ABSTRACT
AIM: To determine the prevalence of oral malodour in Indian children and also to assess the relationship of oral malodour with oral hygiene, gingival health, dental caries, tongue coating, mouth breathing and frequency of tooth brushing. METHOD: A total number of 900 school children (7-15 years) were included in the study. Children were assessed for the oral malodour, oral hygiene, gingival health, dental caries, tongue coating, mouth breathing and frequency of tooth brushing. RESULTS: The prevalence of oral malodour in Davangere school children was found to be 40.9%. Oral malodour was significantly (p < 0.001) associated with age, mouth breathing, tongue coating, oral hygiene status, gingival status and tooth brushing frequency. Oral malodour was not significantly correlated with gender and caries status. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of malodour in the population studied was 40.9% and oral health status and oral malodour were associated with one another. The prevalence of oral malodour was considerably high and should not be neglected in children.
Subject(s)
Halitosis/epidemiology , Oral Health/statistics & numerical data , Adolescent , Age Factors , Child , DMF Index , Dental Caries/epidemiology , Female , Humans , India/epidemiology , Male , Mouth Breathing/epidemiology , Oral Hygiene Index , Periodontal Index , Prevalence , Tongue/pathology , Toothbrushing/statistics & numerical dataABSTRACT
AIM: To evaluate the tooth brushing skills in children aged between 6 and 12 years and its relation with age, type of grip used, duration of brushing and gender. METHOD: A total of 105 children aged between 6 and 12 years were divided into seven groups and their plaque scores, type of grip used and duration of brushing were assessed. RESULTS: The most preferred grip was the distal oblique (58.1 %). Oblique, distal oblique and power grips were more efficient (plaque reduction up to 70 %). Plaque removal efficacy improved with age (57 % in 6-year-olds and 82 % in 12-year-old children). Plaque reduction was greater when the duration of brushing was longer (82 % plaque reduction when the brushing time was >2.5 min). Overall, the mean duration of tooth brushing in children aged 6-12 years was 1.71 min (103 s). CONCLUSIONS: Tooth brushing skills improved with age and the duration of tooth brushing made a significant difference to the oral hygiene status of the child. The type of grip used and gender did not influence tooth brushing ability in this group of children. Tooth brushing skills were low in children younger than 10 years of age. Hence, parental supervision is considered necessary and recommended until 10 years of age.
Subject(s)
Dental Plaque , Toothbrushing , Child , Dental Plaque Index , HumansABSTRACT
Three new eudesmanoids have been isolated from Sphaeranthus indicus and their structures were established as 11alpha,13-dihydro-3alpha,7alpha-dihydroxy-4,5-epoxy-6beta,7-eudesmanolide, 11alpha,13-dihydro-7alpha-acetoxy-3beta-hydroxy-6beta,7-eudesm-4-enolide and 3-keto-beta-eudesmol by comparison of spectral data with those of other 7alpha-hydroxyeudesmanolides.
Subject(s)
Asteraceae , Naphthalenes/chemistry , Plants, Medicinal/chemistry , Sesquiterpenes, Eudesmane , Sesquiterpenes/chemistry , Humans , Plant Extracts/chemistryABSTRACT
A new germacranolide has been isolated from the aerial parts of Artemisia pallens and the structure was established as 4,5 beta-epoxy-10 beta-hydroxy-1-en-3-one-trans-germacran-6 alpha,12-olide (1) by comparison with its 10 alpha-epimer isolated from the same plant.
