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1.
Pharmaceutics ; 16(5)2024 May 04.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38794280

ABSTRACT

Silybin (SIB) is a hepatoprotective drug known for its poor oral bioavailability, attributed to its classification as a class IV drug with significant metabolism during the first-pass effect. This study explored the potential of solid lipid nanoparticles with (SLN-SIB-U) or without (SLN-SIB) ursodeoxycholic acid and polymeric nanoparticles (PN-SIB) as delivery systems for SIB. The efficacy of these nanosystems was assessed through in vitro studies using the GRX and Caco-2 cell lines for permeability and proliferation assays, respectively, as well as in vivo experiments employing a murine model of Schistosomiasis mansoni infection in BALB/c mice. The mean diameter and encapsulation efficiency of the nanosystems were as follows: SLN-SIB (252.8 ± 4.4 nm, 90.28 ± 2.2%), SLN-SIB-U (252.9 ± 14.4 nm, 77.05 ± 2.8%), and PN-SIB (241.8 ± 4.1 nm, 98.0 ± 0.2%). In the proliferation assay with the GRX cell line, SLN-SIB and SLN-SIB-U exhibited inhibitory effects of 43.09 ± 5.74% and 38.78 ± 3.78%, respectively, compared to PN-SIB, which showed no inhibitory effect. Moreover, SLN-SIB-U demonstrated a greater apparent permeability coefficient (25.82 ± 2.2) than PN-SIB (20.76 ± 0.1), which was twice as high as that of SLN-SIB (11.32 ± 4.6) and pure SIB (11.28 ± 0.2). These findings suggest that solid lipid nanosystems hold promise for further in vivo investigations. In the murine model of acute-phase Schistosomiasis mansoni infection, both SLN-SIB and SLN-SIB-U displayed hepatoprotective effects, as evidenced by lower alanine amino transferase values (22.89 ± 1.6 and 23.93 ± 2.4 U/L, respectively) than those in control groups I (29.55 ± 0.7 U/L) and I+SIB (34.29 ± 0.3 U/L). Among the prepared nanosystems, SLN-SIB-U emerges as a promising candidate for enhancing the pharmacokinetic properties of SIB.

2.
Eng. sanit. ambient ; 25(2): 229-235, mar.-abr. 2020. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1098216

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Irrigation water and cultivated soil have been identified as possible sources of contamination in several crops. In certain vegetables that are eaten raw, such as lettuce, this contamination can lead to public health problems. Aiming to evaluate the influence of these sources on the quality of lettuce grown in the Córrego Sujo Basin, Teresópolis, RJ, an important agricultural pole whose production services the metropolitan region of Rio de Janeiro, water from different sources (spring, weir and river) was collected in this region, as well as samples of soil and lettuce irrigated with these waters, to carry out conventional microbiological analyzes (counts of total heterotrophic bacteria and thermotolerant coliforms) and molecular analyzes (PCR-DGGE). The count of fecal coliforms in lettuce suggests that there is an influence of irrigation water and the cultivated soil on the contamination of these vegetables. The grouping of bacterial communities in the different samples obtained by the PCR-DGGE technique shows that irrigation water has a greater influence on the contamination of these vegetables in relation to the soil where they are grown. These results corroborate the need to monitor water bodies used for irrigation and demonstrate that the PCR-DGGE technique is of great value for the study of microbial communities and, when associated with specific primers, can help in the detection of pathogens in food.


