Development and evaluation of a triplex droplet digital PCR method for differentiation of M. tuberculosis, M. bovis and BCG.

Introduction: Tuberculosis, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC), remains a global health concern in both human and animals. However, the absence of rapid, accurate, and highly sensitive detection methods to differentiate the major pathogens of MTBC, including M. tuberculosis, M. bovis, and BCG, poses a potential challenge. Methods: In this study, we have established a triplex droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR) method employing three types of probe fluorophores, with targets M. tuberculosis (targeting CFP-10-ESAT-6 gene of RD1 and Rv0222 genes of RD4), M. bovis (targeting CFP-10-ESATs-6 gene of RD1), and BCG (targeting Rv3871 and Rv3879c genes of ΔRD1), respectively. Results: Based on optimization of annealing temperature, sensitivity and repeatability, this method demonstrates a lower limit of detection (LOD) as 3.08 copies/reaction for M. tuberculosis, 4.47 copies/reaction for M. bovis and 3.59 copies/reaction for BCG, without cross-reaction to Mannheimia haemolytica, Mycoplasma bovis, Haemophilus parasuis, Escherichia coli, Pasteurella multocida, Ochrobactrum anthropi, Salmonella choleraesuis, Brucella melitensis, and Staphylococcus aureus, and showed repeatability with coefficients of variation (CV) lower than 10%. The method exhibits strong milk sample tolerance, the LOD of detecting in spike milk was 5 × 103 CFU/mL, which sensitivity is ten times higher than the triplex qPCR. 60 clinical DNA samples, including 20 milk, 20 tissue and 20 swab samples, were kept in China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center were tested by the triplex ddPCR and triplex qPCR. The triplex ddPCR presented a higher sensitivity (11.67%, 7/60) than that of the triplex qPCR method (8.33%, 5/60). The positive rates of M. tuberculosis, M. bovis, and BCG were 1.67, 10, and 0% by triplex ddPCR, and 1.67, 6.67, and 0% by triplex qPCR, with coincidence rates of 100, 96.7, and 100%, respectively. Discussion: Our data demonstrate that the established triplex ddPCR method is a sensitive, specific and rapid method for differentiation and identification of M. tuberculosis, M. bovis, and BCG.

Heparin is an effective treatment for preventing liver failure after hepatectomy.

BACKGROUND: Posthepatectomy liver failure (PHLF) is one of the most important causes of death following liver resection. Heparin, an established anticoagulant, can protect liver function through a number of mechanisms, and thus, prevent liver failure. AIM: To look at the safety and efficacy of heparin in preventing hepatic dysfunction after hepatectomy. METHODS: The data was extracted from Multiparameter Intelligent Monitoring in Intensive Care III (MIMIC-III) v1. 4 pinpointed patients who had undergone hepatectomy for liver cancer, subdividing them into two cohorts: Those who were injected with heparin and those who were not. The statistical evaluations used were unpaired t-tests, Mann-Whitney U tests, chi-square tests, and Fisher's exact tests to assess the effect of heparin administration on PHLF, duration of intensive care unit (ICU) stay, need for mechanical ventilation, use of continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT), incidence of hypoxemia, development of acute kidney injury, and ICU mortality. Logistic regression was utilized to analyze the factors related to PHLF, with propensity score matching (PSM) aiming to balance the preoperative disparities between the two groups. RESULTS: In this study, 1388 patients who underwent liver cancer hepatectomy were analyzed. PSM yielded 213 matched pairs from the heparin-treated and control groups. Initial univariate analyses indicated that heparin potentially reduces the risk of PHLF in both matched and unmatched samples. Further analysis in the matched cohorts confirmed a significant association, with heparin reducing the risk of PHLF (odds ratio: 0.518; 95% confidence interval: 0.295-0.910; P = 0.022). Additionally, heparin treatment correlated with improved short-term postoperative outcomes such as reduced ICU stay durations, diminished requirements for respiratory support and CRRT, and lower incidences of hypoxemia and ICU mortality. CONCLUSION: Liver failure is an important hazard following hepatic surgery. During ICU care heparin administration has been proved to decrease the occurrence of hepatectomy induced liver failure. This indicates that heparin may provide a hopeful option for controlling PHLF.

