]. / Infecciones de transmisión sexual. Existencia de una red comunitaria.

The infections of sexual transmission (STI) have a great importance on the health of the world population. Especially its incidence, prevalence and consequence on the health. Sexually transmitted diseases may be contracted by people of any age, race and social standing. More than 20 different diseases are known as STI, they have all in common that they are transmitted during the sexual intercourse. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that each year there are 340 million new cases of STIs among the ages of 15 and 49 years. STI must be diagnosed and treated early in order to avoid its propagation. The sexual education is the fundamental tool of the prevention of STI.

Infecciones de transmisión sexual. Existencia de una red comunitaria / Sexual transmission infections

Las infecciones de transmisión sexual (ITS) tienen una gran importancia sobre la salud de la población mundial, por su incidencia, prevalencia y repercusiones. Pueden contraerse por personas de cualquier edad, raza y medio social. Con este nombre se han agrupado más de 20 entidades patógenas diferentes que sólo tienen en común el hecho de poder transmitirse durante las relaciones sexuales. La Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) estima que cada año se producen 340 millones de casos nuevos de ITS entre las edades comprendidas de los 15 y 49 años. Las ITS se deben diagnosticar y tratar con prontitud, para erradicar su propagación y evitar complicaciones y secuelas. La prevención supone la herramienta fundamental y la metodología por excelencia es la educación sexual(AU)

The infections of sexual transmission (STI) have a great importance on the health of the world population. Especially its incidence, prevalence and consequence on the health. Sexually transmitted diseases may be contracted by people of any age, race and social standing. More than 20 different diseases are known as STI, they have all in common that they are transmitted during the sexual intercourse. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that each year there are 340 million new cases of STIs among the ages of 15 and 49 years. STI must be diagnosed and treated early in order to avoid its propagation. The sexual education is the fundamental tool of the prevention of STI(AU)

Percepción del riesgo de contraer una enfermedad de transmisión sexual en población joven / Perception of the risk of adquire a sexually transmitted disease in a young population

Objetivo: Conocer la percepción del riesgo de contraer una enfermedad de transmisión sexual (ETS) en jóvenes de 15–21 años y sus actitudes y sus conductas para adoptar medidas protectoras en las relaciones sexuales. Diseño: Estudio cualitativo de tipo socio constructivista realizado entre 2006–2008.EmplazamientoDos centros de atención primaria de la ciudad de Girona. Participantes: Treinta y cuatro jóvenes seleccionados de listados proporcionados por médicos e informantes clave. Métodos: Muestreo teórico a partir de diferentes perfiles diseñados. Los datos se obtuvieron y se saturaron con la realización de 5 entrevistas grupales. Se realizó un análisis de contenido categorial temático del corpus narrativo. Resultados: Tienen conocimientos parciales sobre sida y escasos sobre otras ETS. El riesgo de embarazo es lo que más influye en la adopción de conductas protectoras. A pesar del buen acceso y el conocimiento del preservativo, en algunos casos no lo usan ni en parejas estables, ni en parejas esporádicas con diferentes justificaciones para realizar estas conductas de riesgo. Tienen muy poco contacto con los servicios sanitarios, la mayoría de las veces para pedir la anticoncepción de emergencia. Conclusiones_ Las estrategias sanitarias deberían encaminarse al acercamiento a los adolescentes de acuerdo con lo que necesitan de los servicios sanitarios en relación con la salud sexual en un contexto diferente del centro de salud. La información debería centrarse en combatir creencias erróneas, como que el sida es una enfermedad de “otros” y no “nuestra”, y focalizar estas actuaciones no sólo en mejorar conocimientos y actitudes, sino en cambios de conducta (AU)

Objective: To find out the perception of the risk of adquire a sexually transmitted disease (STD) in young people (15–21 years), and their attitudes and behaviour to adopt protective measures in sexual relationships. Design: Socio-constructive qualitative study performed between the years 2006 and 2008SettingTwo Primary Care Centres in the city of Girona. Participants: A total of 34 young people selected from lists provided by doctors and key informers. Methods: Theoretical sample from different designed profiles. The data was obtained and saturated by performing 5 group interviews. A thematic content analysis of the narrative data was made of the categorical subject. Results: They had partial knowledge on AIDS and very little on other STD. The risk of pregnancy has the most influence on adopting protective measures. Despite easy access and knowledge of condoms, in some cases they are not used either in stable relationships or in sporadic ones, with different reasons for having this risk behaviour. They have limited contact with the health services, and when they do it is mainly to ask for emergency contraception. Conclusions: Health strategies should be directed towards adolescents, taking into account what they need from the health services as regards sexual health, in a different context from the health centre. Information should be focused on combating erroneous beliefs, such as AIDS is a disease of “others” and not “ours”, and address these actions, not only to improve knowledge and attitudes but also changes in behavior (AU)

[Perception of the risk to adquire a sexually transmitted disease in a young population]. / Percepción del riesgo de contraer una enfermedad de transmisión sexual en población joven.

OBJECTIVE: To find out the perception of the risk of adquire a sexually transmitted disease (STD) in young people (15-21 years), and their attitudes and behaviour to adopt protective measures in sexual relationships. DESIGN: Socioconstructive qualitative study performed between the years 2006 and 2008 SETTING: Two Primary Care Centres in the city of Girona. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 34 young people selected from lists provided by doctors and key informers. METHODS: Theoretical sample from different designed profiles. The data was obtained and saturated by performing 5 group interviews. A thematic content analysis of the narrative data was made of the categorical subject. RESULTS: They had partial knowledge on AIDS and very little on other STD. The risk of pregnancy has the most influence on adopting protective measures. Despite easy access and knowledge of condoms, in some cases they are not used either in stable relationships or in sporadic ones, with different reasons for having this risk behaviour. They have limited contact with the health services, and when they do it is mainly to ask for emergency contraception. CONCLUSIONS: Health strategies should be directed towards adolescents, taking into account what they need from the health services as regards sexual health, in a different context from the health centre. Information should be focused on combating erroneous beliefs, such as AIDS is a disease of "others" and not "ours", and address these actions, not only to improve knowledge and attitudes but also changes in behaviour.