RESUMO A água de irrigação e o solo de cultivo têm sido apontados como possíveis fontes de contaminação em diversas culturas. Em determinadas hortaliças consumidas cruas, como a alface, essa contaminação pode causar problemas de saúde pública. Objetivando avaliar a influência dessas fontes na qualidade das alfaces cultivadas na Bacia do Córrego Sujo, Teresópolis, RJ; importante polo agrícola com produção voltada à região metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro, coletou-se nesta região águas proveniente de diferentes fontes (nascente, açude e rio); solos e alfaces irrigados com essas águas, para realização de análises microbiológicas convencionais (contagens de bactérias heterotróficas totais e coliformes termotolerantes) e moleculares (PCR-DGGE). A contagem de coliformes fecais na alface sugere que existe influência da água de irrigação e do solo na contaminação desses vegetais. O agrupamento das comunidades bacterianas nas diferentes amostras obtido pela técnica de PCR-DGGE mostra que a água de irrigação tem influência maior na contaminação dessas hortaliças em relação ao solo onde são cultivadas. Esses resultados corroboram a necessidade de monitoramento de corpos d'água utilizados para irrigação e demonstram ser a técnica do PCR-DGGE de grande valia para o estudo das comunidades microbianas e, quando associada a iniciadores específicos podem ajudar na detecção de patógenos em alimentos.

3.
Rev. bras. anal. clin ; 51(4): 268-276, 2019/12/30. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1103938

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Liver fibrosis is one of the most hazardous consequences of chronic liver diseases. Its early diagnosis is important for a quick decision making in the treatment and prognosis. Also, diagnosis and monitoring are usually performed by liver biopsies, a laborious method with high chances of complications and a subjective interpretation of results. Objectives: The research for the development of non-invasive methods are wide. The objective of this study is disclosing and evaluating some of said methods. Materials and methods: Validation articles were analyzed in four databases (Medline, Cochrane, LILACS and SciELO). Using the following terms: (liver fibrosis) AND (non-invasive diagnosis). All articles succeeded to inclusion and exclusion methods. Results: A couple of methods have pointed out promising results, in summary being much better used in the later diagnosis of liver fibrosis. Discussion: Many methods have been or are still in process of validation, some of which are promising, although they require future refinements in their evaluations, such as the diversification of the study population and evaluation of several chronic liver diseases. Conclusions: There are still various difficulties over the creation and standardization of analytical methods. However, existence and validation are important for a favorable future in the diagnosis of fibrosis.


Introdução: A fibrose hepática é uma das consequências graves de doenças hepáticas crônicas. Seu diagnóstico precoce é de suma importância para uma tomada rápida de decisão para tratamento e prognóstico. Seu diagnóstico e monitoramento costuma ser realizado por biópsias hepáticas, método custoso, com grandes chances de complicações e interpretação de resultados de forma subjetiva. Objetivos: A pesquisa para o desenvolvimento de métodos não invasivos é grande. O objetivo deste estudo é mostrar e avaliar alguns desses métodos. Materiais e métodos: Foram analisados artigos de validação em quatro bases de dados (Medline, Cochrane, LILACS e SciELO). Os termos empregados foram: (liver fibrosis) AND (non invasive diagnosis).Todos os trabalhos sucederam aos métodos inclusão e exclusão. Resultados: Alguns métodos se mostraram promissores, sendo grande parte utilizados no diagnóstico mais tardio da fibrose hepática. Discussão: Muitos métodos foram e estão sendo validados, alguns se mostrando promissores, embora necessitem de futuros refinamentos em suas avaliações, como diversificação da população estudada e avaliação em diversas doenças hepáticas crônicas. Conclusões: Ainda existem muitas dificuldades para criação e padronização dos métodos analíticos. Todavia, a existência e a validação são passos importantes para um futuro favorável no diagnóstico de fibrose.


Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Biopsy , Liver Cirrhosis/diagnosis , Liver Diseases
4.
Front Immunol ; 9: 1979, 2018.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30258438