Does the presence of blind-ended vas deferens and spermatic vessels in laparoscopic exploration of non-palpable testes conclusively indicate testicular absence?

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine whether the presence of blind-ended vas deferens and spermatic vessels (VDSV) during laparoscopic exploration of non-palpable testes (NPT) indicates testicular absence or atrophy. Materials and methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on clinical data of patients diagnosed with NPT and treated with surgical intervention at our center from April 2013-April 2023. The dataset encompassed information such as the children's age, affected side, size of the contralateral testis, surgical procedures employed, outcomes, and histopathological examination results. All patients underwent physical examination and ultrasonography preoperatively, followed by a combination of laparoscopic exploration and exploration through inguinal or scrotal incisions during surgery. Long-term follow-up was conducted postoperatively. Results: A total of 476 cases comprising 504 NPT were included in this study: 302 cases on the left side, 146 cases on the right side, and 28 cases bilaterally. All patients underwent surgical treatment within 6-126 months (median 13 months). During laparoscopic exploration, blind-ended VDSV were found in 90 testes (72 on the left side, 18 on the right side), while exploration through inguinal or scrotal incisions revealed 52 (57.8%) testicular nodules with atrophy, which were excised, leaving 38 (42.2%) without any findings. Histopathological examination of atrophic nodules revealed fibrosis as the most common finding in 41 cases (78.8%), followed by involvement of the vas deferens in 33 cases (63.5%), calcification in 24 cases (46.2%), epididymis in 23 cases (44.2%), and hemosiderin deposition in 7 cases (13.6%). Fibrosis, calcification, hemosiderin deposition, involvement of the vas deferens, and epididymis were found in combination in 47 specimens (90.4%). Seminiferous tubules (SNT) were found in 3 specimens (5.7%), and germ cells (GC) were found in 1 specimen (1.9%). Conclusion: The presence of blind-ended VDSV during laparoscopic exploration of NPT does not necessarily indicate testicular absence or disappearance. It is possible that atrophic testicular nodules are located within the inguinal canal or scrotum. This understanding contributes to the management of non-palpable testes. Considering their unpredictable malignant potential, we recommend excision.

Advances in MXene-based technologies for the remediation of toxic phenols: A comprehensive review.

The pressing global issue of organic pollutants, particularly phenolic compounds derived primarily from industrial wastes, poses a significant threat to the environment. Although progress has been made in the development of low-cost materials for phenolic compound removal, their effectiveness remains limited. Thus, there is an urgent need for novel technologies to comprehensively address this issue. In this context, MXenes, known for their exceptional physicochemical properties, have emerged as highly promising candidates for the remediation of phenolic pollutants. This review aims to provide a comprehensive and critical evaluation of MXene-based technologies for the removal of phenolic pollutants, focusing on the following key aspects: (1) The classification and categorization of phenolic pollutants, highlighting their adverse environmental impacts, and emphasizing the crucial need for their removal. (2) An in-depth discussion on the synthesis methods and properties of MXene-based composites, emphasizing their suitability for environmental remediation. (3) A detailed analysis of MXene-based adsorption, catalysis, photocatalysis, and hybrid processes, showcasing current advancements in MXene modification and functionalization to enhance removal efficiency. (4) A thorough examination of the removal mechanisms and stability of MXene-based technologies, elucidating their operating conditions and stability in pollutant removal scenarios. (5) Finally, this review concludes by outlining future challenges and opportunities for MXene-based technologies in water treatment, facilitating their potential applications. This comprehensive review provides valuable insights and innovative ideas for the development of versatile MXene-based technologies tailored to combat water pollution effectively.

Archaeometric characterization of pottery from the Houjiazhai site (ca. 7.3-5.7 ka BP), Anhui Province, China.

