Seatbelt: a double-edged sword.

Intra-abdominal vascular injury due to blunt trauma is unusual in children. Due to its rarity, detailed reports dealing with its management are scarce in paediatric literature. Diagnosis of these injuries is challenging, and a high degree of awareness is necessary for rapid identification and treatment of these injuries. We report the case of a child with seatbelt sign and mesenteric vein injury due to blunt trauma to the abdomen during a motor vehicle accident where the seatbelt was incorrectly placed. She also sustained cervical vertebral injury. The pattern of injuries in children in these situations may differ from that found in adults. While seatbelts have undoubtedly saved many lives, awareness about correct placement of these restraints is extremely necessary.

Cystic partially differentiated nephroblastoma.

Cystic partially differentiated nephroblastoma is a relatively rare tumour of the kidney usually affecting infants. Cystic Wilms' tumour and multilocular cystic nephroma should be distinguished from cystic partially differentiated nephroblastoma. Multilocular cystic nephroma is a benign tumour whereas cystic Wilms' tumour is at the malignant end of the range of classification of such tumours. Cystic partially differentiated nephroblastoma may undergo local recurrence but there is no report of metastasis.

Mucocele of the appendix with magnetic resonance imaging findings.

Mucocele of the appendix is a rare lesion caused by abnormal accumulation of mucus. Although preoperative diagnosis is important to avoid rupture of a mucocele, the diagnosis is often made at surgery. We report a case of an appendiceal mucocele that mimicked a hydrosalpinx on CT and MRI.

Pelvic anatomy and MRI.

An in-depth knowledge of the anatomy of the pelvis and pelvic sidewall is necessary before a gynaecologist can even contemplate making an initial examination and start management in cases of pelvic pathology or malignancy. This chapter provides basic information on gross pelvic anatomy structures that are of clinical relevance and discusses their correlation with medical imaging, especially magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). MRI is an ideal non-invasive technique in the assessment of normal anatomy and tissue characterization of pelvic pathology. The excellent soft-tissue contrast and the ability to direct multiplanar imaging and to demonstrate blood vessels without the use of intravenous contrast make MRI superior to other imaging modalities in the evaluation of pelvic abnormalities. The anatomical relation of the visceral organs, the differential zonal anatomy of the corpus uteri and the cyclical endometrial changes during the menstrual cycle are well depicted with MRI.

Renal abscess with paranephric extension in a gravid woman: ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging findings.

We present a case of renal abscess with perinephric and paranephric extension. Ultrasonography showed an intrarenal lesion. The extension into the perinephric and paranephric space was better defined on MRI.

Double-chambered right ventricle: magnetic resonance imaging findings.

Primary double-chambered right ventricle is an uncommon congenital anomaly that presents with right ventricular outflow tract obstruction in childhood or adolescence. A search of the literature revealed only a few documented case reports with MRI findings. We present a case with mixed lesions, and with anomalous muscle bundles located both in the middle portion of the right ventricular sinus and at the subinfundibular level.

Magnetic resonance imaging findings of a foregut duplication cyst of the floor of the mouth in a fetus.

The MRI findings are described in a case of foregut duplication cyst arising from the floor of the mouth in a fetus.

Cardiac metastasis from carcinoid tumour: magnetic resonance imaging findings.

A case of myocardial metastasis from a gastrointestinal carcinoid is presented. The colon was the primary site. The patient did not manifest symptoms of carcinoid syndrome and had no echocardiographic or MRI evidence of carcinoid valvular heart disease.

Primary papillary serous carcinoma of the peritoneum: four cases and review of computed tomography findings.

Primary papillary serous carcinoma of the peritoneum is an uncommon primary malignancy of the peritoneum and is histologically indistinguishable from papillary serous carcinoma of the ovary. The diagnosis of primary peritoneal papillary serous carcinoma should be considered in the presence of peritoneal and omental masses in the absence of an ovarian mass. Although it has been extensively documented in the pathological and gynaecological oncology literature, the CT appearance of primary papillary serous carcinoma of the peritoneum has been reported in only 51 cases in five reports. We present four patients with CT findings of pathologically proven primary papillary serous carcinoma of the peritoneum. There were a total of 23 patients with a histopathologically proven diagnosis of primary papillary serous carcinoma of the peritoneum between 1980 and 2002 with CT imaging. However, only four of the 23 patients' CT films were retrieved for retrospective evaluation. The rest of the films were not available as either patients had misplaced the films or patients were deceased.

Coronary artery fistula in a patient with pulmonary atresia and tricuspid atresia clinical and MRI findings.

The MRI findings of a case of coronary artery fistula occurring in a patient with pulmonary atresia and tricuspid atresia is presented.

Atrial septal aneurysm: MRI and echocardiography correlation.

A case of a patient with atrial septal aneurysm with findings in echocardiography and MRI is described.

Vertebral haemangioma causing cord compression: MRI findings.

A case of a thoracic intraosseous cavernous haemangioma extending into the extradural and paravertebral spaces with a dumbbell-shaped paravertebral component is presented.

Detection of aortoenteric fistula with helical CT.

We describe a case of a patient with symptoms suggestive of secondary aortoenteric fistula (AEF). Extravasation of contrast medium from the aorta into the lumen of the small bowel was definitive evidence of AEF. The role of abdominal CT performed without oral contrast is discussed.

Midgut volvulus in an adult.

We report a case of duodenal malrotation that presented in adulthood as midgut volvulus. On colour Doppler ultrasound, findings of a clockwise rotation of the superior mesenteric vein around the superior mesenteric artery (whirlpool sign) and a distinctive 'whirl'-like pattern resulting from an encircling of loops of the bowel around the SMA on CT is diagnostic of midgut volvulus.

MRI of partial anomalous pulmonary venous return (scimitar syndrome).

We report a case of anomalous pulmonary venous drainage into the inferior vena cava (scimitar syndrome). Cine MRI and 3-D contrast-enhanced MR angiography provides an non-invasive diagnostic technique in the evaluation of anomalous pulmonary venous return.

Three-dimensional gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography of pulmonary arteriovenous malformation.

Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are rare vascular malformations of the lung. Although most patients are asymptomatic, AVMs can bleed and result in haemoptysis and haemothorax. We describes a case of pulmonary AVMs in a patient with Osler-Weber-Rendu syndrome with 3-D contrast-enhanced MR angiography. Magnetic resonance angiography provided accurately and non-invasively the number and size of the feeding arteries and draining veins.

Peritoneal mesothelioma: CT and MRI findings.

Two patients with histologically proven diagnosis of peritoneal mesothelioma are presented. Both patients had CT scans of the abdomen. The second patient was also examined with MRI.

Magnetic resonance imaging features of an infected right atrial myxoma.

Myxomas are the most common primary intracardiac tumours, most commonly occurring in the left atrium, and rarely become infected. A search of the published research located only six case reports of infected right atrial myxoma. In this seventh reported case, the MRI findings are presented for the first time.

Idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome: magnetic resonance imaging findings in endomyocardial fibrosis.

Significant eosinophilia and even eosinophilic tissue infiltration has been associated with a variety of clinical disorders including allergic and immunodeficiency states, drug reaction, infection, parasitic infestation and malignancy. Eosinophilia without an underlying aetiology and with multi-organ dysfunction has been designated idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome. We report a case of endomyocardial fibrosis with MRI findings.

Pericardial lipoma: ultrasound, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging findings.

Primary tumours of the heart and pericardium are extremely rare. Cardiac lipomas account for only 10% of all primary cardiac tumours. A case of surgically proven pericardial lipoma demonstrated by ultrasound, CT and MRI is presented here.