Study on the formation of neural network in the tongue of Gallus domesticus (White Leghorn) as revealed by cholinesterase technique.

The neural network in the tongue of Gallus domesticus was visualized using a cholinesterase technique. The network of acetylcholinesterase positive nerve fibres was formed by the tortuous myelinated as well as non-myelinated, preganglionic and postganglionic nerve fibres. The network was closely associated with a chain of acetylcholinesterase positive ganglia, the nerve fibres of the fungiform, filiform, circumvallate and foliate papillae and with the fibres of the neural terminal network.

A study of the formation of the neural network in the lungs of Perdicula asiatica, as revealed by the cholinesterase technique.

The investigation was undertaken to investigate the formation and association of neural network and their fibres with nerve cells and ganglia in the parenchyma. The staining of the neural network was done by the cholinesterase technique under the maintained pH 5.2, temperature 40 degrees C and incubation period 30 hrs. The neural network was formed by a good number of tortuous thick nerves and was related either with nerve cells or ganglia. At times, it was formed by a good number of thick nerves and a few thin nerves in the connective tissue space.

Study of innervation of the pancreatic duct of Lepus europaeus, using the cholinesterase technique.

The innervation of the pancreatic duct was studied in the European Hare (Lepus europaeus) by the cholinesterase technique. The duct was accompanied by thick myelinated and thin non-myelinated nerve fibres, which subsequently formed a plexi. The plexi were associated with the fibres of the plexi of the islet of Langerhans, or with ganglia, blood vessels or neural networks. No chain of ganglia was observed on or near the duct and the ductules.

A histochemical study of the neuro-muscular spindles in the tongue of some rodents.

An investigation was undertaken to study the Neuro-muscular spindles in the tongue (Rattus rattus rufescens and Suncus murinus) by cholinesterase technique, under maintained pH of 5.2, incubation period 20 h., and temperature 38 degrees C (Rattus) and 39 degrees C (Suncus). Neuro-muscular spindles were observed frequently distributed from anterior to posterior of the tongue and took a little darker stain than the ordinary muscle fibres (negatively stained) while the nerve fibres and ganglia took still darker stain. Nerve fibres (myelinated, non-myelinated and tortuous) were seen penetrating and embracing the muscle spindles and most of them ran parallel to the spindles. Ganglia of various shapes (oval, irregular, elongated and rounded) and sizes (large, Rattus and medium and small, Suncus) were AChE-positive. Ganglia small and medium in size, rounded and elongated in shape were arranged in chain-like fashion on the muscle spindles in Suncus (Fig. 9, 10). The blood vessels (artery, vein, and capillary) were recorded either in close association with the muscle spindles or lying parallel to it. In all cases they were closely related and deeply associate either with the nerve fibres of the plexus of the muscle spindles or with the nerve fibres of the neural network of vessel. Perivascular and perimuscular ganglia with pre- and postganglionic nerve fibres were closely related to each other. Nerve endings, dot-like (Rattus) and bulb-like (Suncus) were occasionally recorded. AChE activity was found randomly in the muscle spindles (Fig. 2, 5.) and in the form of dark brown patches in the ordinary muscle fibres.

The taste buds of Suncus murinus (Indian musk shrew).

Taste buds were generally found on the posterior side of the tongue. Neural elements (nerve fibres, mainly thick myelinated, and ganglia arranged in a chain-like fashion) participated in the innervation of the taste buds. Cholinesterase activity was much marked in the bottom of the taste buds, while the marginal surface showed no such activity.

Neuro-histochemical study of the adrenal gland of Rattus rattus rufescens (Indian black rat) as revealed by cholinesterase technique.

The present investigation was undertaken to study the innervation and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) distribution in the adrenal gland of Rattus rattus rufescens (Indian black rat) by cholinesterase technique. The percentage of myelinated nerves in the cortical zone (cortex) and medulla zone was high. AChE-positive and multipolar ganglia on the outer medulla region, and the ganglia and nerve cells, arranged in chain-like fashion in the chromaffin tissue, were recorded. AChE activity was marked in the cortical zone (in the form of spots) and in the medulla zone (in the form of white and black grains).

Neurohistological observations on lung of female Perdicula asiatica (jungle bush quail) as revealed by cholinesterase technique.

