ABSTRACT
Objectives Hypertension is strongly related to body mass index (BMI). Obesity has been the single main contributor to hypertension. Furthermore, the clinical manifestations are normally associated with BMI in hypertensive patients. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between clinical features and BMI among hypertensive patients in both males and females. Methodology A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted among 296 patients having a self-reported history of hypertension and on anti-hypertensive medication. The study was conducted in the medical outpatient department of a secondary care hospital in Karachi during six months (January 2020 to June 2020). A detailed history was taken from each patient about hypertension-related symptoms, and clinical examination was performed. Blood pressure was measured using a sphygmomanometer with a stethoscope. Results Of the 296 patients, 156 (52.2%) were males and 140 (47.3%) were females; 16 (5.4%) of them were underweight, 91 (30.7%) were normal weight, 129 (43.6%) were overweight, and 60 (20.3%) were obese; in addition, 106 (35.8%) reported edema and 71 (24.0%) reported nausea and so on. As far as the association of clinical features and BMI was concerned, our study results showed that only edema (p=0.017) and nausea (p=0.044) were significantly associated with the BMI of the patients. Patients with edema were more likely to be obese than those without edema (29.2% vs. 15.3%), whereas patients with nausea were more likely to be overweight than those without nausea (57.7% vs. 39.1%). Conclusions Our study showed that among the clinical features, edema and nausea were significantly associated with the BMI of the patients, whereas the relationship with others was insignificantly related to BMI of the patients in both male and female patients.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To compare the improvement of dilatation among patients receiving intralesional steroid injection with dilatation versus dilatation alone for the management of corrosive ooesophageal strictures. METHODS: The randomized controlled trial was conducted at Mayo Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan, from November 10, 2014, to November 10, 2015, and comprised patients of either gender aged 15-50years who had corrosive ooesophageal stricture. They were randomised into 2 groups by using the lottery method. In the dilatation group, only endoscopic dilation was done, while in the combination group, intralesional triamcinolone injection was injected followed by dilatation. Follow-up endoscopic dilatation was done every two weeks. Data was analysed using SPSS 21. RESULTS: There were 60 patients randomised into two groups of 30(50%) each. The overall mean age was 32.58±10.58 years and the male-to-female ratio was 1.7:1. At baseline, in dilatation group, the mean stricture length was 23.30±2.28cm while in combination group, it was 24.23±3.06cm. In dilatation group, the mean stricture length was 11.20±3.09cm while in combination group, it was 5.33±3.09cm (p=0.0001).. CONCLUSIONS: oesophageal Combination group was more effective than the dilatation-alone group.