ABSTRACT

In chronic schistosomiasis, liver fibrosis is linked to portal hypertension, which is a condition associated with high mortality and morbidity. High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) was originally described as a nuclear protein that functions as a structural co-factor in transcriptional regulation. However, HMGB1 can also be secreted into the extracellular milieu under appropriate signal stimulation. Extracellular HMGB1 acts as a multifunctional cytokine that contributes to infection, injury, inflammation, and immune responses by binding to specific cell-surface receptors. HMGB1 is involved in fibrotic diseases. From a clinical perspective, HMGB1 inhibition may represent a promising therapeutic approach for treating tissue fibrosis. In this study, we demonstrate elevated levels of HMGB1 in the sera in experimental mice or in patients with schistosomiasis. Using immunohistochemistry, we demonstrated that HMGB1 trafficking in the hepatocytes of mice suffering from acute schistosomiasis was inhibited by Glycyrrhizin, a well-known HMGB1 direct inhibitor, as well as by DIC, a novel and potential anti-HMGB1 compound. HMGB1 inhibition led to significant downregulation of IL-6, IL4, IL-5, IL-13, IL-17A, which are involved in the exacerbation of the immune response and liver fibrogenesis. Importantly, infected mice that were treated with DIC or GZR to inhibit HMGB1 pro-inflammatory activity showed a significant increase in survival and a reduction of over 50% in the area of liver fibrosis. Taken together, our findings indicate that HMGB1 is a key mediator of schistosomotic granuloma formation and liver fibrosis and may represent an outstanding target for the treatment of schistosomiasis.


Subject(s)
Granuloma , HMGB1 Protein/immunology , Liver Cirrhosis , Liver , Schistosoma mansoni/immunology , Schistosomiasis mansoni , Animals , Cytokines/immunology , Female , Granuloma/immunology , Granuloma/parasitology , Granuloma/pathology , Humans , Liver/immunology , Liver/parasitology , Liver/pathology , Liver Cirrhosis/immunology , Liver Cirrhosis/parasitology , Liver Cirrhosis/pathology , Male , Mice, Inbred BALB C , Schistosomiasis mansoni/immunology , Schistosomiasis mansoni/pathology
5.
Braz. J. Pharm. Sci. (Online) ; 53(2): e15249, 2017. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-951896

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT This article reports the development and characterization of a nanoemulsion (NE) able to improve the cutaneous penetration of nifedipine. NE with nifedipine was development and characterized, presenting droplet size of 20 nm with low polydispersity index (IP<0.1), spherical shape without aggregation, pH compatible with typical skin levels and stability evaluated by seven months. In the permeation studies, a classical formulation based in an oil/water cream containing nifedipine was used for comparison with NE. Nanoemulsion promoted and improved the retention of nifedipine in the epidermis and dermis in relation to classical formulation. This promoting effect is related to the nanometric size of the droplets of the NE (20 nm), which give him a large superficial area, favoring the contact of the nanocarrier with the skin surface. The NE was efficient in promoting accumulation of nifedipine in the dermis, which is the site of vasodilation action. NE was not irritating according to the primary dermal irritation tests. NE is a promising release system to promote cutaneous penetration of nifedipine and can be used in the future in clinical trials to promote healing of lesions caused by peripheral vascular diseases.


Subject(s)
Nifedipine/analysis , Nanotechnology , Emulsions/administration & dosage , Skin Absorption , Wound Healing
6.
Hig. aliment ; 27(226/227): 84-89, 30/12/2013. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-963957

ABSTRACT

Foi realizado um levantamento de dados referentes a surtos de origem alimentar ocorridos nos seguintes municípios em Minas Gerais: Uberaba, Arinos, Poços de Caldas, João Monlevade, Alto Jequetibá, Contagem, Belo Horizonte, Venda Nova e Ponte Nova. Durante a inspeção e fiscalização sanitária dos estabelecimentos envolvidos, foram observadas as condições higienicossanitárias do local e da manipulação dos alimentos, se havia responsável técnico, sobretudo, o controle sanitário da empresa. Constatou-se que quase todos os estabelecimentos apresentavam aspectos insatisfatórios, pois havia presença de prováveis transmissores de patógenos responsáveis pelas doenças transmitidas por alimentos (DTAS), em alguns casos confirmados por laudos laboratoriais. Estas DTAS ocorrem devido à ingestão de água, bebidas ou alimentos contaminados por micro-organismos como bactérias e suas toxinas, protozoários, helmintos, vírus, bem como príons. As DTAS são crescentes em decorrência do desconhecimento de consumidores e manipuladores de alimentos no que se refere aos riscos inerentes à manipulação inadequada daqueles e inobservância da legislação, o que contribui para o aumento da clandestinidade de estabelecimentos, dos alimentos produzidos e a indevida competência técnica profissional. Por estes motivos, aumentam-se os gastos públicos destinados ao tratamento deste tipo de doença. Caso estes problemas sérios não sejam sanados, será difícil cumprir os acordos assinados na Conferência das Nações Unidas sobre o Desenvolvimento Sustentável (Rio+20), em relação à garantia de alimentos com qualidade e em quantidade suficiente à população.


