ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: Pyogenic cerebral ventriculitis (PCV) is a rare infectious entity characterized by a potent inflammatory reaction of the ventricular ependyma, which in most cases leads to death. We aim to present the technical note and protocol, based on our center's 10-year experience of the use of endoscopic ventricular lavage (EVL) in pediatric patients with PCV and ventricular peritoneal shunt. METHODS: For this study, all pediatric patients (<16 years) with VP shunts and PCV who were treated with EVL between January 2012 and January 2022 were included. RESULTS: Thirty-four pediatric patients with ventriculitis were analyzed. The median age was 6 years, with 61.7% being male. Most consultations occurred on Day 2 of symptoms. Fever (38.2%) and altered consciousness (26.5%) were the most common initial symptoms. Early ventriculitis was observed in 67.7% of patients. Pathogen identification in the initial cerebrospinal fluid sample was 70.6%, while samples from ventricular peritoneal shunt yielded 23.53% and catheter culture 79.4%. Gram-positive bacteria, mainly S.epidermidis (44.1%), was the most commonly isolated agent. EVL was performed in 73.5% on the second or third day. Reinfection occurred in 23.5%, and 26.5% of patients died. Concordance analysis showed 85.3% agreement between LP and catheter tip samples. Functionality improved, with 55.88% achieving a Lansky score of 90. Early ventriculitis was associated with better Lansky scores. CONCLUSION: EVL can be a useful tool in the management of PCV in cases with VP shunts. Our study suggests a higher chance of isolating an infection-causing germ in the catheter tip culture specimen compared to the cerebrospinal fluid culture. However, future studies with a larger number of patients, or multicentric studies are required for further analysis.
Subject(s)
Cerebral Ventriculitis , Neuroendoscopy , Therapeutic Irrigation , Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt , Humans , Cerebral Ventriculitis/etiology , Male , Female , Child , Child, Preschool , Infant , Neuroendoscopy/methods , Therapeutic Irrigation/methods , Adolescent , Treatment Outcome , Retrospective Studies , Cerebral Ventricles/surgeryABSTRACT
Introducción: La anorexia nerviosa es un trastorno psiquiátrico de alta prevalencia en mujeres y que comúnmente se inicia en la adolescencia. Esta es definida sobre la base de tres criterios: restricción energética en relación con los requerimientos nutricionales acompañado de bajo peso, el miedo intenso a la ganancia de peso y a la alteración de la percepción de su peso o constitución, según lo descrito por el manual de diagnóstico y estadístico de los desórdenes mentales. Objetivo: Describir la alimentación en adolescentes diagnosticados con anorexia nerviosa. Material y Métodos: Se realizó una revisión narrativa de la literatura de estudios observacionales que informaran sobre características de la dieta en adolescentes diagnosticados con anorexia nerviosa, en un período sin intervención dietoterapéutica. La búsqueda bibliográfica se realizó en la interfaz PubMed de MEDLINE y la interfaz de Web of Science Core Colletion. Se incluyeron artículos en inglés, español y portugués, entre 2010 y 2020. Desarrollo: Algunos estudios analizaron la alimentación de pacientes adolescentes con anorexia nerviosa (AN), demostrando una restricción de la ingesta energética y de ciertos micronutrientes. Por otra parte, estudios han apreciado que la ingesta de proteínas estaba sobre las recomendaciones diarias para el grupo etario. Conclusiones: Esta revisión detectó una restricción energética y una alta ingesta proteica. Por otra parte, la ingesta de lípidos y carbohidratos es inferior en sujetos con AN frente a población sana, aun cuando se mantienen dentro de las recomendaciones diarias para la edad.
Introduction: Anorexia nervosa is a psychiatric disorder of high prevalence in women that commonly begins in adolescence. It is defined on the basis of three criteria: energy restriction in relation to nutritional requirements accompanied by underweight, intense fear of weight gain and altered perception of their weight or constitution, as described by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Objective: To describe feeding in adolescents diagnosed with anorexia nervosa. Material and Methods: A narrative literature review of observational studies reporting dietary characteristics in adolescents diagnosed with anorexia nervosa, in a period without dietary intervention, was conducted. The literature search was conducted in the PubMed interface of MEDLINE and the Web of Science Core Colletion interface. Articles published in English, Spanish and Portuguese, between 2010 and 2020 were included. Development: Some studies analyzed the diet of adolescent patients with anorexia nervosa (AN), showing a restriction of energy intake and certain micronutrients. On the other hand, studies have found that protein intake was above the daily recommendations for the age group. Conclusions: This review detected energy restriction and high protein intake. In contrast, lipid and carbohydrate intake is lower in subjects with AN compared to the healthy population, even though they remain within the daily recommendations for age.
ABSTRACT
En este trabajo se realizó la biodesulfurización de keroseno con células inmovilizadas de Pseudomonas spp. ATCC 39327, en un sistema emulsionado, W/O 30/70 (v/v), con Medio Mínimo de Sales (MMS) como fase dispersa. El sistema de inmovilización consta de dos paneles de 60 tubos cada uno. Los tubos de alta alúmina, tienen 140 mm de largo, 6.6 mm diámetro externo y 3.2 mm de diámetro interno, con una porosidad del 43 porciento y capacidad de retención de 9,5*109 células/g de soporte, colocados dentro de una columna de vidrio enchaquetada, de 80 por 400 mm de zona de reacción, conectada a un tanque de recirculación, y el fluido se mueve con aire a razón de 8.8 pies3/h. Después de 120 horas de proceso a 30 ºC y presión atmosférica se obtuvo una remoción del contenido de azufre de 43 porciento y una pérdida calórica menor del 2 porciento
