Subject(s)
Autoimmune Diseases/immunology , HLA-DRB1 Chains/genetics , Insulin/immunology , Polymorphism, Genetic , Antithyroid Agents/adverse effects , Antithyroid Agents/therapeutic use , Asian People/genetics , Autoimmune Diseases/drug therapy , Glucose Tolerance Test , Graves Disease/drug therapy , Graves Disease/immunology , HLA-DRB1 Chains/immunology , Humans , Iodine Radioisotopes/therapeutic use , Male , Methimazole/adverse effects , Methimazole/therapeutic use , Syndrome , Young AdultABSTRACT
Interspecific hybrids between Cucumis hystrix Chakr. (2n = 2 x = 24) and Cucumis sativus L. (2n = 2 x = 14) were produced by means of F(1) (2n = 19) embryo rescue and subsequent chromosome doubling. The hybridity was confirmed by genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) and chromosome analysis. The amphidiploid (2n = 38) was self-pollinated and backcrossed to cucumber resulting in lines with improved crossability to C. sativus. Examination of shape, stainability, and germination rate of pollen grains and yield as a function of mature fruit set per ten pollinated flowers indicated a tendency for increased fertility in BC(1)S(1) progeny when compared to F(1) and amphidiploid offspring. Cytogenetic characterization of F(1) and amphidiploid progeny was performed. Generally normal meioses produced viable pollen grains, and fertilization resulted in partial fertility restoration in amphidiploid progeny. Chromosome anomalies such as "frying-pan trivalent", chromosome lagging and spindle mis-orientation were also observed. In most of the PMCs of the F(1) diploid hybrid progeny, 19 univalents were observed at diakinesis and MI. In the amphidiploid, more than 90% of the configurations at MI consisted of the predicted 19 bivalents and less than 5% contained multivalents [trivalents (2.3%) + quadrivalents (0.3%)], suggesting the presence of preferential pairing, and a distinctive parental genome as well. The chiasmata observed between homoeologous chromosomes further demonstrated the introgression of the C. hystrix genome into that of C. sativus.
Subject(s)
Cucumis/genetics , Chimera , Chromosome Aberrations , Chromosome Mapping , Chromosomes/ultrastructure , Crosses, Genetic , Cucumis/ultrastructure , Fertility , In Situ Hybridization , Meiosis , Nucleic Acid Hybridization , Pollen , Species Specificity , TemperatureABSTRACT
Las células dendríticas se vienen usando como adyuvantes naturales para inducir respuestas inmunitarias con utilidad terapéutica. Para conseguir esto, los genes que codifican para antígenos relevantes son transfectados en células dendríticas mediante vectores virales y no virales. Los adenovirus recombinantes defectivos que codifican para antígenos o citoquinas se utilizan con gran eficiencia para transfectar ex vivo células dendríticas. Aquí hemos estudiado los efectos de infectar células dendríticas humanas y murinas con adenovirus que codifican para el gen reportero -galactosidasa (AdCMVLacZ). La infección con AdCMVLacZ induce la translocación nuclear de diferentes factores de transcripción de la familia de NF -B, a través la inducción de fosforilación de I -B según se demuestra mediante geles de retardo de movilidad e inmunoblots. La activación de NF- B se indujo también con capsides virales semipurificadas o adenovirus sin transgén, pero no mediante un adenovirus que codifica para un inhibidor dominante negativo de I -B (AdCMVI -B). A diferencia de AdCMVI B , AdCMVLacZ induce aumentos en la expresión de CD40, CD80 y CD86 con aumentos menos significativos de MHC clase II. También induce la expresión de IL-6 pero no de TNF ni IL-12. Estos cambios hacen que las células dendríticas sean más eficientes en inducir proliferación en MLR alogénicos. Nuestros resultados muestran que los adenovirus recombinantes inducen de forma independiente de transgén, cambios en el status madurativo de células dendríticas humanas y murinas que son relevantes para sus funciones. (AU)
