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2.
Aliment Pharmacol Ther ; 55(11): 1414-1422, 2022 06.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35187668

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Infantile-onset inflammatory bowel disease can be caused by defects in interleukin-10 signalling. The natural history and clinical outcomes of allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation, medical treatment and surgery have not been thoroughly described. AIMS: This study evaluates disease progression and clinical outcome in patients with interleukin-10 signalling deficiency. METHODS: One hundred and nine patients with interleukin-10 signalling deficiency were retrospectively reviewed from a single tertiary centre. The Kaplan-Meier method was applied to calculate probabilities of survival and interval between transplant and stoma closure. RESULTS: One hundred and nine patients were reviewed, and 102 patients were included in the survival analysis. One hundred and eight patients were identified with IL10RA mutations, and one patient harboured IL10RB mutation. Seventy-three patients received haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The overall survival after transplantation was 64.2% (95% confidence interval, 52.8 to 75.6), and without transplantation, it was 47.5% (95% confidence interval, 14.8 to 80.2, P = 0.47). The median timeframe between transplant and stoma closure was 19.6 months. The probability of survival was significantly lower in patients with perforation (P < 0.001), ileus (P = 0.038) and without thalidomide treatment (P < 0.001) among patients who did not receive haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The survival probability was not associated with timeframe between transplant and onset, graft source and genotypes. CONCLUSIONS: The survival probability was not significantly different between patients with transplantation and the non-transplanted patients.


Subject(s)
Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation , Inflammatory Bowel Diseases , Humans , Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/genetics , Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/surgery , Interleukin-10/genetics , Mutation , Retrospective Studies , Treatment Outcome
3.
Appl Neuropsychol Adult ; 29(1): 83-89, 2022.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31945304

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a heterogeneous entity that can be categorized into related but different subtypes. In this study, we analyzed the gray matter structural changes of amnestic MCI (aMCI) and non-amnestic MCI (naMCI), and how it resulted in diverse cognitive impairment. METHODS: Altogether 77 individuals were recruited, including 28 cognitively normal controls (NC), 25 naMCI subjects, and 24 aMCI subjects. All participants underwent a 3.0 T magnetic resonance (MR) scan and a detailed neuropsychological examination. Cortical thickness and subcortical nuclei volume were extracted by Freesurfer software and compared among groups. The areas with significant differences were further analyzed by general linear regression to identify the risk factors of each cognitive impairment subtypes. RESULTS: Significant differences were observed in bilateral hippocampi, amygdala, thalamus, accumbens, left transverse temporal gyrus and left precuneus among groups. AMCI and naMCI were significantly different in the right hippocampus, bilateral amygdala, left precuneus, and left transverse temporal gyrus. Linear regression analysis revealed that the atrophy of left precuneus was a risk factor of memory, executive function (EF) and visuospatial impairment (p < 0.001). The atrophy of left amygdala, right accumbens and left thalamus were risk factors of memory, EF and language impairment respectively (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: These findings confirmed that different gray matter structural changes could lead to specific neuropsychological features in MCI subtypes. Thorough understanding of MCI subtypes and the underlying pathology would be beneficial for precise diagnosis and intervention.


Subject(s)
Cognitive Dysfunction , Gray Matter , Atrophy/pathology , Brain/diagnostic imaging , Brain/pathology , Cognition , Cognitive Dysfunction/diagnostic imaging , Cognitive Dysfunction/pathology , Gray Matter/diagnostic imaging , Gray Matter/pathology , Humans , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Neuropsychological Tests
4.
Front Pediatr ; 9: 744599, 2021.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34966700

