ABSTRACT
SUMMARY STATEMENT: Twenty-three focus groups were held with 183 first-year medical students to assess student perceptions of effective simulation instructors during preclinical training in a medical school. Qualitative descriptive analysis guided the interpretation of focus group data. Students identified 6 areas of knowledge (schedule, student learning goals, session scenario, tasks and checklists, technique, and session purpose); 5 effective instructor skill categories (setting up the learning environment, teaching at the appropriate level, teaching technique, providing deeper context, and giving effective feedback); and 8 positive instructor attributes (enthusiasm, engaged, prepared, knowledgeable, patient, relational, transparent, and calm) instructors should have. Each category of instructor attributes, skills, and knowledge was also described in detail providing illustrative examples of what effective instruction would look like in practice from the students' perspective. Recommendations for instructor faculty development methods and topics/goals are given.
