Evaluation of USP22 and Ki-67 expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma: An immunohistochemical study.

Background and Aim: USP22 is a positive regulator in tumor growth, its depletion leads to cell cycle arrest at G1 phase. USP22 over expression was positively correlated with proteins involved in proliferation and negatively correlated with tumor suppressor protein tumor supprn. Ki-67 expression is associated with USP22 over expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and also in cervical and prostate cancers. The aim of this study is to evaluate the expression of USP22 and Ki-67 in OSCC by using an immunohistochemical staining procedure. Materials and Methods: Immunohistochemistry was used to determine the expression of USP22 protein in 50 archival tissue blocks of histopathologically diagnosed OSCC and 15 normal oral mucosa tissue blocks. The histopathological correlation of USP22 with Ki-67 was done. Results: Expression of USP22 and Ki-67 was seen in the nuclei of epithelial cells. Statistical analysis of the mean expression of USP22 in OSCC and normal tissue showed a significant difference (P = 0.000000119). A significant difference was also observed in Ki-67 between OSCC and normal tissue (P = 0.00000086). Correlation test showed a weak correlation (R = 0.19) between USP22 and Ki-67 expression of group 1. Similarly, a weak correlation (R = 0.51) was observed in group 2. Conclusion: A statistically significant difference in the expression of USP22 and Ki-67 was observed between normal mucosa and OSCC. It can be used in early diagnosis of OSCC but its use as a prognostic indicator is questionable and should be exemplified with a larger study sample.

Physical torment: A predisposition for diffuse B-cell lymphoma.

Lymphomas of the oral cavity are rare and represent only 3%-5% of all lymphomas. Diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCLs) are a heterogeneous group of tumor and the most common type of all non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHLs). They mostly arise from soft tissue as asymptomatic swelling and involvement of jaw bones is infrequent. We present a case of a 23-year-old patient who developed DLBCL in oral cavity region 4 months after blunt trauma. The patient lacked other physical symptoms at the time of presentation. Histopathology, bone marrow and immunohistochemistry revealed DLBCL. After chemotherapy of eight cycles, swelling was totally reduced and no relapse observed in 10 months' follow-up period. Thus, the present report represents an example of possible rapport between trauma and unresolved soft-tissue swelling which may be caused by NHLs.

Comparsion of staining characteristics of Toto bodies.

Toto bodies are eosinophilic structures that resemble the cells of the superficial cell layer of the oral epithelium. Toto bodies commonly are associated with inflammatory gingival and other mucosal lesions including pyogenic granuloma, irritational fibroma, epulis fissuratum, peripheral giant cell granuloma and inflammatory hyperplastic gingivitis. We evaluated staining characteristics of Toto bodies to establish their origin and to identify their significance in lesions. We investigated pyogenic granuloma, fibroma and leukoplakia with epithelium that exhibited Toto bodies after hematoxylin and eosin (staining. Sections were stained with Alcian blue, periodic acid-Schiff and Ayoub-Shklar stains to evaluate staining intensity and distribution. More Toto bodies were found in pyogenic granuloma than in fibroma and leukoplakia. PAS and Alcian blue staining exhibited mild intensity and did not establish the origin of Toto bodies. High staining intensity and diffuse distribution of stain was observed using Ayoub-Shklar staining, which indicated that Toto bodies originate from keratin.

Comparison of verdeluz orange G and modified Gallego stains.

Tumors of the oral cavity include combinations of hard and soft tissues that may be difficult to identify using routine hematoxylin and eosin (H & E) staining. Although combination stains can demonstrate hard and soft tissues, trichrome stains, such as VanGieson and Masson, cannot differentiate dental hard tissues, such as dentin, cementum and osteoid. Modified Gallegos (MGS) and verdeluz orange G-acid fuchsin (VOF) stains can differentiate components of teeth. We used 10 tissue sections of decalcified bone and 10 pathologic tissue sections that contained different calcified tissues including peripheral ossifying fibroma, odontoma, central ossifying fibroma and cemento-ossifying fibroma. Sections were stained with H & E, VOF or MGS. H and E stained both hard tissues pink. VOF stained bone purple-red, cementum red and collagen blue. MGS stained bone green-blue, cementum red and collagen blue. VOF staining intensity and differentiation was better than MGS staining. VOF staining demonstrated hard tissue components distinctly and exhibited good contrast with the surrounding connective tissue. VOF also is a simple, single step, rapid staining procedure.