ABSTRACT

Background: Infliximab is an effective therapy for Crohn's disease (CD). Early non-invasive predictors of disease remission allow for modification of treatments. The aim of this study was to investigate the associations between genetic variants, pharmacokinetics, and infliximab efficacy in pediatric patients with CD. Methods: This retrospective observational study included CD patients under infliximab therapy between August 2015 and December 2020. Information on demographics, laboratory tests, medication data, and disease activity index was collected. The trough levels of infliximab (TLI) and antibodies to infliximab (ATI) were measured at week 14, and reactive drug monitoring was performed during follow-up. Ten single-nucleotide polymorphisms involved in the NF-κB-mediated inflammatory response, pharmacokinetics, and therapeutic response to infliximab were genotyped. Results: A total of 62 pediatric CD patients were enrolled. The clinical remission (CR) rate was 69.4 and 63.2% at week 14 and week 30, respectively. TLI at week 14 was significantly independently associated with CR at week 14 and mucosal healing (MH) at week 30 (p = 0.007 and p = 0.025, respectively). The optimal TLI threshold level capable of distinguishing between the CR and non-CR groups was 2.62 µg/ml (p < 0.001, area under the curve = 0.79, sensitivity = 69.2%, specificity = 78.9%), while that capable of distinguishing between the MH and non-MH groups was 3.34 µg/ml (p < 0.001, area under the curve = 0.85, sensitivity = 78.6%, specificity = 79.4%). Rs3397 in TNFRSF1B was associated with time to ATI production in CD patients (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Higher TLI contributed to achieving MH. Genotyping rs3397 in TNFRSF1B may identify patients who are prone to generating immunogenicity to drugs.

5.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A ; 116(12): 5558-5563, 2019 03 19.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30819895

ABSTRACT

CD3+CD4-CD8- T cells (double-negative T cells; DNTs) have diverse functions in peripheral immune-related diseases by regulating immunological and inflammatory homeostasis. However, the functions of DNTs in the central nervous system remain unknown. Here, we found that the levels of DNTs were dramatically increased in both the brain and peripheral blood of stroke patients and in a mouse model in a time-dependent manner. The infiltrating DNTs enhanced cerebral immune and inflammatory responses and exacerbated ischemic brain injury by modulating the FasL/PTPN2/TNF-α signaling pathway. Blockade of this pathway limited DNT-mediated neuroinflammation and improved the outcomes of stroke. Our results identified a critical function of DNTs in the ischemic brain, suggesting that this unique population serves as an attractive target for the treatment of ischemic stroke.


Subject(s)
Brain Ischemia/immunology , CD3 Complex/immunology , Stroke/immunology , T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology , Aged, 80 and over , Animals , Brain/immunology , CD4 Antigens/immunology , CD8 Antigens/immunology , Disease Models, Animal , Female , Humans , Inflammation/immunology , Male , Mice , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Microglia/immunology , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism
6.
Ticks Tick Borne Dis ; 10(2): 454-461, 2019 02.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30611724

ABSTRACT

This study reports the etiological identification, clinical diagnosis, and the results of the local epidemiological surveillance of the first case of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) infection in 2014 in Hunan Province, China. The infected patient was isolated and closely monitored. The virus is a member of the Bunyaviridae sandfly family and is characterized by real-time PCR, electron microscopy, immunofluorescence, and whole-genome sequencing. We also detected IgG and IgM antibodies against SFTSV among the local human population and domestic animals in a serological surveillance. Prevalence of SFTSV-specific antibodies was monitored in the local population for two years after the identification of the first SFTS case. Approximately 5% (4/77) of the people who had direct contact with the patient were seropositive, which is significantly higher than the seropositivity of the general local population [1.57% (44/2800), P < 0.05]. Furthermore, the percentage of the general population who were seropositive was higher in 2015 than in 2014 (χ2 = 7.481, P = 0.006). The epidemiological investigation found that the SFTSV is epidemic in goats, cattle, and chickens in Hunan Province. The risk of infection of domestic animals can be minimized by feeding in pens rather than allowing foraging.