A survey was made on foodborne outbreaks occurring in the following cities in Minas Gerais State: Uberaba, Arinos, Poços de Caldas, João Monlevade Jequetibá Alto, Contagem, Belo Horizonte, Venda Nova and Ponte Nova. During the inspection and surveillance of some facilities, we observed the sanitary conditions of the location, food handling, the presence of a technical responsible, and, mainly, the company´s sanitary control. It was noticed that, almost in all facilities, there were unsatisfactory aspects, as the presence of probable transmitters of pathogens responsible for foodborne illness (DTAS), in some cases confirmed by laboratory reports. These DTAS occurred due to the contamination of water, drinks or food by micro-organisms such as bacteria and their toxins, protozoa, helminthes, viruses, and prions. These DTAS are increasing due the lack of knowledge by food handlers and consumers regarding the inherent risks of mishandling and failure to comply with the legislation, which contributes to the increase of underground facilities, the inadequate food production and the misguide professional expertise. For these reasons, there is an increase on public spending for the treatment of this kind of disease. If these serious problems are not solved, it will be difficult to reach the agreements signed at the UN Conference on Sustainable Development (Rio +20) regarding the commitment on the food quality and in sufficient quantity to the population.


Subject(s)
Food Contamination , Health Education , Sanitary Supervision , Sanitary Inspection , Food Handling , Foodborne Diseases , Food Quality , Health Risk , Good Manufacturing Practices , Products Commerce , Good Manipulation Practices
7.
J Colloid Interface Sci ; 397: 88-95, 2013 May 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23481517

ABSTRACT

Layered double hydroxides intercalated with dodecylsulfate or dodecylbenzenesulfonate were synthesized by co-precipitation under alkaline conditions. After characterization by PXRD, FTIR, and TGA/DTA, the ZnxAl/SUR compounds were reacted with neutral benzophenone, using different procedures. The products obtained from benzophenone adsolubilization were investigated by PXRD, FTIR, and DRUV-Vis spectroscopy before and after exposure to UV radiation. In general, the content of adsolubilized benzophenone was small and depended on the synthetic procedure. The best results were achieved under microwave irradiation, which furnished 9.09 wt% adsolubilized benzophenone. The products presented good adsorption in the full UV region, from UVC to UVA, and good stability to UV radiation. They did not cause skin irritation in tests conducted on rabbits, which makes them good candidates for the development of a new generation of sunscreens.


Subject(s)
Benzenesulfonates/chemistry , Benzophenones/chemistry , Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate/chemistry , Sunscreening Agents/chemistry , Surface-Active Agents/chemistry , Animals , Benzenesulfonates/pharmacology , Benzophenones/pharmacology , Drug Evaluation, Preclinical , Rabbits , Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate/pharmacology , Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared , Sunscreening Agents/pharmacology , Surface-Active Agents/pharmacology , Ultraviolet Rays
8.
Hig. aliment ; 27(216/217): 42-46, jan.-fev. 2013.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-707869

ABSTRACT

O abate clandestino aumenta o risco de transmissão de vários patógenos de grande importância para a Saúde Pública. A cisticercose, a tuberculose e a brucelose são exemplos importantes e que apresentam prevalências ainda elevadas no nosso rebanho. A universalização de ações na inspeção sanitária, aliada ao registro dos estabelecimentos de processamento de produtos de origem animal, são fundamentos legais e fontes de recursos de suma importância para o controle sanitário. Desta forma, depreende-se que a obtenção da segurança dos alimentos é requisito básico para se garantir uma população saudável, bem como o aceite dos nossos produtos pelo mercado externo.


Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Cattle , Abattoirs , Food Inspection , Control and Sanitary Supervision of Foods and Beverages , Cysticercosis/epidemiology , Cysticercosis/prevention & control , Health Surveillance , Prevalence , Zoonoses
9.
Hig. aliment ; 26(206/207): 98-102, mar.-abr. 2012.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-661554

ABSTRACT

Neste trabalho foi discutida a importância do gelo como fonte de veiculação de agentes patogênicos como vírus, bactérias, protozoários, e helmintos causadores de doenças e eventuais surtos, em decorrência da precariedade de saneamento básico, ausência de monitoramento no sistema de abastecimento de água e a sua freqüente comercialização clandestina. Embora várias pesquisas mostrem o gelo como fonte de surtos de algumas importantes doenças, os órgãos responsáveis pelo seu registro no Ministério da Saúde o dispensaram desta obrigatoriedade, como disposto na Resolução RDC nº 278 de 22 de setembro de 2005. Contudo, na elaboração de gelo para ser adicionado em bebidas, apesar de ser obrigatório o uso de água potável e filtrada, não há controle adequado, uma vez que existem muitos depósitos e fábricas de gelo funcionando na clandestinidade. Soma-se a este problema o monitoramento inadequado da qualidade da água de abastecimento, que pode resultar em doenças que afetam a saúde pública mundial.


Subject(s)
Environmental Pollution , Food Preservation/methods , Ice/analysis , Water Microbiology , Water Microbiology , Water Pollution
11.
Parasitol Res ; 107(6): 1429-34, 2010 Nov.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20694562

ABSTRACT

The schistosomiasis is a parasitic infection with relevant social impact and an important health problem in many countries around world. The pathology of this infection is characterized by a granulomatous reaction around parasite eggs and by hepatic fibrosis. Silymarin, a complex compound isolated from Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertner, have been described as hepatoprotective, antioxidant, antifibrotic, immunomodulator, and anti-neoplastic agent. Some of these capacities could potentially protect against pathology in schistosomiasis. Herein, we evaluated the effects of silymarin on parasite burden, granuloma sizes, and liver fibrosis, which are associated with severity and morbidity of this disease. BALB/c mice treated intraperitoneally with 10, 20, or 25 doses of silymarin (10 mg kg(-1)) suspended in carboxymethylcellulose were analyzed at 55 days post-infection. Silymarin (1) did not affect parasite oviposition capacity; (2) reduced granulomatous peri-ovular reaction in the liver, and (3) decreased hepatic fibrosis in this infection. Taken together, these data suggest that treatment with silymarin at acute phase of schistosomiasis may result in a mild course of murine schistosomiasis and can be a promising complementary treatment reverting sequelae of this infection.


Subject(s)
Anthelmintics/administration & dosage , Granuloma/pathology , Liver Cirrhosis/pathology , Schistosomiasis/drug therapy , Schistosomiasis/pathology , Silymarin/administration & dosage , Animals , Disease Models, Animal , Granuloma/parasitology , Granuloma/prevention & control , Injections, Intraperitoneal , Liver Cirrhosis/parasitology , Liver Cirrhosis/prevention & control , Mice , Mice, Inbred BALB C , Severity of Illness Index , Treatment Outcome
12.
Int. j. high dilution res ; 7(25): 174-178, 2008. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-529849

ABSTRACT

The latex extracted from Euphorbia tirucalli, a plant popularly known as Aveloz, is used in complementary medicine to induce tumor regression. However, as this latex has toxic effects when administered orally in ponderal doses, the present study was designed to assess the effects of high dilutions in healthy mice over a period of 18 weeks. The Aveloz latex-high diluted solutions (latex-HD) were obtained through the interaction of two processes: 1:100 dilution in mass and succussion, using ethanol 70% as a solvent, in the homeopathic dilutions of 5, 15 and 30cH, following Farmacopéia Homeopática Brasileira. Control solutions without latex were compounded (ethanolic-HD) in the same dilutions and were administered simultaneously. The animals which received latex-HD 30cH showed a significant increase in food consumption (p < 0.05) without significant difference in weight gain. In regards to water consumption, no statistical difference was shown when different Aveloz latex-HD groups were compared, apart from the group that received 1 drop of pure latex in water, which presented a significant increase (p < 0.05) in this parameter.


