[Morphological changes of the vision organ among winterers in Ukrainian Antarctic station "Academician Vernadskii"].

The study revealed that the Antarctic territory in the area of the Ukrainian Antarctic station "Academician Vernadsky" can be referred to the zone of the "super high", risk in developing ophthalmological pathology, caused by ultraviolet radiation. The results of the comprehensive dynamic study of 24 winterers of the XVI and XVII Ukrainian Antarctic expeditions (2011-2013) showed the developing of specific changes in the organ of vision under the exposure to the excessive natural ultraviolet radiation (UVR), such as parenchymatous-endothelial keratopathy, nuclear-posteriorcapsular phacopathy, maculopathy. Morphological changes were recorded using the cornea densitometry method: a decrease of the central cornea thickness by 14.3%, a decrease of the density and the number of endothelial cells of hexagonal type by 10.1% and 16.6%, respectively (P < 0.05). Using densitometry method, we detected morphological changes in the lens. Specifically, we found an increase of the optic lens density: in median zone by 10.1%, in maximal zone by 21.6%, in posterior part by 13.1%, P < 0.05. The results of densitometry recordings point to the development of local opacity in the posterior lens parts (in the nucleus and in the capsule). The data of the computed quantitative macula perimetry showed a significant decrease of light sensitivity of retina conicalis cells by 6 times (P < 0.05). The morphological signs of the endured acute solar retinopathy were found in more than 50% winterers. The revealed pathological changes can be considered as pre-, subclinical manifestations of the cornea dystrophy, cataracts and maculodystrophy, caused by specific action of the natural UVR, thus demanding the elaboration of the combined preventive measures.

[Utrastructural organization of the dorsomedial hypothalamic nuclei in rats with experimental chronic stress].

The dynamics of structural and ultrastructural changes of dorsomedial the hypothalamic nuclei in rats with chronic emotional stress within 10 months has been studied. It was found that stress loading increases the signs of damages of the nervous tissue. These signs were manifested as disorders of the structural organization of synaptic terminals and synaptic vesicles, and in the change of relation of types of synaptic contacts. Disorders in mitochondria structures, appearance of multivesicle little bodies and other osmiophil membrane structures of various types and edema development indicate on progressing destructive processes in the nervous tissue. The structures of the hypothalamus area underwent damages of different degree, thus causing a mosaic character of changes. Along with the adaptive processes we noticed rough destructive damages of structures up to the death of dendrites, pointing to systemic and irreversible character of changes in the brain tissue. Such changes can reflect adaptation-disadaptation changes in the tissue of the hypothalamic area under a long-term stress exposure and signs of decompensation or prepathological state of overstrain and to be morphofunctional basis of chronic fatigue.

[Modulating effects of exogenous histamine, serotonin, and heparin on leukocytic reaction during inflammation]. / Zamisnyi vplyv ekzohennykh histaminu, serotoninu i heparynu na leikotsytarnu reaktsiiu pry zapalenni.

On the model of E. coli-induced acute infectious peritonitis in rats previously depleted on mast cells of peritoneal cavity the replacing effects of various doses of exogenous histamine, serotonin and heparin and their complex on leukocytic reaction of inflammatory focus and blood were studied. In was shown that all of the used substances had a meaning in the mechanisms of modulating effect of mast cells on leukocytes. The analogous on direction to mast cells ones effects on leukocytes were produced mostly by histamine and especially by the complex of substances.

[The role of mast cells in the infiltration phenomena in inflammation]. / Rol' tuchnykh klityn v infil'tratyvnykh iavyshchakh pry zapalenni.

On the model of the acute infectious peritonitis in rats it is shown that the previous osmotic depletion of the peritoneal mast cell population leads to the increased functional activity of neutrophils and decreased of monocytes of the inflammatory focus and blood. The results indicate that in the natural inflammatory conditions mast cells directly or indirectly inhibit neutrophils and stimulate monocytes, i.e. they are the modulators of leukocytic reaction.