Subject(s)
Antibodies, Viral/blood , Bunyaviridae Infections/diagnosis , Epidemiological Monitoring , Phlebovirus/isolation & purification , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Animals , Animals, Domestic/virology , Bunyaviridae Infections/epidemiology , Child , Child, Preschool , China/epidemiology , Farmers , Female , Fever , Humans , Immunoglobulin G/blood , Immunoglobulin M/blood , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Male , Microscopy, Electron , Middle Aged , Phlebovirus/genetics , Prevalence , Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction , Seroepidemiologic Studies , Serologic Tests , Young Adult
7.
Sichuan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban ; 49(5): 808-811, 2018 Sep.
Article in Chinese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30378347

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To understand the etiology, clinical prognosis and risk factors of adult community-acquired acute bacterial meningitis (ABM) and provide the evidence for clinical diagnosis and treatment. METHODS: We performed a retrospective study of 181 clinically diagnosed hospitalized patients with community-acquired adult ABM from Jan.2010 to Jan.2018. The patients were categorized as non-elderly (16≤age<65 years old, n=156 ) and elderly (age≥65 years old, n=25) group. The etiology, clinical features, prognosis and risk factors of the two groups were compared. RESULTS: Sixty-four of 181 patients (35.4%) had pathogens detected. The most common pathogens were Streptococcus pneumoniae (17.9%), Listeria monocytogenes (13.4%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (10.5%). The mortality of the elderly group was higher than that of the non-elderly group (P<0.05). Univariate analysis showed that there was a significant difference between the elderly group and the non-elderly group in the incidence of hypertension, hypokalemia, pulmonary infection, ear-nose-throat ( ENT) infection, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) protein concentration, head CT abnormalities and mortality. Logistic regression analysis showed that pulmonary infection and temperature ≥38.5 ℃ were independent risk factors for poor prognosis in the non-elderly group. CSF pressure ≥200 mmH2O was a independent risk factors for poor prognosis in the elderly group. CONCLUSION: The pathogens that cause acute bacterial meningitis in adult community are mainly Streptococcus pneumoniae, Listeria monocytogenes and Klebsiella pneumoniae.Pulmonary infection and temperature ≥38.5 ℃ are independent risk factors of poor prognosis in the non-elderly patients, as CSF pressure ≥200 mmH2O a independent risk factor in the elderly patients.


Subject(s)
Community-Acquired Infections/diagnosis , Meningitis, Bacterial/diagnosis , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Community-Acquired Infections/etiology , Humans , Klebsiella pneumoniae , Listeria monocytogenes , Meningitis, Bacterial/etiology , Middle Aged , Prognosis , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Streptococcus pneumoniae , Young Adult
8.
J Clin Neurosci ; 56: 56-62, 2018 Oct.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30029954

ABSTRACT

This study aimed to explore the relationship between sub-cortical structures alterations and the cognitive domains in Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) patients, expected to find identifying sub-cortical structure markers of MCI progression to dementia. A total of 67 MCI patients (8 subjects refused to follow up) were recruited, who were divided into 21 stable MCI (sMCI) and 38 progress MCI (pMCI), according to cognitive assays. FreeSurfer software was used to perform volumetric measurements of the sub-cortical structures from 3.0 T magnetic resonance scans. Data revealed that pMCI subjects had lower scores in memory, language, executive and visual spatial compared with sMCI subjects. Compared with the sMCI group, the volume of the left thalamus, bilateral hippocampus, corpus callosum posterior and corpus callosum central was smaller in pMCI subjects. Partial correlation and general linear regression analysis showed that the left hippocampus was predicted region for memory, left thalamus was predicted region for language, executive and visual spatial. These current results suggest that the volumes of sub-cortical structures in stable MCI and progress MCI patients were heterogeneous. Among these regions, the left hippocampus was predicted region for memory, left thalamus was predicted region for language, executive and visual spatial, suggesting that these structures might be important for detecting the subtle effects of MCI patients' cognitive domain or to assess the effectiveness of therapeutic intervention for MCI.


