ABSTRACT
Sinensetin is among the most ubiquitous polyphenols in citrus fruit and recently has been extensively studied for its ability to prevent or treat diseases. The current literature on the bioavailability of sinensetin and its derivatives was reviewed and the potential ameliorative effects of metabolic syndrome in humans were evaluated. Sinensetin and its derivatives mainly aggregated in the large intestine and extensively metabolized through gut microbiota (GM) and the liver. So intestinal microorganisms had a significant influence on the absorption and metabolism of sinensetin. Interestingly, not only GM acted on sinensetin to metabolize them, but sinensetin also regulated the composition of GM. Thus, sinensetin was metabolized as methyl, glucuronide and sulfate metabolites in the blood and urine. Furthermore, sinensetin was reported to have the beneficial effect of ameliorating metabolic syndromes, including disorders of lipid metabolism (obesity, NAFLD, atherosclerosis), glucose metabolism disorder (insulin resistant) and inflammation, in terms of improving the composition of intestinal flora and modulating metabolic pathway factors in relevant tissues. The present work strongly elucidated the potential mechanism of sinensetin in improving metabolic disorders and supported the contribution of sinensetin to health benefits, thus offering a better perspective in understanding the role played by sinensetin in human health.
ABSTRACT
Naringin (NG), a natural flavanone glycoside, possesses a multitude of pharmacological properties, encompassing anti-inflammatory, sedative, antioxidant, anticancer, anti-osteoporosis, and lipid-lowering functions, and serves as a facilitator for the absorption of other drugs. Despite these powerful qualities, NG's limited solubility and bioavailability primarily undermine its therapeutic potential. Consequently, innovative solubilization methodologies have received considerable attention, propelling a surge of scholarly investigation in this arena. Among the most promising solutions is the enhancement of NG's solubility and physiological activity without compromising its inherent active structure, therefore enabling the formulation of non-toxic and benign human body preparations. This article delivers a comprehensive overview of NG and its physiological activities, particularly emphasizing the impacts of structural modification, solid dispersions (SDs), inclusion compound, polymeric micelle, liposomes, and nanoparticles on NG solubilization. By synthesizing current research, this research elucidates the bioavailability of NG, broadens its clinical applicability, and paves the way for further exploration and expansion of its application spectrum.
ABSTRACT
A method for the simultaneous determination of 18 food-borne stimulant drug residues in beef was developed based on ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). The beef sample was extracted with acidified acetonitrile, cleaned up by Captiva filtration cartridge. The extract was dried with anhydrous magnesium sulfate, and then concentrated by nitrogen flow. The obtained residue was re-dissolved in methanol-water (7:3, v/v). The separation was performed on an Agilent Zorbax Phenyl-Hexyl column with 5 mmol/L ammonium acetate solution (containing 0.01% (v/v) acetic acid) and methanol-acetonitrile (7:3, v/v) as mobile phases with gradient elution. The analyte was detected in positive and negative ion modes and the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. The quantification analysis was performed by external standard method using matrix-matched calibration curves. The method was linear with the correlation coefficients (R2) ≥ 0.9950 in the range of 0.10-50 µg/L. At the spiked levels of 0.4, 1.0 and 2.0 µg/kg, the recoveries of all compounds ranged from 57.3% to 117.5%, with RSDs in range of 3.1%-15.6% (n=5). The limits of detection and limits of quantification were in the range of 0.0006-0.0900 µg/kg and 0.0020-0.3000 µg/kg, respectively. The method is simple, rapid, accurate and sensitive, and can meet the requirement for the determination of the 18 food-borne stimulant drug residues in beef.