O látex extraído de Euphorbia tirucalli, planta conhecida popularmente como Aveloz, é utilizado em medicina complementar para induzir regressão tumoral. No entanto, como este látex tem efeitos tóxicos quando administrado por via oral em doses ponderais, este estudo foi desenhado para avaliar os efeitos de altas diluições do mesmo em camundongos sadios por um período de 18 semanas. As altas diluições do látex do Aveloz (látex-HD) foram obtidas através da interação de dois processos: diluição 1:100 em massa e sucussão, utilizando etanol 70% como solvente, nas diluições homeopáticas 5, 15 e 30cH, de acordo com a Famracopéia Homeopática Brasileira. Soluções de controle sem o látex (etanol-HD) foram compostas nas mesmas diluições e ministradas simultaneamente. Os animais que receberam látex-HD 30cH mostraram aumento significativo no consumo de alimento (p < 0,05) sem diferença significativa em ganho de peso. A respeito do consumo de água, não foram observadas diferenças significativas entre os diferentes grupos látex-HD, enquanto que o grupo que recebeu 1 gota de látex puro em água apresentou aumento significativo neste parâmetro (p < 0,05).


Subject(s)
Animals , Mice , Homeopathy , Latex , Homeopathic Remedy , Toxicology
13.
Int. j. high dilution res ; 7(25): 174-178, 2008. graf
Article in English, Portuguese | HomeoIndex Homeopathy | ID: hom-9207

ABSTRACT

The latex extracted from Euphorbia tirucalli, a plant popularly known as Aveloz, is used in complementary medicine to induce tumor regression. However, as this latex has toxic effects when administered orally in ponderal doses, the present study was designed to assess the effects of high dilutions in healthy mice over a period of 18 weeks. The Aveloz latex-high diluted solutions (latex-HD) were obtained through the interaction of two processes: 1:100 dilution in mass and succussion, using ethanol 70% as a solvent, in the homeopathic dilutions of 5, 15 and 30cH, following Farmacopéia Homeopática Brasileira. Control solutions without latex were compounded (ethanolic-HD) in the same dilutions and were administered simultaneously. The animals which received latex-HD 30cH showed a significant increase in food consumption (p < 0.05) without significant difference in weight gain. In regards to water consumption, no statistical difference was shown when different Aveloz latex-HD groups were compared, apart from the group that received 1 drop of pure latex in water, which presented a significant increase (p < 0.05) in this parameter.(AU)


O látex extraído de Euphorbia tirucalli, planta conhecida popularmente como Aveloz, é utilizado em medicina complementar para induzir regressão tumoral. No entanto, como este látex tem efeitos tóxicos quando administrado por via oral em doses ponderais, este estudo foi desenhado para avaliar os efeitos de altas diluições do mesmo em camundongos sadios por um período de 18 semanas. As altas diluições do látex do Aveloz (látex-HD) foram obtidas através da interação de dois processos: diluição 1:100 em massa e sucussão, utilizando etanol 70% como solvente, nas diluições homeopáticas 5, 15 e 30cH, de acordo com a Famracopéia Homeopática Brasileira. Soluções de controle sem o látex (etanol-HD) foram compostas nas mesmas diluições e ministradas simultaneamente. Os animais que receberam látex-HD 30cH mostraram aumento significativo no consumo de alimento (p < 0,05) sem diferença significativa em ganho de peso. A respeito do consumo de água, não foram observadas diferenças significativas entre os diferentes grupos látex-HD, enquanto que o grupo que recebeu 1 gota de látex puro em água apresentou aumento significativo neste parâmetro (p < 0,05).(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Mice , Homeopathy , Toxicology , Homeopathic Remedy , Latex
14.
Antimicrob Agents Chemother ; 46(11): 3490-8, 2002 Nov.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12384355

