Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Show: 20 | 50 | 100
Results 1 - 5 de 5
Filter
Add more filters










Publication year range
1.
São Paulo; s.n; 2018. 131 p. ilus, graf, mapas, tab.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS, Coleciona SUS, Sec. Est. Saúde SP, CONASS, SESSP-CTDPROD, Sec. Est. Saúde SP, SESSP-ACVSES, SESSP-TESESESSP, Sec. Est. Saúde SP | ID: biblio-1086970

ABSTRACT

Criptococose, causada por espécies de Cryptococcus, é micose letal sob a forma de meningoencefalite, com maior incidência entre indivíduos imunocomprometidos, em particular, naqueles com AIDS. Anfotericina B, fármaco tóxico, 5-fluorcitosina e terapias combinadas para criptococose não impedem recidivas e persistência da doença. Novas classes de medicamentos anti-Cryptococcus são necessárias para evitar o desenvolvimento de resistência a esse escasso arsenal terapêutico. A prospecção de O objetivo deste trabalho foi prospectar compostos ativos contra os principais agentes da criptococose para aumentar a gama de opções terapêuticas para essa infecção. Poucos (1,9%) compostos foram ativos contra cepas do complexo C.neoformans/C. gattii em uma coleção de 154 compostos neste estudo. Laevicarpina e poligodial, além de 3 fármacos antimaláricos-cicloguanil, proguanil e clorproguanil foram identificados como ativos in vitro contra C. gattii. Os valores de CE50, obtidos para cicloguanil, clorproguanil foram, respectivamente, 11,33µM e 9,39µM, com MIC e MFC de 32µg/mL. Para proguanil CE50 23,87µM, MIC 16µg/mL e MFC 32µg/mL. Os fármacos apresentaram valores de CC50 > 200µM para cicloguanil e proguanil, e 30,21µM para clorproguanil, demonstrando uma seletividade de >17, >8,37 e 3, respectivamente. O estudo da combinação terapêutica, demonstrou que a combinação dos antimaláricos com os fármacos tradicionais foi indiferente para AmB e 5-Fc, mas sinérgica com FCZ. O mecanismo de ação do proguanil não pode ser determinado segundo a metodologia empregada, redirecionando os estudos para outros caminhos investigativos; no entanto, foi demonstrada alteração de estruturas intracelulares, incluindo mitocôndrias, retículo endoplasmático e membrana plasmática, relacionadas à exposição ao proguanil, estimulando investimento de pesquisa nessa direção. Os ensaios de sobrevida em larvas de Galleria mellonella, de outro modo, indicaram que a eficácia do proguanil in vivo depende da sua associação com fluconazol, não tendo sido demonstrado que a monoterapia seja adequada. (AU)


Cryptococcosis, caused by Cryptococcus species, is a lethal mycoses in the form of meningoencephalitis, with the highest incidence among immunocompromised individuals, particulary those with AIDS. Amphotericin B, toxic drug and with administration associated with adverse effects, besides fluconazole, 5-fluorocytosine and combination therapies for cryptococcosis not prevent recurrence and persistence of the disease. New classes of anti-Cryptococcus drugs are needed to prevent the development of drug resistance to the current therapeutic arsenal. The aim of this work was to prospect active compounds against the main agents of cryptococcosis to increase the range of therapeutic options for this infection. Few (1.9%) compounds were active against C.neoformans/C. gattii complex strains in a collection of 154 compounds in this study. Laevicarpin and polygodial, in addition to 3 antimalarial drugs-cycloguanil, proguanil and chlorproguanil, were active against C. gattii in vitro. The EC50 values for cycloguanil, chlorproguanil were 11.33µM and 9.39µM, respectively, with MIC and MFC of 32µg/mL. For proguanil CE50 value of 23.87µM, MIC16µg/mL and MFC32µg/mL. The drugs showed CC50 values of > 200µM for cycloguanil and proguanil, and 30.21µM for chlorproguanil, with selective index valeus of >17, > 8.37 and 3, respectively. Combination therapy study showed indifference between antimalarials and the traditional drugs amphotericin B and that the combination of biguanide with traditional drugs to be indifferent to AmB and 5-Fc, but synergistic with FCZ. The mechanism of action of proguanil could not be determined according to the applied methodology, redirecting the studies to other investigative paths; however, alterations of intracellular structures, including mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum and plasma membrane, related to the exposition of proguanil, have been shown, stimulating research investment in this direction. Otherwise, survival assay in caterpillar of Galleria mellonella indicated that the in vivo efficacy of proguanil depends on its association with fluconazole, and monotherapy has not been shown to be adequate. (AU)


