[The effect of the long-term use of a diet enriched with omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on the fatty acid composition, fibrinolytic system indices and lipid spectrum of the blood in patients with ischemic heart disease]. / Vliianie dlitel'nogo primeneniia diety, obogashchennoi omega-3 polinenasyshchennymi zhirnymi kislotami, na zhirnokislotnyi sostav, pokazateli fibrinoliticheskoi sistemy i lipidnyi spektr krovi u bol'nykh ishemicheskoi bolezn'iu serdtsa.

Fatty fish was included for 7 months into diet of 11 male patients with early stages of ischemic heart disease. Effects of this diet modification on serum fatty acids, lipids and some variables of hemostasis were studied. After control period, patients ate 120-160 g/day of canned Pacific sardine (about 5 g omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids) per day. Two patients refused to participate after 2 months and 1 was lost for follow-up. After 7 months of diet, the proportion of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) in blood lipids increased from 0.67 + 0.26 to 4.7 + 1.5% (p < 0.015) and of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) from 2.3 + 1.1 to 4.3 + 1.1% (p < 0.015). Ratio of EPA to arachidonic acid (AA) rose from 0.1 + 0.02 to 0.9 + 0.4 (p < 0.015). Mean serum triglyceride concentration fell after first month from 179.5 + 79.0 to 99.1 + 30.0 mg/dl (p < 0.015) and remained at this level throughout the study. No significant changes were observed in serum total and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Plasma activities of tissue-type plasminogen activator inhibitor, contents of plasminogen, alpha 2-antiplasmin, antithrombin III and protein C also did not change. Plasma fibrinogen moderately decreased. Its decrease became statistically significant at month 5 (from 3.8 + 0.5 to 3.0 + 0.7, p = 0.021). Thus, the regimen used in this study led to a substantial and steady increase in plasma EPA, DHA and EPA/AA ratio. This was accompanied by sustained decrease in plasma triglycerides. There were no profibrinolytic changes in the parameters studied.

[Food supplement containing ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids prevents experimental thrombotic occlusion of coronary arteries in dogs]. / Pishchevaia dobavka, soderzhashchaia omega-3 polinenasyshchennye zhirnye kisloty, predotvrashchaet éksperimental'nuiu tromboticheskuiu okkliuziiu koronarnoi arterii u sobak.

The antithrombotic effect of fish oil (FO) cannot be explained by its action on platelets. FO may act on the activity of the fibrinolytic system. A food additive of the oil was studied for its effects on thrombosis and fibrinolysis in a canine model of experimental coronary thrombosis. During 4 weeks, 6 animals were fed a diet containing Sardinops sagax melanosticta oil (400 mg/kg/day) (omega 3-polyunsaturated fatty acids (omega 3-PUFA), 5 dogs had isocaloric amounts of olive oil (00), 5 animals were controls on a routine diet. Thrombosis was induced by anodal current, 170 mcA, through the silver electrode inserted into the coronary artery across its wall, thus contacting with the intima of the preconstricted left circumflex artery. Plasma levels of eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and euglobulin clot lysis time were determined before and after diet. The frequency of occlusion for 180 min after power turning-on was 5/5 in the 00 and control groups, but 1/5 in the FO group. Thus, dietary supplementation with FO which caused a substantial increase in plasma omega 3-PUFA prevented coronary artery occlusions without decreasing euglobulin clot lysis time. So, while producing antithrombotic effects, the oil failed to affect fibrinolysis in this model of thrombosis.

[Dietary effect of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation on blood fatty acids, lipid and lipoproteins in patients with ischemic heart disease]. / Vliianie diety, obogashchennoi omega-3 polinenasyshchennymi zhirnymi kislotami, na zhirnokislotnyi sostav, lipidy i lipoproteidy krovi u bolnykh ishemicheskoi bolezníu serdtsa.