ABSTRACT

To investigate the possible use of immunomodulators as coadjuvants in the treatment of chronic schistosomiasis, the study described in the present report evaluated the effects of dexamethasone on several parameters which reflect disease severity and morbidity. Parasitological, immunological, and histological parameters were analyzed in animals treated from the first day of infection or after 35 days of infection. In both situations, dexamethasone had no effect on the parasite burden but altered the egg distribution in tissue, indicating that under the schedule used it did not interfere with the development of adult worms or oviposition. Treated mice showed a decrease in the number of eggs in hepatic tissue, reduced granuloma sizes, reduced levels of granuloma maturation, and reduced collagen contents. Dexamethasone-treated mice also had decreased gamma interferon, interleukin-12 (IL-12), and IL-4 levels in serum and increased IL-10 levels in serum. Taken together, these data suggested a decrease in the severity of murine schistosomiasis and point to dexamethasone as a convenient and promising coadjuvant agent in the therapy of this infection.


Subject(s)
Anti-Inflammatory Agents/therapeutic use , Dexamethasone/therapeutic use , Schistosoma mansoni , Schistosomiasis mansoni/drug therapy , Animals , Aspartate Aminotransferases/blood , Female , Fibrosis/etiology , Fibrosis/pathology , Granuloma/etiology , Granuloma/pathology , Interferon-gamma/blood , Interleukin-10/blood , Interleukin-4/blood , Kidney/parasitology , Kidney/pathology , Liver/parasitology , Liver/pathology , Lung/parasitology , Lung/pathology , Mice , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Schistosomiasis mansoni/parasitology , Schistosomiasis mansoni/pathology
15.
Hig. aliment ; 16(100): 67-74, set. 2002. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-334778

ABSTRACT

Foi realizada a avaliação da qualidade higiênico-sanitária de 30 amostras de alimentos vegetais crus, sendo 15 de frutas e 15 de hortaliças prontas para o consumo, comercializadas em dois restaurantes de médio porte da Cidade Universitária da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ). As amostras foram analisadas quanto aos seguintes parâmetros: contagem de mesófilos aeróbios totais, coliformes, enterococos, Staphylococcus aureus (incluindo pesquisa de estirpes enterotoxigênicas), bolores e leveduras, pesquisa de Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., sorotipos diarreiogênicos de E. coli, incluindo O157:H7 e avaliação parasitológica. Os resultados indicaram que 12 (92,3 por cento) das amostras de hortaliças e 9 (64,3 por cento) das amostras de frutas analisadas estavam com contagem de coliformes fecais acima do padrão preconizado pela Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária, sendo a presença de Escherichia coli detectada em 12 (40 por cento) do total de amostras. A pesquisa de E. coli O157:H7 foi negativa em todas as amostras analisadas. Entretanto, outros sorotipos diarreiogênicos foram detectados (monovalente O26, O55, O111, O119, O124, O125, O127, O142, polivalente clássica A, polivalente clássica B, polivalente clássica C, polivalente invasora A, polivalente invasora B). A pesquisa de Salmonella spp. revelou a presença deste patógeno em 5 (16,6 por cento) das 30 amostras analisadas. Staphylococcus aureus foi detectado em 16 amostras (53,3 por cento), sendo que 2 estirpes produtoras de enterotoxina foram isoladas de salada de alface. Uma delas, produtora de enterotoxinas A e B, foi detectada em contagem de 3,0 x 100 UFC/g, e a outra produtora de enterotoxina A apresentou contagem de 1,1 x 1000 UFC/g. A freqüência de enterococos não apresentou correlação com os níveis de contaminação por coliformes fecais. Em nenhuma das amostras foi detectada a presença de parasitas.


Subject(s)
Fruit , Restaurants , Vegetables
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