ABSTRACT
Wastewaters from farm and composting operations are often rich in select nutrients that potentially can be reutilized in crop production. Liners of silverleaf dogwood (Cornus alba L. 'Argenteo-marginata'), common ninebark [Physocarpus opulifolius (L.) Maxim.], and Anthony Waterer spirea (Spiraeaxbumalda Burvénich 'Anthony Waterer') were grown in 6L containers filled with a bark-based commercial mix. Plants were fertigated daily via a computer-controlled multi-fertilizer injector with three recirculated fertilizer treatments: (1) a stock (control) solution with complete macro- and micro-nutrients, electrical conductivity (EC) 2.2 dS m(-1); (2) wastewater from a mushroom farm; and (3) process wastewater from anaerobic digestion of municipal solid waste. The wastewaters used in both treatments 2 and 3 were diluted with tap water, and the computer was programmed to amend, dispense and recirculate nutrients based on the same target EC as in treatment 1. For comparison, there was a traditional controlled-release fertilizer treatment [Nutryon 17-5-12 (17N-2P-10K) plus micro-nutrients topdressed at a rate of 39 g/plant, nutrients not recirculated]. All three species responded similarly to the three recirculated fertilizer treatments. Growth with the recirculated treatments was similar and significantly higher than that obtained with controlled-release fertilizer. Throughout the study, the EC measured in wastewater-derived nutrient solutions, and also in the container substrate, were similar or close to those of the control treatment, although there were small to large differences among individual major nutrients. There was no sign of nutrient deficiency or toxicity symptoms to the plants. Small to moderate excesses in concentrations of SO(4), Na, and/or Cl were physiologically tolerable to the species.
Subject(s)
Agaricales/metabolism , Agriculture/methods , Fertilizers , Water Pollutants/chemistry , Water Purification/methods , Aluminum , Ecological Systems, Closed , Equipment Design , Facility Design and Construction , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration , Plants/metabolism , Sewage , Waste Disposal, Fluid , WoodABSTRACT
Behavioral and medical treatments for toileting refusal (TR) were investigated using two additive treatments in a multiple-baseline design with 11 preschool-aged children. After Pretreatment A, Treatment B increased high-fiber foods and liquids, initiated mineral-oil therapy, and added positive reinforcement for appropriate toileting. After bowel clean-out, Treatment C induced daily bowel movements with suppositories and applied negative behavioral consequences for inappropriate toileting. Behaviors measured were appropriate and inappropriate bowel movements. Treatment B alone eliminated TR in three boys in 27 to 36 days and reduced the TR of one girl in 40 days. When indicated, Treatment B + C eliminated TR in two boys and four girls in 37 to 79 days and reduced the TR of one boy in 92 days. All 11 of the children were accident free and having at least one bowel movement every 2 days during 5 consecutive days of follow-up conducted 3 to 4 months after treatment. Parents reported general satisfaction with the treatment.
Subject(s)
Behavior Therapy/methods , Toilet Training , Child, Preschool , Combined Modality Therapy , Female , Humans , Male , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
The pediatrician is often the first professional consulted when parents are concerned that their child might have a developmental disability. Current federal laws providing education and related services for the disabled have included the pediatrician as a participant in accessing services available to this population from birth through age 21. A review of the elements of these laws and how the pediatrician can take a more active role with the disabled population is presented, and case examples are cited.
Subject(s)
Developmental Disabilities/therapy , Education, Special/methods , Interprofessional Relations , Patient Care Planning/standards , Pediatrics/methods , Adolescent , Child , Education, Special/legislation & jurisprudence , Female , Health Services Accessibility/standards , Humans , Male , Referral and Consultation , School Health Services/legislation & jurisprudence , School Health Services/standardsSubject(s)
Disabled Persons/legislation & jurisprudence , Education, Special/legislation & jurisprudence , Physician's Role , Child , Child, Preschool , Education of Intellectually Disabled/legislation & jurisprudence , Eligibility Determination/legislation & jurisprudence , Humans , Infant , Learning Disabilities/diagnosis , Learning Disabilities/psychology , Mainstreaming, Education/legislation & jurisprudenceABSTRACT
Two menaquinone-deficient and one aromatic-deficient mutants of Staphylococcus aureus were unable to reduce nitrate to nitrite. Reinitiation of menaquinone synthesis in the aromatic-deficient mutant by growing it with shikimic acid restored its nitrate respiratory activity. The results clearly demonstrate a role for menaquinone in nitrate respiration in Staphylococcus aureus.