A combination of polarized light microscopy (PLM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), neutron activation analysis (NAA) and thermogravimetry (TG) was used on the pottery from the Houjiazhai site in Anhui, China. The analytical data demonstrate that the clay raw material of the Houjiazhai pottery clay was ordinary fusible clay. Phase I pottery consisted of shell-tempered pottery (with a high CaO content), plant-tempered pottery (with a high P2O5 content), and sand-tempered pottery. The pottery body of Houjiazhai was composed of quartz, feldspars, and minor amounts of mica. In addition, the shell-tempered pottery contains calcite. The results of the NAA analysis suggest that the samples from the two phases have the same place of production. The presence of calcite in the mixture indicates that the firing temperature for shell-tempered pottery from Phase I should not exceed 800 °C, while the thermal expansion curve shows that clay pottery from Phase II could reach 900 °C. Houjiazhai people have made progress in temperature control technology and can fire pottery with higher temperatures.

The relationship between health literacy and problematic internet use in Chinese college students: The mediating effect of subject well-being and moderating effect of social support.

BACKGROUND: The issue of problematic Internet use (PIU) amongst college students is emerging as a major concern for mental health. Factors such as health literacy, subjective well-being and the extent of social support may be critical in preventing PIU. However, the complex relationship between these factors has not been extensively explored in research. METHODS: A national cross-sectional study based on multistage random sampling was conducted in China in 2022. The subjects for this study were 7669 college students who completed a set of questionnaires assessing their health literacy, subjective well-being, PIU and social support. A structural equation model (SEM) was utilised for exploring the mediating effect of subjective well-being, and the PROCESS macro was used to test the moderating effect of social support. RESULTS: After controlling for demographic factors, a significantly negative correlation was found between health literacy and PIU, and subjective well-being partially mediated this relationship. In addition, social support was negatively related to PIU and could moderate the relationship between health literacy and subjective well-being and between subjective well-being and PIU. LIMITATIONS: This is a cross-sectional study, and the results cannot inform the causality between these variables. CONCLUSION: Results revealed that the relationship between health literacy and PIU was partially mediated by subjective well-being in college students. The correlation between health literacy and subjective well-being and between subjective well-being and PIU were moderated by social support. Thus, future interventions for college students' PIU should be facilitated by improving health literacy, subjective well-being and social support.

New insights into membrane fouling in coagulation-ultrafiltration by cake characteristics analysis: A case study with PACl-Al13 and PACl.

Membrane fouling is a bottleneck issue that hindered the further application of ultrafiltration technology. To alleviate membrane fouling, coagulation-ultrafiltration (C-UF) process using polyaluminum chloride (PACl) and PACl-Al13 with high proportion of Al13O4(OH)247+ as coagulants, respectively, were investigated at various pH conditions. Results indicated that an increase in solution pH contributed to larger floc size and looser floc structure for both PACl and PACl-Al13. It was conducive to the formation of more porous cake, as evidenced by mean pore area and pore area distribution of cake, leading to lower reversible fouling. Furthermore, humic acid (HA) removal presented a trend of first increasing and then decreasing with the increase of pH. The optimal HA removal was achieved at pH 6 regardless of coagulant type, suggesting that the slightest irreversible fouling should be occurred at this point. Interestingly, the irreversible fouling with PACl coagulant achieved a minimum value at pH 9, while the minimal irreversible fouling with PACl-Al13 was observed at pH 6. We speculated that the cake formed by PACl could further intercept HA prior to UF process at alkaline pH. Furthermore, compared with PACl, PACl-Al13 had a stronger charge neutralization ability, thus contributing to more compact floc structure and higher HA removal at various pH conditions. By UF fractionation measurement, higher HA removal for PACl-Al13 was due to higher removal of HA with molecular weight less than 50 kDa.

Screening of potentially active compounds against rheumatoid arthritis in the Juan-Bi decoction using systems pharmacology and animal experiments.

