Subject(s)
Glycine , Heart Diseases/prevention & control , Plant Proteins, Dietary/genetics , Plants, Genetically Modified , Valine , Glycine/adverse effects , Heart Diseases/diagnosis , Heart Diseases/epidemiology , Humans , Hydrogen Bonding , Plant Proteins, Dietary/adverse effects , Plants, Genetically Modified/adverse effects , Risk Assessment , Risk Factors , Valine/adverse effectsSubject(s)
Cardiovascular Diseases/prevention & control , Diet, Healthy , Exercise , Neurodegenerative Diseases/prevention & control , Primary Prevention/methods , Risk Reduction Behavior , Cardiovascular Diseases/diagnosis , Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology , Humans , Neurodegenerative Diseases/diagnosis , Neurodegenerative Diseases/epidemiology , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
Gene synthesis is an emerging field which has widespread implications in synthetic biology and molecular biology. The field is constantly evolving which has led to key advances in oligonucleotide synthesis and gene synthesis technologies, with simplicity, cost effectiveness and high throughput. The miniaturization, multiplexing, microfluidic processing and the integrated microchip engineering will drive down cost and increase productivity without compromising DNA synthesis fidelity, whereas the gigantic amount of genome information provides infinite source of DNA elements and genes as raw material for synthetic biology. This article describes some of the recent patents on oligonucleotide synthesis and gene synthesis.
Subject(s)
Genes, Synthetic/genetics , Oligonucleotides/chemical synthesis , Patents as Topic , Microfluidic Analytical Techniques , Oligonucleotides/chemistry , Organophosphorus Compounds/chemistry , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Sulfur/chemistryABSTRACT
SNX-2112 is an Hsp90 inhibitor which is currently undergoing multiple phase 1 clinical trials; however, its mechanism of action needs to be further elaborated. Here we investigated the effects of SNX-2112 in A-375 cells. SNX-2112 induced the degradation of multiple Hsp90 client proteins, activated both the mitochondrial-mediated and death receptor-mediated apoptotic pathways, downregulated Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL, upregulated Bid, cleaved caspase-9, caspase-7, caspase-3 and PARP, and activated caspase-8. The general caspase inhibitor, z-VAD-fmk, did not completely abolish SNX-2112-induced cell death. SNX-2112 induced autophagy in a time- and dose-dependent manner via Akt/mTOR/p70S6K inhibition. SNX-2112 induces significant apoptosis and autophagy in human melanoma A-375 cells, and may be an effective targeted therapy agent.