Subject(s)
Brain/diagnostic imaging , Brain/pathology , Cognitive Dysfunction/diagnostic imaging , Cognitive Dysfunction/pathology , Aged , Disease Progression , Female , Humans , Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods , Male , Middle Aged , Neuropsychological Tests
9.
Aging Dis ; 9(3): 444-452, 2018 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29896432

ABSTRACT

Both white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) and lacunar infarctions (LIs) are magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) markers of cerebral small vessel disease (SVD). However, the association between WMH and LI remains unclear. In this study, we asked whether WMH progression is related to LI occurrence using retrospective data. Overall, 8475 WMH patients with at least two MRI images were screened, and 187 patients were included in the final study; 76 patients had WMH with LI (WL), and 111 patients had WMH without LI (WOL). The 187 patients were divided into three groups according to WMH progression: Group 1 (no progression), Group 2 (0-53.64% WMH progression) and Group 3 (≥53.64% WMH progression). We found that both WMH volumes and Fazekas scores were higher in WL patients compared with those in WOL patients according to the 1st and 2nd MRI images (P<0.001), whereas WMH progression was not significantly different between these two groups (P>0.05). Importantly, we found that the occurrence rates for LI were increased in Groups 2 and 3 compared with those in Group 1. Multiple logistic regression analysis demonstrated that the risk of LI occurrence was significantly increased in Group 2 versus that in Group 1 (odds ratio, 3.36; 95% CI, 1.48 to 7.67; P=0.004) after adjusting for the baseline patient characteristics and the interval between the two MRI scans. Additionally, with a stratification time of less than 24 months, the risk of LI occurrence was higher in Group 2 versus that in Group 1, after adjusting for baseline confounding factors (odds ratio, 3.68; 95% CI, 1.51 to 8.99; P=0.004). In conclusion, we found that WMH progression was significantly associated with LI occurrence, particularly within the first two years, and that this progression could serve as an independent indicator of LI development.

10.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM (Western Pacific) | ID: wpr-707011

ABSTRACT

TCM non-medicine therapies include acupuncture, moxibustion, point-application, point injection, acupuncture point thread implanting, etc, which have been widely used in the clinical treatment for stable period of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). TCM non-medicine therapies can significantly control the progress of the disease and improve the life quality of patients. This article reviewed the clinical study on TCM non-medicine therapies for stable period of COPD in recent 5 years, in order to provide some references for the treatment of COPD.

11.
Neurol Res ; 39(10): 885-894, 2017 Oct.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28743230

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) peptide has been demonstrated to exert neuroprotective effects in stroke and some neurodegeneration diseases. In current study, we investigated the protective effects and underlying mechanisms of CART in APP/PS1 mice. METHODS: The protein levels of CART, soluble Aß1-40 and Aß1-42 were measured in the hippocampus of APP/PS1 mice by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. We determined the mRNA and protein levels of Aß metabolism-associated enzymes including neprilysin (NEP), insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE), receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), and low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP-1) in the hippocampus of APP/PS1 mice using real-time PCR and western blotting. Spatial memory was measured in APP/PS1 mice using the Morris water maze. The phosphorylation of AKT, ERK, p38, and JNK was determined using western blotting. RESULTS: The levels of soluble Aß1-40 and Aß1-42 were significantly decreased in the hippocampus of APP/PS1 mice after CART treatment. CART modulated the levels of NEP, IDE, RAGE, and LRP-1. In addition, CART inhibited the MAPK pathways and activated the AKT pathway, whereas inhibition of the AKT pathway decreased the levels of IDE and LRP-1. Furthermore, CART attenuated spatial memory deficits in the APP/PS1 mice. CONCLUSION: CART decreases the levels of soluble Aß in the hippocampus of APP/PS1 mice by modulating the expression of Aß metabolism-associated enzymes, which may be associated with the MAPK and AKT pathways.