Background: The Juan-Bi decoction (JBD) is a classic traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) prescription for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, the active compounds of the JBD in RA treatment remain unclear. Aim: The aim of this study is to screen effective compounds in the JBD for RA treatment using systems pharmacology and experimental approaches. Method: Botanical drugs and compounds in the JBD were acquired from multiple public TCM databases. All compounds were initially screened using absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) and physicochemical properties, and then a target prediction was performed. RA pathological genes were acquired from the DisGeNet database. Potential active compounds were screened by constructing a compound-target-pathogenic gene (C-T-P) network and calculating the cumulative interaction intensity of the compounds on pathogenic genes. The effectiveness of the compounds was verified using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW.264.7 cells and collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mouse models. Results: We screened 15 potentially active compounds in the JBD for RA treatment. These compounds primarily act on multiple metabolic pathways, immune pathways, and signaling transduction pathways. Furthermore, in vivo and in vitro experiments showed that bornyl acetate (BAC) alleviated joint damage, and inflammatory cells infiltrated and facilitated a smooth cartilage surface via the suppression of the steroid hormone biosynthesis. Conclusion: We screened potential compounds in the JBD for the treatment of RA using systems pharmacology approaches. In particular, BAC had an anti-rheumatic effect, and future studies are required to elucidate the underlying mechanisms.

Discriminating Tensor Spectral Clustering for High-Dimension-Low-Sample-Size Data.

Tensor spectral clustering (TSC) is a recently proposed approach to robustly group data into underlying clusters. Unlike the traditional spectral clustering (SC), which merely uses pairwise similarities of data in an affinity matrix, TSC aims at exploring their multiwise similarities in an affinity tensor to achieve better performance. However, the performance of TSC highly relies on the design of multiwise similarities, and it remains unclear especially for high-dimension-low-sample-size (HDLSS) data. To this end, this article has proposed a discriminating TSC (DTSC) for HDLSS data. Specifically, DTSC uses the proposed discriminating affinity tensor that encodes the pair-to-pair similarities, which are particularly constructed by the anchor-based distance. HDLSS asymptotic analysis shows that the proposed affinity tensor can explicitly differentiate samples from different clusters when the feature dimension is large. This theoretical property allows DTSC to improve the clustering performance on HDLSS data. Experimental results on synthetic and benchmark datasets demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed method in comparison to several baseline methods.

Synergistic degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid in water by interfacial pre-reduction enhanced peroxymonosulfate activation derived from novel zero-valent iron/biochar.

Iron-based biochar exhibits great potential in degrading emerging pollutants and remediation of water environments. In this study, a highly efficient catalytic Fe0/biochar (MZB-800) was synthesized by the co-pyrolysis of poplar sawdust and K2FeO4 at 800 °C. A novel water purification technology of pre-reduction followed by PMS activation for MZB-800 was proposed to degrade the refractory 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) pesticide. The corrosive effect of the strong oxidizing potassium salt endowed the MZB-800 surface with more Fe0 and porous structure, achieving greater 2,4-D adsorption binding energy. The removal efficiency of MZB-800 on 2,4-D was greater than that of biochar (BC) and conventional Fe0/biochar (Fe-BC) prepared by FeCl3·6 H2O as the precursor. The proposed novel water purification technology showed the synergistic effect between the interfacial pre-reduction and the PMS activation derived by MZB-800. Regarding 2,4-D degradation and dechlorination performance, the synergistic coefficient between pre-reduction and subsequent PMS activation for MZB-800 were 2 and 1.4 respectively. Based on the normalized kinetic analysis and the Langmuir-Hinshelwood model, we proposed the underlying mechanism of MZB-800 interfacial pre-reduction and subsequent PMS activation for synergistic removal of 2,4-D. The large amount of Fe2+ and hydroxyl density accumulated by the Fe0 and hydroquinone structures on the MZB-800 surface during the pre-reduction stage provided abundant active sites for the subsequent activation of PMS. The improved activation reaction rate generated more reactive oxygen species, further strengthening the removal efficiency of 2,4-D. This work manifested that the novel water purification technology of pre-reduction/PMS activation of iron-based biochar is feasible for removing emerging pollutants in the water environment. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATION: Extensive abuse of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) herbicide with high solubility and refractory degradation has caused environmental pollution and ecological deterioration. This manuscript described a novel water purification technology, centered on high-efficiency Fe0/biochar and utilizing pre-reduction and PMS reactivation strategies to synergistically degrade 2,4-D, which had strong environmental relevance. By elucidating the synergistic removal mechanism, the research provided valuable insights into removing emerging pollutants, thus promoting environmental sustainability and safeguarding ecosystem health. Overall, it is of high importance to provide a feasible and efficient method for removing hazardous 2,4-D from water environments, which contributes to addressing pressing environmental problems.

