Research on the influence of hospitalization satisfaction of surgical patients based on 5W1H theory.

OBJECTIVE: This paper combines the 5W1H method to study the influencing factors of hospitalization satisfaction of surgical patients, in order to improve their quality of hospitalization. PATIENTS AND METHODS: 100 surgical patients were selected from Henan Provincial People's Hospital, and they were randomly divided into the test group and the control group, with 50 cases in each group. The 5W1H and 5WHY hospitalization guidance interventions are used in the test group, and conventional hospitalization interventions are used in the control group. The psychological status, sleep quality, and bleeding volume of the two groups of test subjects were statistically analyzed. RESULTS: The test research shows that compared with the control group, the test group showed better results than the control group considering mental state, sleep quality, and bleeding volume. The results are significantly different (p<0.05). The research shows that 5W1H can effectively improve mental health, sleep quality, and the satisfaction of hospitalized patients, which has certain clinical practical significance. CONCLUSIONS: The satisfaction survey shows that satisfaction with postoperative hospitalization guidance intervention methods based on the 5W1H and the 5WHY is much higher than that of traditional hospitalization guidance interventions, and the degree of patient cooperation is higher. The 5W1H and the 5WHY-based postoperative hospitalization guidance interventions can help patients improve their awareness of postoperative hospitalization guidance methods and reduce patients' doubts about hospitalization staff.

Urea free synthesis of chitin-based acrylate superabsorbent polymers under homogeneous conditions: Effects of the degree of deacetylation and the molecular weight.

In order to understand the chemical structure of chitin-based acrylate superabsorbent polymers (SAP), chitin was dissolved in NaOH aqueous solution via freezing-thawing cyclic treatment without urea, subsequently, a transparent hydrogel was prepared by copolymerizing the alkali-chitin solution and acrylic acid directly. The effects of the degree of deacetylation (DDA) and the molecular weight (Mw) of chitin on the properties of SAP were investigated in detail. With increasing the DDA and Mw, the yield improved while the water absorbency decreased, yet the effect of DDA is insignificant if the Mw is smaller enough. The structures were characterized by FT-IR, XRD, TG, DSC, XPS, solid-state 13C NMR and elemental analyses. The results indicated that the poly(acrylic acid) chains were successfully grafted onto the chitin backbones, and the reaction sites were the NH2 on the chitosan units. The possible mechanism was further discussed, which was similar to that suggested for chitosan-g-poly(acrylic acid) SAP.

Origins and patterns of spontaneous and drug-induced canine gastric myoelectrical dysrhythmia.

The aim of this study was to investigate the characteristics and orientation of gastric dysrhythmia using multichannel serosal recordings in dogs. Ten dogs chronically implanted with four to eight pairs of electrodes were studied. Gastric slow waves were recorded in four sessions: postsurgical and after atropine, vasopressin, and glucagon. A total of 554.7 min of bradygastria, 201 min of tachygastria and 22.3 min of arrhythmia were observed in the recordings. The majority of bradygastria (80.5 +/- 9.4%) originated in the proximal stomach (P < 0.04, vs other locations) and propagated all the way to the distal antrum. In contrast, tachygastria mainly originated in the distal antrum (80.6 +/- 8.8%) (P < 0.04, vs other locations) and propagated partially or all the way to the proximal stomach. Dysrhythmia appeared intermittently with normal gastric slow waves. In all recordings, normal slow waves were present 38.0 +/- 5.3% of the time, while bradygastria, tachygastria, and arrhythmia were present 35.9 +/- 5.3%, 23.0 +/- 1.6%, and 2.4 +/- 0.5% of the time, respectively. The prevalence of dysrhythmia was highest in the distal antrum (80.4%) (P < 0.01) and lowest in the proximal part of the stomach. In conclusion, tachygastria originates from an ectopic pacemaker in the distal antrum. It may completely or partially override the normal slow waves. Bradygastria is attributed to a decrease in the frequency of the normal pacemaker in the corpus. The prevalence of gastric dysrhythmia is different in different locations of the stomach and is highest in the distal antrum.

Clonidine inhibits postprandial response of antral myoelectrical activity.