Subject(s)
Alzheimer Disease/drug therapy , Hippocampus/drug effects , Memory Disorders/drug therapy , Nerve Tissue Proteins/pharmacology , Neuroprotective Agents/pharmacology , Nootropic Agents/pharmacology , Alzheimer Disease/metabolism , Amyloid beta-Peptides/metabolism , Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor/genetics , Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor/metabolism , Animals , Cells, Cultured , Disease Models, Animal , Hippocampus/metabolism , Humans , Male , Maze Learning/drug effects , Maze Learning/physiology , Memory Disorders/metabolism , Mice, Transgenic , Peptide Fragments/metabolism , Presenilin-1/genetics , Presenilin-1/metabolism , Random Allocation , Spatial Memory/drug effects , Spatial Memory/physiology
12.
Stroke Vasc Neurol ; 2(4): 189-197, 2017 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29507779

ABSTRACT

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE) in acute ischaemic stroke and its impact on the recurrence of vascular events. Methods: We conducted a multicentre, prospective, randomised, open label, blinded, controlled clinical trial enrollingpatients with an onset of acute stroke within 7 days from five hospitals in China Jiangsu Province. Participants were assigned to the GBE group (450 mg GBE with 100 mg aspirin daily) or the control group (100 mg aspirin daily) for 6 months. The primary outcome was the decline in the Montreal Cognitive Assessment score at 6 months. Secondary outcomes were other neuropsychological tests of cognitive and neurological function, the the incidence of adverse events and vascular events. Results: 348 patients were enrolled: 179 in the GBE group and 169 in the control group. With 18 patients lost to follow-up, the dropout rate was 5.17%. Admission data between two groups were similar, but in the GBE group there was a marked slow down in the decline in the Montreal Cognitive Assessment scores (-2.77±0.21 vs -1.99±0.23, P=0.0116 (30 days); -3.34±0.24 vs -2.48±0.26, P=0.0165 (90 days); -4.00±0.26 vs -2.71±0.26, P=0.0004 (180 days)) compared with controls. The National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale scores at 12 and 30 days, the modified Rankin Scale scores for independent rate at 30, 90 and 180 days, and the Barthel Index scores at 30, 90 and 180 days in the GBE group were significantly improved compared with controls. Improvements were also observedin GBE groups for Mini-Metal State Examination scores of 30, 90 and 180 days, Webster's digit symbol test scores at 30 days and Executive Dysfunction Index scores at 30 and 180 days. No significant differences were seen in the incidence of adverse events or vascular events. Conclusions: We conclude that GBE in combination with aspirin treatment alleviated cognitive and neurological deficits after acute ischaemic stroke without increasing the incidence of vascular events. Trial registration number: ChiCTR-TRC-12002688.


Subject(s)
Brain/drug effects , Cognition Disorders/drug therapy , Cognition/drug effects , Ischemic Stroke/drug therapy , Plant Extracts/therapeutic use , Aged , Aspirin/therapeutic use , Brain/physiopathology , China , Cognition Disorders/diagnosis , Cognition Disorders/physiopathology , Cognition Disorders/psychology , Executive Function/drug effects , Female , Ginkgo biloba , Humans , Ischemic Stroke/diagnosis , Ischemic Stroke/physiopathology , Ischemic Stroke/psychology , Male , Middle Aged , Plant Extracts/adverse effects , Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors/therapeutic use , Prospective Studies , Time Factors , Treatment Outcome
13.
Ageing Res Rev ; 35: 12-21, 2017 May.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28017880

ABSTRACT

Recent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) studies have provided strong evidence of abnormal spontaneous brain activity in amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI). However, the conclusions have been inconsistent. A meta-analysis of whole-brain rs-fMRI studies that measured differences in the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF) between aMCI patients and healthy controls was conducted using the Seed-based d Mapping software package. Twelve studies reporting 14 datasets were included in the meta-analysis. Compared to healthy controls, patients with aMCI showed decreased ALFFs in the bilateral precuneus/posterior cingulate cortices, bilateral frontoinsular cortices, left occipitotemporal cortex, and right supramarginal gyrus and increased ALFFs in the right lingual gyrus, left middle occipital gyrus, left hippocampus, and left inferior temporal gyrus. A meta-regression analysis demonstrated that the increased severity of cognitive impairment in aMCI patients was associated with greater decreases in ALFFs in the cuneus/precuneus cortices. Our comprehensive meta-analysis suggests that aMCI is associated with widespread aberrant regional spontaneous brain activity, predominantly involving the default mode, salience, and visual networks, which contributes to understanding its pathophysiology.