A novel insight of degradation ibuprofen in aqueous by catalytic ozonation with supported catalyst: Supports effect on ozone mass transfer.

Catalytic ozonation is an effective wastewater purification process. However, the low ozone mass transfer in packed bubble columns leads to low ozone utilization efficiency (OUE), poor organic degradation performance, and high energy consumption. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop efficient supported catalysts that can enhance mass transfer and performance. However, the reaction mechanism of the support on ozone mass transfer remains unclear, which hinders the development of catalytic ozonation applications. In this study, lava rocks (LR)-supported catalysts, specifically CuMn2O4@LR and MnO2Co3O4@LR, were proposed for catalytic ozonation of IBP degradation due to their superior catalytic activity, stability, and high OUE. Addition of CuMn2O4@LR or MnO2Co3O4@LR increased IBP removal efficiency from 85% to 91% or 88%, and reduced energy consumption from 2.86 to 2.14 kWh/m3 or 2.60 kWh/m3, respectively. This improvement was attributed to LR-supported catalysts enhancing mass transfer and promoting O3 decomposition to generate •OH and •O2-, leading to IBP degradation. Furthermore, this study investigated the effects of ozone dose, supporter sizes, and catalyst components on ozone-liquid mass transfer. The results revealed that the size of the supporter influenced stacked porosity and consequently affected ozone mass transfer. Larger-sized LR (kLa= 0.172 min-1) exhibited better mass transfer compared to smaller-sized supports. Based on these findings, it was concluded that both CuMn2O4@LR and MnO2Co3O4@LR are potential catalysts for catalytic ozonation in residual IBP degradation of pharmaceutical wastewater, and LR showed good credibility as a catalyst supporter. Understanding the effects of supporters and active components on ozone mass transfer provides a fundamental principle for designing supported catalysts in catalytic ozonation applications.

LINC00525 enhances ZNF460-regulated CD24 expression through the sponge miR-125a-5p to promote malignant progression of breast cancer.

INTRODUCTION: CD24 is a highly glycosylated glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchored membrane protein that plays an important role in tumor progression. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of abnormal expression of CD24 on the proliferation, migration and invasion of breast cancer (BC) cells, and the molecular mechanism of regulating CD24 expression in breast cancer. METHODOLOGY: The bioinformatics method was used to predict the expression level of CD24 in BC and its relationship with the occurrence and development of BC. IHC, RT-qPCR and WB were used to detect the expression of CD24 in BC tissues and cells. The proliferation of CD24 was evaluated by CCK-8 and colony formation assay, and the migration and invasion of CD24 were evaluated by wound healing and transwell. In addition, the effect of CD24 on the malignancy of BC in vivo was further evaluated by subcutaneous tumorigenesis assay. Molecular mechanisms were measured by luciferase reporter assays, biotin-labeled miRNA pull-down assay, RIP, and western blotting. RESULTS: The results show that CD24 is highly expressed in breast cancer tissues and cell lines, and knockdown of CD24 in vivo and in vitro can inhibit the proliferation, migration and invasion of BC cells. Mechanistically, the transcription factor ZNF460 promotes its expression by binding to the CD24 promoter, and the expression of ZNF460 is regulated by miR-125a-5p, which inhibits its expression by targeting the 3'UTR of ZNF460. In addition, LINC00525 acts as a ceRNA sponge to adsorb miR-125a-5p and regulate its expression. CONCLUSIONS: Overexpression of CD24 is involved in the development and poor prognosis of BC, which can be used as a potential target for the treatment of BC and provide a theoretical basis for the treatment of BC.

Petrocodonliboensis (Gesneriaceae), a new species from Guizhou, China.

