ABSTRACT
Tetraphenylethylene (TPE) can be used to construct fluorescent probes with typical aggregation-induced emission (AIE) behavior for next-generation sensing applications. McMurry coupling and Suzuki cross coupling strategies provided the desired sensor thiophene-substituted tetraphenylethylene (THTPE). The synthesized TPE analogues were characterized by NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. Maximum AIE of THTPE was observed in 90% water (H2O/THF) content due to extensive formation of aggregates. The AIE properties of THTPE have been utilized for facile detection of nitroaromatic compounds (NACs) (1.0 nM) through a fluorescence quenching mechanism. A paper strip adsorbed with the AIE-based THTPE fluorophore is developed for rapid and convenient detection of NAC-based analytes. Further, interaction of THTPE with analytes is also studied via Gaussian software at the DFT/B3LYP/6-31G(d) level of theory. Interaction energy, frontier molecular orbitals (FMOs), and non-covalent interaction (NCI) analyses are studied by using the same method. Computational results revealed that nitrobenzene (NB) has the strongest interaction while 1,3-dinitrobenzene (DNB) exhibits the least interaction with the sensor molecule. These computational results clearly demonstrate good agreement with experimental data.
ABSTRACT
The current review was planned to assess updated knowledge about gout and to highlight the various areas which need to be focussed upon for better healthcare. Relevant articles published in English language were reviewed by utilising various databases including Google Scholar, Springer Link, Science Direct and MEDLINE. Data revealed a precipitating number of gout cases from the developed countries, while the developing countries on the other hand were found to be faced with an even higher threat. The risk factors and pathophysiology of gout are immaculate and clearly established. Hence, appropriate measures can be explored and worked on to pinpoint diagnosis, and economical treatment. In order to lessen the elevated global health burden along with revolutionising the patient's quality of life, an immediate action is required in certain aspects, like the adoption of a healthy modified lifestyle, a reduction in exposure to risk factors, robust prophylactic measures, bettering awareness, and an approach to early diagnosis followed by optimal treatment protocols.