Subject(s)
Amnesia , Brain Mapping/methods , Brain/physiopathology , Cognitive Dysfunction , Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods , Amnesia/diagnosis , Amnesia/etiology , Cognitive Dysfunction/complications , Cognitive Dysfunction/diagnosis , Cognitive Dysfunction/physiopathology , Female , Humans , Male
14.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM (Western Pacific) | ID: wpr-618283

ABSTRACT

This article analyzed, organizde, and summarized the specific meaning of yin and yang in Shang Han Lun, holding the idea that Zhongyang in Shang Han Lun contains fluid. YE Tian-shi's Tong Yang Bu Zai Wen Er Zai Li Xiao Bian is derived from Zhong jing method, and is more suitable to be used in damp-heat syndromes, reflecting that YE Tian-shi is not confined to traditional methods, but follows traditional prescriptions and flexible thoughts, which provides references for learning and flexibly applying prescription ideas.

15.
PLoS One ; 11(11): e0167269, 2016.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27898715

ABSTRACT

Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is an arising public health problem in Asia, including China. Epidemiological data is necessary to enable judicious public health responses and interventions. We analyzed the epidemiological and laboratory data of 759,301 HFMD cases reported to the Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention from 1 January 2009 to 31 December 2014. Univariate and multivariable conditional logistic regression analyses were used to identify risk factors of fatality in HFMD. The incidence of HFMD was highest among children aged 1-3 years, compared with other age groups. Of the total HFMD cases, 7,222 (0.95%) were considered severe and 338 (0.04%) were fatal. Enterovirus-A71 was the major cause of severe and fatal cases (65.75% and 88.78%, respectively). For severe cases, the median time from symptom onset to diagnosis was 0.5 days (interquartile range [IQR] 0-1.5 days); the median time from diagnosis to severe illness was 2 days (IQR 1-3 days). For fatal cases, the median time from symptom onset to diagnosis was 0.5 days (IQR 0-1.5 days); the median time from diagnosis to death was 1.5 days (IQR 0.5-2.5 days). In multivariable analysis, the abuse of antibiotic, glucocorticoid and pyrazolone in village clinics at basic medical institutions were identified as independent risk factors for HFMD fatal cases. In conclusion, our results suggest that the future direction to control and respond to HFMD is intensive surveillance of enterovirus-A71 and improving the ability to diagnose disease and treat patients, especially in basic medical institutions.


Subject(s)
Enterovirus A, Human/physiology , Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease/epidemiology , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Case-Control Studies , Child , Child, Preschool , China/epidemiology , Enterovirus A, Human/isolation & purification , Female , Glucocorticoids/therapeutic use , Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease/diagnosis , Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease/drug therapy , Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease/virology , Humans , Incidence , Infant , Logistic Models , Male , Multivariate Analysis , Pyrazolones/therapeutic use , Residence Characteristics , Risk Factors , Serogroup , Severity of Illness Index , Time Factors
16.
PLoS One ; 10(7): e0134543, 2015.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26222055

ABSTRACT

Angiogenesisis a key restorative mechanism in response to ischemia, and pro-angiogenic therapy could be beneficial in stroke. Accumulating experimental and clinical evidence suggest that human urinary kallidinogenase (HUK) improves stroke outcome, but the underlying mechanisms are not clear. The aim of current study was to verify roles of HUK in post-ischemic angiogenesis and identify relevant mediators. In rat middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model, we confirmed that HUK treatment could improve stroke outcome, indicated by reduced infarct size and improved neurological function. Notably, the 18F-FDG micro-PET scan indicated that HUK enhanced cerebral perfusion in rats after MCAO treatment. In addition, HUK promotespost-ischemic angiogenesis, with increased vessel density as well as up-regulated VEGF andapelin/APJ expression in HUK-treated MCAO mice. In endothelial cell cultures, induction of VEGF and apelin/APJ expression, and ERK1/2 phosphorylation by HUK was further confirmed. These changes were abrogated by U0126, a selective ERK1/2 inhibitor. Moreover, F13A, a competitive antagonist of APJ receptor, significantly suppressed HUK-induced VEGF expression. Furthermore, angiogenic functions of HUK were inhibited in the presence of selective bradykinin B1 or B2 receptor antagonist both in vitro and in vivo. Our findings indicate that HUK treatment promotes post-ischemic angiogenesis and cerebral perfusion via activation of bradykinin B1 and B2 receptors, which is potentially due to enhancement expression of VEGF and apelin/APJ in ERK1/2 dependent way.