Petrocodonliboensis Sheng H.Tang & Jia W.Yang is a new species of Gesneriaceae from Guizhou, southwestern China. The new taxon has a pale-yellow corolla and is most similar to P.luteoflorus. However, it differs from the latter by having a urceolate (vs. cannulate) corolla tube, an abaxial corolla lip 0.8-1.1 mm (vs. 2-2.2 mm) long, and filaments 1.5-1.7 mm (vs. ca. 7 mm) long that are straight (vs. S-shaped or geniculate near the middle). The new taxon is assessed as "Data Deficient" (DD) according to the IUCN standards.

Combined clinical significance of MRI and serum mannose-binding lectin in the prediction of spinal tuberculosis.

BACKGROUND: Spinal tuberculosis (STB) is a local manifestation of systemic infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, accounting for a significant proportion of joint tuberculosis cases. This study aimed to explore the diagnostic value of MRI combined with mannose-binding lectin (MBL) for STB. METHODS: 124 patients suspected of having STB were collected and divided into STB and non-STB groups according to their pathological diagnosis. Serum MBL levels were measured using ELISA and a Pearson analysis was constructed to determine the correlation between MBL and STB. ROC was plotted to analyze their diagnostic value for STB. All the subjects included in the study underwent an MRI. RESULTS: The sensitivity of MRI for the diagnosis of STB was 84.38% and specificity was 86.67%. The serum MBL levels of the patients in the STB group were significantly lower than the levels in the non-STB group. ROC analysis results indicated that serum MBL's area under the curve (AUC) for diagnosis of STB was 0.836, with a sensitivity of 82.3% and a specificity was 77.4%. The sensitivity of MRI combined with MBL diagnosis was 96.61%, and the specificity was 92.31%, indicating that combining the two diagnostic methods was more effective than using either one alone. CONCLUSIONS: Both MRI and MBL had certain diagnostic values for STB, but their combined use resulted in a diagnostic accuracy than either one alone.

Diagnostic value of carbohydrate antigen 50 in biliary tract cancer: A large-scale multicenter study.

BACKGROUND: To date, carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) have been widely used for the screening, diagnosis and prediction of biliary tract cancer (BTC) patients. However, few studies with large sample sizes of carbohydrate antigen 50 (CA50) were reported in BTC patients. METHODS: A total of 1121 patients from the Liver Cancer Clin-Bio Databank of Anhui Hepatobiliary Surgery Union between January 2017 and December 2022 were included in this study (673 in the training cohort and 448 in the validation cohort): among them, 458 with BTC, 178 with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), 23 with combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma, and 462 with nontumor patients. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and decision curve analysis (DCA) were used to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy and clinical usefulness. RESULTS: ROC curves obtained by combining CA50, CA19-9, and AFP showed that the AUC value of the diagnostic MODEL 1 was 0.885 (95% CI 0.856-0.885, specificity 70.3%, and sensitivity 84.0%) in the training cohort and 0.879 (0.841-0.917, 76.7%, and 84.3%) in the validation cohort. In addition, comparing iCCA and HCC (235 in the training cohort, 157 in the validation cohort), the AUC values of the diagnostic MODEL 2 were 0.893 (95% CI 0.853-0.933, specificity 96%, and sensitivity 68.6%) in the training cohort and 0.872 (95% CI 0.818-0.927, 94.2%, and 64.6%) in the validation cohort. CONCLUSION: The model combining CA50, CA19-9, and AFP not only has good diagnostic value for BTC but also has good diagnostic value for distinguishing iCCA and HCC.

Green space exposure and Chinese residents' physical activity participation: empirical evidence from a health geography perspective.

