ABSTRACT
This study cloned the hemoglobin α1 from the marine teleost, the half-smooth tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis), and then examined its expression under hypoxia exposure. The full-length of CsHb-α1 (594 bp) cDNA contains an open reading frame encoding 144 amino acids. Sequence analysis shows that the predicted CsHb-α1 amino acids shares high identities with that of other species. Real-time PCR showed that CsHb-α1 was highly expressed in the heart, liver, spleen, kidney and blood. Five to 120 min esposure and long-term (36 h) exposure to hypoxia (1.0 mg/L) significantly increased CsHb-α1 mRNA expression in most tissues compared to those fish held in normoxic conditions (dissolved oxygen (DO): 6.2 mg/L). These results suggested that the up-regulation of Hb-α1 is an important component for adaptation of half-smooth tongue sole to short-term hypoxia.
Subject(s)
Fish Proteins/genetics , Flatfishes/genetics , Gene Expression Regulation , Hemoglobins/genetics , Oxygen/metabolism , Amino Acid Sequence , Animals , Cloning, Molecular , Fish Proteins/chemistry , Fish Proteins/metabolism , Flatfishes/metabolism , Hemoglobins/chemistry , Hemoglobins/metabolism , Molecular Sequence Data , Oxygen/analysis , Sequence AlignmentABSTRACT
Peptidoglycan recognition proteins (PGRPs) are a family of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) of the immune system, which bind and hydrolyze bacterial peptidoglycan. Here, a long type PGRP (PGRP-L) was first cloned in the lower vertebrate species Xenopus tropicalis (Xt). The XtPGRP-L possessed a conserved genomic structure with five exons and four introns. The alignment and phylogenetic analysis indicated that XtPGRP-L might be a type of amidase-like PGRP. The 3-D model showed that XtPGRP-L possessed a conserved structure compared with the Drosophila PGRP-Lb. During embryonic development, XtPGRP-L was not expressed until the 72 h tadpole stage. In adult tissues, it was strongly expressed in the liver, lung, intestine, and stomach. Furthermore, after LPS stimulation, the expression of XtPGRP-L was up-regulated significantly in the liver, intestine and spleen, indicating that XtPGRP-L may play an important role in the innate immunity of Xenopus tropicalis.
Subject(s)
Carrier Proteins/genetics , Cloning, Molecular , Gene Expression Regulation , Xenopus/genetics , Amino Acid Sequence , Animals , Carrier Proteins/chemistry , Carrier Proteins/metabolism , Drosophila/chemistry , Drosophila/genetics , Drosophila Proteins/chemistry , Drosophila Proteins/genetics , Humans , Molecular Sequence Data , Phylogeny , Sequence Homology, Amino Acid , Xenopus/classification , Xenopus/metabolismABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To discuss the clinical features and surgical treatments of giant coronary artery aneurysm (CAA). METHODS: From July 1996 to October 2004, 6 giant CAA patients were underwent surgery at Fuwai hospital. Three cases were underwent CAA resection, 2 concomitant coronary bypass, 3 reconstruction. The giant CAA was often combined with other cardiac diseases. Four cases underwent additional procedures of fistula closure, 3 aortic valve replacements, 2 aortoplasty and 1 thrombus cleaning at the same time. RESULTS: All patients recovered uneventfully. The mean of cardiopulmonary bypass time was (144 +/- 26) min (range 67 to 207 min). Aortic cross clamping time was (104 +/- 21) min (range 56 to 172 min). Patients follow-up time occurred from 8 to 87 months (mean of 48 months). All patients were free of symptoms during follow-up. None of the patients died during the follow-up period and none of the CAA recurred. CONCLUSIONS: The giant CAA is a serious cardiovascular disease, early diagnosis and surgical treatment are mandatory.