Subject(s)
Cerebrovascular Circulation/drug effects , Kallikreins/pharmacology , Kallikreins/urine , Neovascularization, Physiologic/drug effects , Stroke/drug therapy , Animals , Cells, Cultured , Disease Models, Animal , Endothelial Cells/drug effects , Endothelial Cells/physiology , Humans , Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery/pathology , Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery/physiopathology , MAP Kinase Signaling System/drug effects , Male , Mice , Rats , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Receptor, Bradykinin B1/agonists , Receptor, Bradykinin B2/agonists , Stroke/pathology , Stroke/physiopathology
17.
PLoS One ; 10(6): e0130017, 2015.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26066658

ABSTRACT

Atrophy of the cortical thickness and gray matter volume are regarded as sensitive markers for the early clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). This study aimed to investigate differences in atrophy patterns in the frontal-subcortical circuits between MCI and AD, assess whether these differences were essential for the pathologic basis of cognitive impairment. A total of 131 individuals were recruited, including 45 with cognitively normal controls (CN), 46 with MCI, and 40 with AD. FreeSurfer software was used to perform volumetric measurements of the frontal-subcortical circuits from 3.0 T magnetic resonance (MR) scans. Data revealed that both MCI and AD subjects had a thinner cortex in the left caudal middle frontal gyrus and the left lateral orbitofrontal gyrus compared with CN individuals. The left lateral orbitofrontal gyrus was also thinner in AD compared with MCI patients. There were no statistically significant differences in the cortical mean curvature among the three groups. Both MCI and AD subjects exhibited smaller bilateral hippocampus volumes compared with CN individuals. The volumes of the bilateral hippocampus and the right putamen were also smaller in AD compared with MCI patients. Logistic regression analyses revealed that the left lateral orbitofrontal gyrus and bilateral hippocampus were risk factors for cognitive impairment. These current results suggest that atrophy was heterogeneous in subregions of the frontal-subcortical circuits in MCI and AD patients. Among these subregions, the reduced thickness of the left lateral orbitofrontal and the smaller volume of the bilateral hippocampus seemed to be markers for predicting cognitive impairment.


Subject(s)
Alzheimer Disease/diagnosis , Atrophy/pathology , Cerebral Cortex/pathology , Cognitive Dysfunction/diagnosis , Image Processing, Computer-Assisted/methods , Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods , Pattern Recognition, Automated/methods , Aged , Case-Control Studies , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Male , Prognosis
18.
Sci Rep ; 5: 10224, 2015 May 11.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25959573

ABSTRACT

Major characteristics of Alzheimer's disease (AD) include deposits of ß-amyloid (Aß) peptide in the brain, loss of synapses, and cognitive dysfunction. Cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) has recently been reported to attenuate Aß-induced toxicity. In this study, CART localization in APP/PS1 mice was characterized and the protective effects of exogenous CART treatment were examined. Compared to age-matched wild type mice, 8-month-old APP/PS1 mice had significantly greater CART immunoreactivity in the hippocampus and cortex. A strikingly similar pattern of Aß plaque-associated CART immunoreactivity was observed in the cortex of AD cases. Treatment of APP/PS1 mice with exogenous CART ameliorated memory deficits; this effect was associated with improvements in synaptic ultrastructure and long-term potentiation, but not a reduction of the Aß plaques. Exogenous CART treatment in APP/PS1 mice prevented depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane and stimulated mitochondrial complex I and II activities, resulting in an increase in ATP levels. CART treatment of APP/PS1 mice also reduced reactive oxygen species and 4-hydroxynonenal, and mitigated oxidative DNA damage. In summary, CART treatment reduced multiple neuropathological measures and improved memory in APP/PS1 mice, and may therefore be a promising and novel therapy for AD.