Background: With continuous efforts made to promote the strategic goals of carbon neutrality and carbon peak, it is crucial to meet the growing and diversified needs of the public for fitness by practicing the concept of green development and promote the combination of national fitness and ecological civilization. Methods: To achieve this purpose, an OLS regression model was applied to estimate the role of green space exposure in Chinese residents' participation in physical activity and its underlying mechanisms, using the microdata from the China General Social Survey (CGSS) data and the Provincial Vegetation Cover Index (NDVI) matched macrostatistical data. Results: The empirical results show that green space exposure significantly increases the probability of residents' physical activity participation, and creating a green environment is conducive to creating a favorable physical activity environment for residents. Also, the core conclusions still hold after the year-by-year regression test is passed and the endogeneity problem is addressed. As revealed by mechanistic studies, green space exposure has indirect effects on the physical activity participation of residents through the independent mediating roles of reducing carbon emissions and promoting social interaction. According to heterogeneity results, males, those in marriage, and urban dweller groups are more inclined to perform physical activity in green spaces. Conclusion: The results show that the exposure of green space can help increase the probability of residents' participation in physical exercise, and can that it achieved through two channels: reducing carbon emissions and enhancing social interaction. It is necessary to further strengthen the protection of the ecological lifestyle, give full play to the advantages of greenness and low-carbon, and create favorable conditions for the green development of a new model of national fitness.

Anti-Interleukin 17A Biologic Therapy Attempts on Livedoid Vasculopathy: A Report of Case Series.

The application of biologics such as anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) has shown great efficacy in livedoid vasculopathy (LV). However, new biological options need to be identified for those with a high tuberculosis reactivation risk. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of anti-17A biologics for LV therapy. Two patients with LV who were irresponsive to traditional anticoagulation therapy were studied at the outpatient dermatology clinic of Peking Union Medical College Hospital. All patients received anti-17A biological therapy for at least two-four weeks. Both patients reported an exacerbation of the skin lesions, which might indicate that the IL-17 pathway plays a critical role in LV pathogenesis.

Online Compositional Analysis of Complex Oligomers in Biomass Degradation by High-Pressure Flow-Through Reactor Coupled with High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry.

Online analysis of the composition and evolution of complex oligomeric intermediates in biomass degradation is highly desirable to elucidate the mechanism of bond cleavage and study the effect of conditions on the selective conversion of feedstocks. However, harsh reaction conditions and complicated conversion systems pose tremendous challenges for conventional, state-of-the-art analytical techniques. Herein, we introduce a continuous and rapid compositional analysis strategy coupling a high-pressure flow-through reactor with online high-resolution mass spectrometry, which enables the molecular-level characterization of most biomass-related products throughout the conversion for over 2 h. Catalytic depolymerization of one model compound was studied, and temperature-dependent data of over 50 intermediates as well as recondensation dimers and oligomers were obtained, which have rarely been reported in the literature. Thousands of products during the flow-through conversion of birch wood with molecular weights up to 1000 Da were presented, and 8 typical lignin dimers and oligomers with various interunit linkages were identified at the molecular level, demonstrating the potential to analyze more complicated systems far beyond conventional methods, especially for complex oligomers. The continuous evolutions of different components and typical products were unveiled for the first time, providing valuable insights into the investigation of the structure, composition, and decomposition mechanism of lignocellulose as well as the influence of reaction conditions. This method leads to the previously unattained ability to probe and reveal complicated chemical compositions in high-pressure reactions and can be applied to all other high-pressure heterogeneous aqueous reactions.

Multiview Tensor Spectral Clustering via Co-regularization.

Graph-based multi-view clustering encodes multi-view data into sample affinities to find consensus representation, effectively overcoming heterogeneity across different views. However, traditional affinity measures tend to collapse as the feature dimension expands, posing challenges in estimating a unified alignment that reveals both crossview and inner relationships. To tackle this challenge, we propose to achieve multi-view uniform clustering via consensus representation coregularization. First, the sample affinities are encoded by both popular dyadic affinity and recent high-order affinities to comprehensively characterize spatial distributions of the HDLSS data. Second, a fused consensus representation is learned through aligning the multi-view lowdimensional representation by co-regularization. The learning of the fused representation is modeled by a high-order eigenvalue problem within manifold space to preserve the intrinsic connections and complementary correlations of original data. A numerical scheme via manifold minimization is designed to solve the high-order eigenvalue problem efficaciously. Experiments on eight HDLSS datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed method in comparison with the recent thirteen benchmark methods.