Clonidine, an alpha2-adrenergic agonist, is known to inhibit gastric motility and delay gastric emptying in both humans and animals, but its effect on gastric myoelectric activity is unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of clonidine on postprandial gastric myoelectric activity. The experiment was performed in eight hound dogs (14.5-22.6 kg) implanted with three pairs of bipolar serosal electrodes with an interval of 4 cm and the most distal pair 2 cm above the pylorus. Each dog was studied twice on two separate days after a complete recovery from surgery. Gastric myoelectrical activity was recorded for 30 min in the fasting state and 90 min after a solid test meal of 838 kcal. Two tablets of clonidine (0.4 mg) were given with the meal in one of the sessions. The dominant frequency and power of the slow waves from the most distal pair were calculated by computerized spectral analysis. All data were expressed as mean +/- SE. A significant postprandial increase in the dominant power of the slow wave and an increase in the percentages of gastric slow waves with spike bursts were observed in the control session, whereas the dominant frequency of gastric slow waves showed a significant postprandial decrease after the meal. The dominant power increased 8.24+/-0.5, 8.6+/-0.2, and 7.5+/-0.3 dB, respectively, in the first, and second, and third 30-min period after the meal (all P < 0.01 vs baseline). Clonidine completely abolished the postprandial increase in the dominant power of the gastric slow wave and significantly inhibited spike bursts. The dominant power only increased 2.4+/-1.1 dB (P > 0.05 vs baseline; P < 0.01 vs the first postprandial period in the control session), 0.6+/-1.5 dB (P > 0.05 vs baseline; P < 0.05 vs the second postprandial period in the control session) and -1.5+/-2.2 dB (P > 0.05 vs baseline; P < 0.05 vs the third postprandial period in the control session) respectively during the first, second, and third periods after the meal and clonidine. However, it did not affect the postprandial change of the dominant frequency of gastric slow waves. No significant changes in percentage of regular slow waves were noted with the meal or with clonidine (P > 0.05). In conclusion, the postprandial response of gastric myoelectrical activity in dogs to a solid meal is featured with an increase in amplitude and spike bursts, which is inhibited by clonidine.

Postprandial response of jejunal slow waves and mediation via cholinergic mechanism.

The postprandial characteristics of jejunal myoelectrical activity and its mediation via cholinergic nerves were investigated in this study. Four pairs of bipolar electrodes were implanted on the serosa of the proximal jejunum of nine female hound dogs (14-22 kg). In the control session, the recording of jejunal myoelectrical activity was made for 30 min in the fasting state and for 90 min after a solid meal (0.45 kg, 838 kcal). The study session followed the same protocol except that a bolus of 0.25 mg/kg atropine was injected intravenously 30 min after the meal. Computerized spectral analysis was performed to calculate the frequency, power, and percentage of 17-22 cycles/min (cpm) slow waves. A special artificial neural network program was applied to compute the spike bursts superimposed on slow waves. All data were expressed as mean +/- SE. The postprandial frequency of the jejunal slow waves was significantly increased from 18.42 +/- 0.28 cpm in the fasting state to 18.95 +/- 0.22, 19.28 +/-0.23, and 19.28 +/- 0.22 cpm during the first, second, and third 30-min periods after the meal (all P < 0.03 in comparison with the fasting state). The percentage of the slow waves superimposed with spike bursts was increased from 19.33 +/- 3.90% at fasting state to 35.16 +/-2.76%, 32.87 +/- 4.06%, and 34.88 +/- 3.51% during the first, second, and third 30-min periods after the meal (all P < 0.03 in comparison with fasting state). Atropine abolished the postprandial increases in the frequency of slow waves and the number of spike bursts. No significant postprandial changes in the power and the percentage of 17-22 cpm slow waves were observed. In conclusion, the postprandial response of the jejunal slow waves after a solid meal presents as an increase of the frequency of slow waves and the number of the spike bursts which can be abolished by atropine, and the postprandial response of the jejunal slow waves is a neural reflex dominantly mediated via vagal cholinergic nerves.

A hypothesis on the pathogenesis of cancer: cancer might arise following an event of normal somatic cell fusing.

From the analysis and comparison of biological and abnormal chromosomal behaviour between cancer and hybrid cells, I hypothesize that cancer cells might arise from a hybrid cell which comes from normal somatic cell fusion, but obtains a proliferative advantage, a poorly-differentiated state and metastatic capacity. Furthermore, I put forward the concept that the hybridization between tissue cells and the peripheral blood stem cells may be more likely to generate malignant hybrids.

[Effect of electroacupuncture at zusanli (ST36) point in regulating the pylorus peristaltic function].

The effect of electroacupunture at Zusanli (ST36) point in regulating the human pylorus sphincter pressure was investigated in this study by means of the endoscopic manometry. The result showed: After electrostimulating Zusanli point, the amplitude of the low wave of pylorus sphincter pressure was raised and the amplitude of the high wave was reduced significantly while the amplitude of the middle wave did not reveal significant change, compared with the results of the controls and the non-acupuncture point group. It is indicated that Zusanli point may have dual effect on the regulation of the pylorus peristaltic function, which expressed itself as enhancing the hypofunction and weakening the hyperfunction of pylorus peristalsis.