Myelinated and non-myelinated nerve fibres follow the bronchi which share in the formation of the pericartilaginous plexus, posteriorly. Meso- and parabronchi were richely innervated by a large number of non-myelinated nerve fibres. Rounded ganglia (large and small) were observed near the wall of the bronchi and parabronchi. Large ganglia with numerous nerve cells were observed in the parenchymal tissue. Occasionally ganglia were seen in between parabronchial space and in the connective tissue space. Muscle were also richly innervated by non-myelinated nerve fibres and were marked in close associationship with the pre- and postganglionic nerve fibres of the perimuscular ganglia. The neural networks, formed by fine branches of non-myelinated nerve fibres, were either connected with the vascular (arterial) plexuses, neural terminal network, fibres of the pericartilaginous plexus or meso- and parabronchial plexus.

Study of acetylcholinesterase distribution in the various tissues of birds and mammals.

The distribution of AChE activity in the various tissues was studied, in female Funambulus pennanti (five banded squirrel), female Francolinus pondicerianus (grey partridge of safed teeter), female Perdicula asiatica (jungle bush quail or lowwa), female Gallus domesticus (white leghorn), and female Suncus murinus (Indian musk shrew) by the use of cholinesterase technique, under different temperatures, incubation periods and pH values. The distribution of AChE activity in the nerve cells, their fibres and nerve bundles as well as in muscle spindles was variable. Periphery of the nerve cells showed strong positive reaction as compared with the central portion of the cell (Fig. 1, 2, 3, 4). Some of the ganglia and nerve bundles showed strong positive AChE reaction (Fig. 1, 5, 6).

Neurohistological observations on the kidney of Rattus rattus rufescens (Indian black rat) as revealed by cholinesterase technique.

The intrinsic innervation of the kidney in Rattus rattus rufescens (Indian black rat) has been studied by cholinesterase technique, under various temperatures, incubation periods and different pH values. The percentage of myelinated nerves was rather high in the medulla region, whereas the non-myelinated nerves dominated in association with the uriniferous tubules and their branches, glomerulus and renal vein in the cortex region. Periarterial AChE-positive ganglia were recorded in the medulla region. The perivenous and periglomerulus plexuses were formed by the non-myelinated nerves and their branches.

Histochemical study on the external ear of Suncus murinus (Indian musk shrew).

The histochemical study of the Ear of female Suncus murinus (Indian musk shrew) was studied by the use of the cholinesterase technique. Good and sharp results were obtained while studing the AChE activity in the hair, hair follicle, hair papillae, muscle spindle, and nerve endings. The investigations were performed under constant pH, temperatures 37 degrees C to 40 degrees C, and incubation times, from 16 hours to 18 hours. The hair follicle and hair shafts showed strong positive reaction; hair papillae also showed strong positive reaction of AChE activity, while hair showed the banded appearance and the muscle spindles showed mild reaction of the AChE activity.

Comparative neurohistological observations on the pancreatic duct in certain birds and mammals as revealed by cholinesterase technique.

A comparative study of pancreatic duct innervation of Francolinus pondicerianus (grey partridge or safed teeter) and Suncus murinus (Indian musk shrew) as revealed by cholinesterase technique has been done for investigation. In Suncus pancreas, the AChE-positive ganglia, elongated and irregularly shaped, medium and large-sized, were recorded either on the periphery of the excretory duct or on the wall of the duct. No ganglia were recorded on the periphery, although the fibres of the ganglia were in close association with the periductular plexus and the fibres of the peri-insular plexus in Francolinus. In Suncus, multipolar and AChE-positive ganglia of various shapes, arranged in chain-like fashion on the duct, were recorded, whereas in Francolinus the multipolar ganglia of AChE-positive nature and of various shapes, arranged in chain-like fashion, were observed in the duct region.

Innervation of the intrapulmonary bronchi of the female Funambulus pennanti.

Ganglia of various shapes (rounded, oval and irregular) and of large, medium and small size were recorded on, or near, the bronchial wall either in free form or arranged in chain-like fashion. Most of the ganglia were AChE-positive and connected with the myelinated nerve fibres.

Comparative neurohistological observations on the intrinsic innervation of pancreatic artery (blood vessel) in the representative of bird and mammal.

The present investigation was undertaken for the study of the comparative neurohistological observations of pancreatic-Artery (blood vessel) in Gallus domesticus (white leghorn) and Suncus murinus (Indian musk shrew) by cholinesterase technique. In Gallus, the innervation of arteries (blood vessel) was by a good number of non-myelinated nerevs, which formed the periarterial plexus in participation with the postganglionic fibres at one end and the fibres of the nerve cells of the other end. In Suncus, the periarterial and AChE-positive ganglia were arranged in chain-like fashion on the periphery of the artery. Periarterial plexus was formed by tortuous, myelinated nerves and the nerve fibres of the ganglia.