Myofibroblasts: Master of disguise.

Myofibroblasts are the unique population of smooth muscle-like fibroblasts. These cells have a role in growth factors secretion, matrix deposition and degradation. Thereby, myofibroblast contributes in both human physiology and pathology. This review explains the myofibroblastic lesions, imperative role of myofibroblasts in organogenesis, repair, regeneration, inflammation and tumorigenesis.

Morphological alterations in the dentition of type I diabetes mellitus patients.

INTRODUCTION: Type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) is an endocrine disorder that occurs commonly in an age group, where the development of primary and permanent dentition takes place. As altered endocrine functions may affect the shape and size of teeth leading to dental anomalies, this study was conducted to look for the occurrence of any dental anomalies in type I DM patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A diabetic camp was conducted at Alur Chandrashekharappa Memorial Hospital, Davangere, where 30 diabetic patients were examined and the impressions of their maxillary and mandibular arches were recorded. Age and sex matched controls were selected randomly, and similar recordings were done. RESULTS: Type I diabetic patients showed statistically significant (P < 0.001) morphological alterations of total number of cusps, including presence of 6(th) cusp in mandibular molars and extra cusps in mandibular premolars. Other alterations such as microdontia, flower shaped mandibular molars, prominent cusp of carabelli, and oblique ridge in maxillary molars were also noted. Severe attrition was found in 11 (36.6%) of the diabetic patients, whereas the control group showed attrition only in 2 (6.8%) patients. CONCLUSION: Remarkable morphological alterations do occur in the dentition of type I DM patients.

Papillary cystadenoma of anterior one-third of the tongue.

Papillary cystadenoma is an unusual benign cystic neoplasm with cystic spaces of diverse sizes and intraluminal papillary projections histologically, which is commonly seen in the lips, cheek and palate. We report a case of papillary cystadenoma in a 40-year-old man on the anterior one-third of the tongue with classical histological features. The paper highlights the rarity of the site of occurrence with emphasis on differential diagnosis and the need for considering papillary cystadenoma when benign cystic lesions are encountered in the anterior one-third of the tongue.

Diagnostic dilemma of a double tooth: a rare case report and review.

Gemination or Schizodontism is a developmental anomaly affecting the tooth shape which is often confused with fusion. It affects primary dentition more often than permanent. It is a rare occurrence in the posterior teeth. Its etiology, pathogenesis, prevalence, differential diagnosis and management are discussed and a rare case of gemination of maxillary premolar is reported here.

Evaluation and correlation of serum lipid profile in oral and gastrointestinal cancer patients.

BACKGROUND: High or low cholesterol levels can be perturbing. High cholesterol levels in the blood are associated with increased risk of coronary heart disease whereas insinuation of decreased cholesterol levels remains imprecise. Present study is to evaluate any relationship between the serum lipid levels and the cancer. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the alteration of serum lipid profiles in untreated mucosal cancer patients. MATERIALS & METHODS: The study sample consisted of thirty subjects (Group I - 10 gastrointestinal cancer patients, Group II - 10 oral cancer patients and Group III - 10 controls). Fasting lipid profile of blood was evaluated using spectrophotometric kits, with CHOD PAP technique. The values obtained were then statistically analyzed using ANOVA and student 't' test. RESULTS: Between Group I and II, Group I comparatively showed more decrease in TC, TG, VLDL and increase in HDL & LDL. P value was significant in only TG. Between Group II and III, TC, HDL and LDL were decreased whereas TG and VLDL were increased in Group II when compared to Group III. TG, LDL, VLDL showed significant p values. Between Group I and III, the variables showed similar results as seen between Group II and III but only LDL showed significant p value. Among the three groups, only LDL showed significant p value (0.048). TC, TG, HDL and VLDL showed non - significant p values. CONCLUSION: Lower levels of lipid should arouse suspicion for cancer and necessary screening should be done. How to cite this article: Srinivas GV, Namala S, Ananthaneni A, Puneeth HK, Devi BS. Evaluation and Correlation of Serum Lipid Profile in Oral and Gastrointestinal Cancer Patients. J Int Oral Health 2013; 5(6):72-7 .