Cardiovascular and respiratory changes in laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

Although laparoscopic cholecystectomy has several advantages over the traditional open cholecystectomy, it may however cause some adverse cardiovascular and respiratory effects associated with intraperitoneal insufflation of CO2. It is, therefore, recommended that appropriate hemodynamic and respiratory monitorings should be used routinely in order to prevent deleterious complications, especially in high risk patients.