Seventeen patients with a more than 5-month-history of angina pectoris were allocated a diet for 4 weeks. The diet was supplemented with 6.15 g of omega 3-polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in 125 g canned Far-Eastern sardine. This increased the proportion of eicosapentaenic (EPA) and docosahexaenic acids from 1.28 +/- 0.72 to 9.02 +/- 2.83% and from 2.48 +/- 0.91 to 6.54 +/- 2.01%, respectively; p = 0.0003) in the total serum lipid fraction. The levels of omega 6-PUFA decreased due to linoleic acid (from 24.9 +/- 3.9 to 19.7 +/- 5.2%, p = 0.0014). The EPA/arachidonic acid ratio rose from 0.23 +/- 0.11 to 1.76 +/- 0.58 (p < 0.001). The levels of triglycerides decreased by 36.4% (from 162.3 +/- 55.2 to 103.9 +/- 42.4 mg/dl; p < 0.0005); those of very low density lipoproteins and total cholesterol by 36 and 6.8%, respectively (from 32.5 +/- 11.0 to 20.8 +/- 8.5 mg/dl; p < 0.0005 and from 234.8 +/- 43.2 to 218.4 +/- 39.7 mg/dl; p < 0.05, respectively). The concentrations of high density lipoproteins remained unchanged. Thus, a short-term supplementation of canned Far-Eastern sardine to the diet of patients with CHD caused a substantial changes in blood fatty acid composition and favourable shifts in the levels of lipids and lipoproteins. This allows the Far-Eastern sardine to be regarded as a valuable source of omega 3-PUFA which can be used in the secondary prevention of coronary heart disease.

[The effect of a diet enriched with omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on the indices of the blood fibrinolytic system in patients in the initial stages of ischemic heart disease]. / Vliianie diety, obogashchennoi omega-3 polinenasyshchennymi zhirnymi kislotami, na pokazateli fibrinoliticheskoi sistemy krovi u bol'nykh na nachal'nykh stadiiakh ishemicheskoi bolezni serdtsa.

The diet of 17 patients with coronary heart disease whose angina duration was no more than 5 months was daily supplemented by 6.15 g of omega 3-polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in 125 g of canned Far-Eastern sardine for 4 weeks. This resulted in increases of eucosapentaenic and docosahexaenic acids (from 1.28 +/- 0.72 to 9.02 +/- 2.83 and from 2.48 +/- 0.91 to 6.54 +/- 2.01%, respectively; p = 0.0003) in the total lipid fraction of serum. The proportion of omega 6-PUFA decreased at the expense of a decline in the levels of linoleic acid from 24.9 +/- 3.9 to 19.7 +/- 5.2% (p = 0.0014). Triglycerides fell from 162.3 +/- 55.2 to 103.9 +/- 42.4 mg/dl (p < 0.0005). The mean activity values of the tissue activator inhibitor plasminogen and C-protein, the levels of plasminogen, antithrombin III, and fibrinogen remained unchanged. The changes found in the tissue activator inhibitor plasminogen were associated with the baselines of lauric and myristic acids. Thus, a short-term fish diet which leads to profound changes in the fatty acid spectrum in blood and to favourable lipid shifts fails to cause profibrinolytic changes in parameters of the fibrinolytic system.

[Effects of low doses of activated protein C in experimental arterial thrombosis in rats]. / Vliianie malykh doz aktivirovannogo proteina C na éksperimental'nyi arterial'nyi thromboz u krys.

Activated C protein (ACP) is a physiological anticoagulant enzyme that is capable to inactivate factors Va and VIIIa, thereby having a wide spectrum of antithrombotic effects. Low-dose ACP was tested for its ability to affect anodic current-induced arterial thrombosis in the rat. ACP given in low doses (15 micrograms/kg, 7% of total C protein in the rat) was found to produce a marked antithrombotic effect. With this, the activated partial thromboplastin time remained virtually unchanged, and its antithrombotic action was equal to that of heparin administered in a dose of 125 U/kg. In the authors' opinion, ACP may form the basis for designing a highly effective antithrombotic agent.