Serum liver enzyme profile in Timor deer (Cervus timorensis) with fascioliasis in Indonesia.

Timor deer (Cervus timorensis) at Surabaya zoo, Indonesia, that were found to be naturally infected with Fasciola, showed elevated level of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Of a total of 75 deer examined, 12 (25%) of the 47 adult deer and 8 (29%) of the 28 juvenile deer were found to be infected with fascioliasis, as evidenced by the shedding of the parasite eggs. The level of ALT, AST and ALP were significantly elevated (p<0.05) in all the infected deer. Only Fasciolainfected deer showed elevated serum liver enzyme. Deer with elevated enzyme level show a trend that positively correspond with higher Egg per gram of feces (EPG). The average size of the parasite eggs at 169.0±11.1 × 96.0±3.5µm, correspond well with that of Fasciola gigantica. No other trematode eggs were observed besides that of F. gigantica. There was no significant difference in the enzyme profile between the two sexes in both the infected and the uninfected group. This is the first report of the elevation of serum liver enzyme in Timor deer that is associated with not only fascioliasis and also correspond positively with the EPG.

Serum liver enzyme profile in Timor deer (Cervus timorensis) with fascioliasis in Indonesia

@#Timor deer (Cervus timorensis) at Surabaya zoo, Indonesia, that were found to be naturally infected with Fasciola, showed elevated level of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Of a total of 75 deer examined, 12 (25%) of the 47 adult deer and 8 (29%) of the 28 juvenile deer were found to be infected with fascioliasis, as evidenced by the shedding of the parasite eggs. The level of ALT, AST and ALP were significantly elevated (p<0.05) in all the infected deer. Only Fasciolainfected deer showed elevated serum liver enzyme. Deer with elevated enzyme level show a trend that positively correspond with higher Egg per gram of feces (EPG). The average size of the parasite eggs at 169.0±11.1 × 96.0±3.5μm, correspond well with that of Fasciola gigantica. No other trematode eggs were observed besides that of F. gigantica. There was no significant difference in the enzyme profile between the two sexes in both the infected and the uninfected group. This is the first report of the elevation of serum liver enzyme in Timor deer that is associated with not only fascioliasis and also correspond positively with the EPG.

Tadpole serum activity (Rana catesbeian a) in caspase-3 as a marker of the role of apoptosis and total cytotoxic T lymphocytes in albino rats' epithelial cells induced by neoplasia.

AIM: This study was conducted to examine the tadpole's serum activity (Rana catesbeiana) in caspase-3 as a marker of the role of apoptosis and total cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) in albino rats' epithelial cells induced by neoplasia. Tadpole serumcontains thyroxine hormone that may cause the metamorphosis process and control cell proliferation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Male rats were induced by 7,12-dimethylbenz (α)anthracene (DMBA) 20 mg/rats twice every week over 5 weeks to stimulate skin neoplasia. Tadpole serum injected intracutaneously after neoplasia is known. The negative control group (C-) was not exposed to DMBA and tadpole serum, while the positive control group (C+) was exposed to DMBA. Treatment groups (T1, T2, and T3) were exposed DMBA and tadpole serum 100%, 75%, and 25%/rat/day, respectively. Samples of skin organ were be made preparations immunohistochemistry interacted with caspase-3 and CTL antibody as the marker. RESULTS: Based on the result, immunohistochemistry from skin neoplasia and given therapy of tadpole serum show that Treatment 1 was the highest caspase-3 and CTL expression. The result of caspase-3 expression in C-, C+, T1, T2, and T3 was 0.00c±0.000, 0.70bc±0.141, 2.00a±0.283, 1.10b±0.424, and 1.15b±0.495, respectively. The result of CTL expression in C-, C+, T1, T2, and T3 was 0.10d±0.200, 1.00c±0.230, 2.10a±0.529, 1.70ab±0.258, and 1.35bc±0.443, respectively. CONCLUSION: It can be concluded from the study that tadpole serum (R. catesbeiana) 100% concentration can increase caspase-3 and total CTL in albino rats' epithelial cells induced by neoplasia.

Effect of PGX, a novel functional fibre supplement, on subjective ratings of appetite in overweight and obese women consuming a 3-day structured, low-calorie diet.

INTRODUCTION: Dietary factors that help control perceived hunger might improve adherence to calorie-reduced diets. OBJECTIVES: The objective of the study was to investigate the effect of supplementing a three-day, low-calorie diet with PolyGlycopleX (PGX), a highly viscous fibre, on subjective ratings of appetite compared with a placebo. METHODS: In a double-blind crossover design with a 3-week washout, 45 women (aged 38±9 years, body mass index 29.9±2.8 kg m(-2)) were randomised to consume a 1000-kcal per day diet for 3 days, supplemented with 5 g of PGX or placebo at each of breakfast, lunch and dinner. Subjective appetite was assessed using 100 mm visual analogue scales that were completed daily before, between and after consumption of meals. RESULTS: Thirty-five women completed the study. Consumption of PGX compared with placebo led to significantly lower mean area under the curve for hunger on day 3 (440.4 versus 375.4; P=0.048), prospective consumption on day 3 (471.0 versus 401.8; P=0.017) and the overall 3-day average (468.6 versus 420.2; P=0.026). More specifically, on day 3 PGX significantly reduced total appetite, hunger, desire to eat and prospective consumption for 2.5 and 4.5 h after lunch and before dinner times, with hunger also being reduced 2.5 h after dinner (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: The results show that adding 5 g of PGX to meals during consumption of a low-calorie diet reduces subjective ratings of prospective consumption and increases the feelings of satiety, especially during afternoon and evening. This highly viscous polysaccharide may be a useful adjunct to weight-loss interventions involving significant caloric reductions.