Subject(s)
Pharmaceutical Preparations , Cryptococcus , Cryptococcosis , Mycoses , Biological Products
2.
PLoS One ; 11(10): e0163919, 2016.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27695080

ABSTRACT

Fungal opportunistic pathogens colonize various environments, from plants and wood to human and animal tissue. Regarding human pathogens, one great challenge during contrasting niche occupation is the adaptation to different conditions, such as temperature, osmolarity, salinity, pressure, oxidative stress and nutritional availability, which may constitute sources of stress that need to be tolerated and overcome. As an opportunistic pathogen, C. neoformans faces exactly these situations during the transition from the environment to the human host, encountering nutritional constraints. Our previous and current research on amino acid biosynthetic pathways indicates that amino acid permeases are regulated by the presence of the amino acids, nitrogen and temperature. Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida albicans have twenty-four and twenty-seven genes encoding amino acid permeases, respectively; conversely, they are scarce in number in Basidiomycetes (C. neoformans, Coprinopsis cinerea and Ustilago maydis), where nine to ten permease genes can be found depending on the species. In this study, we have demonstrated that two amino acid permeases are essential for virulence in C. neoformans. Our data showed that C. neoformans uses two global and redundant amino acid permeases, Aap4 and Aap5 to respond correctly to thermal and oxidative stress. Double deletion of these permeases causes growth arrest in C. neoformans at 37°C and in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. The inability to uptake amino acid at a higher temperature and under oxidative stress also led to virulence attenuation in vivo. Our data showed that thermosensitivity caused by the lack of permeases Aap4 and Aap5 can be remedied by alkaline conditions (higher pH) and salinity. Permeases Aap4 and Aap5 are also required during fluconazole stress and they are the target of the plant secondary metabolite eugenol, a potent antifungal inhibitor that targets amino acid permeases. In summary, our work unravels (i) interesting physiological property of C. neoformans regarding its amino acid uptake system; (ii) an important aspect of virulence, which is the need for amino acid permeases during thermal and oxidative stress resistance and, hence, host invasion and colonization; and (iii) provides a convenient prototype for antifungal development, which are the amino acid permeases Aap4/Aap5 and their inhibitor.


Subject(s)
Amino Acid Transport Systems/metabolism , Cryptococcosis/microbiology , Cryptococcus neoformans/enzymology , Cryptococcus neoformans/pathogenicity , Amino Acid Transport Systems/genetics , Animals , Antifungal Agents/pharmacology , Carbon/metabolism , Cryptococcosis/mortality , Cryptococcus neoformans/drug effects , Cryptococcus neoformans/metabolism , Disease Models, Animal , Fungal Proteins/genetics , Fungal Proteins/metabolism , Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal , Genes, Fungal , Glucose/metabolism , Male , Mice , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Mutation , Nitrogen/metabolism , Oxidative Stress , Phenotype , Substrate Specificity , Temperature , Virulence/genetics
3.
J Med Microbiol ; 61(Pt 7): 1003-1008, 2012 Jul.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22493277

ABSTRACT

The Candida parapsilosis group encompasses three species: C. parapsilosis, Candida orthopsilosis and Candida metapsilosis. These species are phenotypically indistinguishable, and molecular methods are needed for their detection. We analysed 152 unique blood culture isolates of the C. parapsilosis group obtained during 1997-2011. The isolates were screened by PCR amplification of the gene encoding secondary alcohol dehydrogenase, followed by digestion with the restriction enzyme BanI. Isolates with RFLP patterns distinct from those of the C. parapsilosis group were characterized as C. parapsilosis sensu stricto (90.8 %), C. orthopsilosis (8.6 %) and C. metapsilosis (0.6 %). Antifungal susceptibility tests indicated that all isolates were susceptible to itraconazole, amphotericin B and caspofungin. Although C. orthopsilosis and C. metapsilosis isolates were susceptible to fluconazole, higher MICs (≥2 mg l(-1)) were observed for C. orthopsilosis. Three isolates (2.0 %) of C. parapsilosis sensu stricto were resistant to voriconazole. Five C. parapsilosis isolates (3.3 %) were intermediate, and a single isolate (0.7 %) was resistant (MIC 16 mg l(-1)) to fluconazole. These data were confirmed using reference strains. It was observed that C. parapsilosis isolates were less susceptible to all triazoles, and this finding deserves further attention to assess the appearance of cross-resistance phenomena. In conclusion, C. metapsilosis and C. orthopsilosis are involved in a small but significant number of invasive infections in Brazil.


