ABSTRACT
The current study attempts to evaluate the formation, morphology, and physico-chemical properties of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) synthesized from Clinopodium vulgare extract at different pH values and to investigate their antimicrobial and biomedical application potential. The reduction of zinc ions to ZnO NPs was determined by UV spectra, which revealed absorption peaks at 390 nm at pH 5 and 348 nm at pH 9, respectively. The spherical morphology of the nanoparticles was observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the size was 47 nm for pH 5 and 45 nm for pH 9. Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to reveal the presence of functional groups on the surface of nanoparticles. The antibacterial activity was examined against Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, and Klebsiella pneumonia via the agar-well diffusion method. Comparatively, the highest activities were recorded at pH 9 against all bacterial strains, and among these, biogenic ZnO NPs displayed the maximum inhibition zone (i.e., 20.88 ± 0.79 mm) against S. aureus. ZnO NPs prepared at pH 9 exhibited the highest antifungal activity of 80% at 25 mg/mL and antileishmanial activity of 82% at 400 mg/mL. Altogether, ZnO NPs synthesized at pH 9 show promising antimicrobial potential and could be used for biomedical applications.
ABSTRACT
Genetic diversity of thirty mulberry accessions was determined by using the eleven different phenotypic characters. The study was conducted in field areas of Azad Jammu and Kashmir. The main objective of this study was to find out the diversity in morphological characters of Mulberry accessions found in Azad Jammu and Kashmir and Pakistan. The results showed that there is a significant difference in quantitative parameters among the thirty accessions (p≤0.001). The cluster analysis showed that the data is divided into two main groups at near 80 dissimilarity level. This study suggests that the Morus germplasm is quite diverse.
Se determinoÌ la diversidad geneÌtica de treinta accesiones de mora utilizando once caracteres fenotiÌpicos diferentes. El estudio se realizoÌ en aÌreas de campo de Azad Jammu y Cachemira. El objetivo principal de este estudio fue conocer la diversidad en los caracteres morfoloÌgicos de lss accesiones de mora encontrados en Azad Jammu, Cachemira y PakistaÌn. Los resultados mostraron que hay una diferencia significativa en los paraÌmetros cuantitativos entre las treinta accesiones de mora (p≤0.001). El anaÌlisis de conglomerados mostroÌ que los datos se dividen en dos grupos principales a un nivel de disimilitud cercano a 80. Este estudio sugiere que el germoplasma de Morus es muy diverso.