Subject(s)
Antifungal Agents/pharmacology , Candida/classification , Candida/drug effects , Candidemia/epidemiology , Candidemia/microbiology , Brazil , Candida/genetics , Candida/isolation & purification , Genotype , Humans , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Molecular Typing/methods , Mycological Typing Techniques/methods , Mycology/methods , Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length , Prevalence
4.
São Paulo; s.n; 2010. [100] p. ilus, tab, graf.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS, Sec. Est. Saúde SP, SESSP-CTDPROD, Sec. Est. Saúde SP, SESSP-ACVSES, SESSP-TESESESSP, Sec. Est. Saúde SP | ID: lil-580169

ABSTRACT

Este trabalho tem como objetivo contribuir para o conhecimento dos agentes de candidemia menos frequentes, i.e. não-Candida albicans e não-Candida tropicalis, em hospitais do Estado de São Paulo. Cento e sessenta e seis isolados, obtidos entre 2005 a 2008 de onze unidades hospitalares, foram avaliados quanto à frequência de espécies e fenótipos de resistência (CLSI e AFST-EUCAST). A distribuição observada para as espécies foi: Candida parapsilosis (70%). C. glabrata (23%), C. krusei (4%), Pichia anomala (Candida pelliculosa), C. famata, C. lusitaniae, C. kefyr, C. guilliermondii (0,6% cada). Fluconazol (FCZ), itraconazol (ITZ), voriconazol (VCZ) e anfotericina B (AMB) mostraram alta eficácia frente todos os agentes de candidemia avaliados, com exceção de C. krusei, espécie comprovadamente resistente ao FCZ. AMB foi a droga mais ativa, não sendo encontrado nenhum fenótipo de resistência à droga, seguida de FCZe VCZ; a droga menos eficaz foi ITZ. O único isolado de P. anomala (C.pelliculosa) apresentou menor sensibilidade a FCZ e ITZ na metodologia EUCAST. Candida krusei, com comprovada resistência intrínseca ao fluconazol, foi S-DD a ITZ (EUCAST) na maioria dos isolados, mas sensível ao VCZ e à AMB. Resistência a VCZ foi observada com maior freqüência no método EUCAST do que no CLSI, devido aos distintos breakpoints. Resistência cruzada entre azóis foi encontrada neste estudo em cepas de C. glabrata e C. parapsilosis. Estes dados contribuem para a consolidação de banco de dados sobre as espécies causadoras de candidemia e para delineamento e monitoramento do perfil de resistência aos antifúngicos de uso corrente em hospitais brasileiros.


Subject(s)
Antifungal Agents , Candida , Fungi/radiation effects , Blood , Microbial Sensitivity Tests
5.
Acta cir. bras ; 19(6): 637-641, nov.-dez. 2004. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-392762

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Estudar o efeito do decocto 5 por cento de Casearia sylvestris no reparo de defeito femoral preenchido com matriz óssea bovina desvitalizada. Métodos: Vinte e quatro ratos Wistar, machos e adultos foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em dois grupos com 12 animais. Defeitos femorais bilaterais, com 2mm de diâmetro, foram produzidos na diáfise femoral e preenchidos com matriz óssea bovina desvitalizada. O grupo experimento recebeu 1mL de decocto 5 por cento de Casearia sylvestris, por gavagem, durante o período de seguimento; o grupo controle recebeu 1mL de água destilada. Os animais foram sacrificados com 10, 20 ou 30 dias e o tecido ósseo presente na área operatória quantificado. Aplicou-se o teste "t" de Student para comparação das médias de formação óssea obtidas em cada período estudado (10, 20 e 30 dias), em nível de significância de 5 por cento (p < 0,05). Resultados: A neoformação óssea foi menor nos animais do grupo experimento nos seguimentos de 10 (p = 0,0000), 20 (p = 0,0049) e 30 dias (p = 0,0003). Conclusão: O decocto 5 por cento de Casearia silvestris promove atraso na cronologia do processo de reparação óssea em defeitos ósseos preenchidos com matriz óssea bovina desvitalizada, em ratos, na dose e período estudados.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Cattle , Rats , Bone Matrix , Casearia/adverse effects , Femur/surgery , Bone Regeneration , Rats, Wistar
SELECTION OF CITATIONS
SEARCH DETAIL
...