Subject(s)
Alzheimer Disease/pathology , Alzheimer Disease/psychology , Memory/drug effects , Nerve Tissue Proteins/administration & dosage , Neurotransmitter Agents/administration & dosage , Synapses/drug effects , Synapses/pathology , Alzheimer Disease/drug therapy , Alzheimer Disease/genetics , Alzheimer Disease/metabolism , Amyloid beta-Peptides/metabolism , Animals , Brain/metabolism , Brain/pathology , Case-Control Studies , DNA Damage , DNA, Mitochondrial , Disease Models, Animal , Gene Expression , Hippocampus/metabolism , Humans , Mice , Mice, Transgenic , Mitochondria/drug effects , Mitochondria/metabolism , Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics , Nerve Tissue Proteins/metabolism , Neurites/drug effects , Neurites/metabolism , Neurotransmitter Agents/genetics , Neurotransmitter Agents/metabolism , Oxidative Stress/drug effects , Plaque, Amyloid/pathology
19.
J Neuroinflammation ; 12: 51, 2015 Mar 14.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25889216

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Activation of microglia plays a crucial role in immune and inflammatory processes after ischemic stroke. Microglia is reported with two opposing activated phenotypes, namely, classic phenotype (M1) and the alternative phenotype (M2). Inhibiting M1 while stimulating M2 has been suggested as a potential therapeutic approach in the treatment of stroke. FINDINGS: In this study, we indicated that a novel natural anti-oxidant extracted from the Chinese plant Hopea hainanensis, malibatol A (MA), decreased the infarct size and alleviated the brain injury after mice middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). MA inhibited expression inflammatory cytokines in not only MCAO mice but also lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated microglia. Moreover, treatment of MA decreased M1 markers (CD16, CD32, and CD86) and increased M2 markers (CD206, YM-1) while promoting the activation of nuclear receptor PPARγ. CONCLUSIONS: MA has anti-inflammatory effects in MCAO mice in a PPARγ-dependent manner, making it a potential candidate for stroke treatment.


Subject(s)
Cell Polarity/drug effects , Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery/pathology , Microglia/drug effects , PPAR gamma/metabolism , Stilbenes/pharmacology , Stilbenes/therapeutic use , Animals , Benzamides/pharmacology , Benzamides/therapeutic use , Brain Infarction/etiology , Brain Infarction/prevention & control , Calcium-Binding Proteins/metabolism , Cells, Cultured , Cytokines/genetics , Cytokines/metabolism , Disease Models, Animal , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery/complications , Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery/drug therapy , Lipopolysaccharides/pharmacology , Mice , Microfilament Proteins/metabolism , Neuroprotective Agents/pharmacology , Neuroprotective Agents/therapeutic use , Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II/metabolism , PPAR gamma/antagonists & inhibitors , Pyridines/pharmacology , Pyridines/therapeutic use , Time Factors
20.
J Child Neurol ; 30(1): 75-82, 2015 Jan.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24762865

ABSTRACT

The optimal therapeutic time-window and protective mechanism of hyperbaric oxygen in hypoxic-ischemic brain damage remain unclear. This study aimed to determine the neuroprotective effects of hyperbaric oxygen. Following hypoxic-ischemic brain damage modeling in neonatal rats, hyperbaric oxygen was administered at 6, 24, 48, and 72 hours and 1 week after hypoxia, respectively, once daily for 1 week. Fourteen days after hypoxic-ischemic brain damage, cell density and apoptosis rate, number of Fas-L+, caspase-8+, and caspase-3+ neuronal cells, levels of nitric oxide, malondialdehyde, and superoxide dismutase in hippocampus were examined. Morris water maze test was conducted 28 days after insult. Significant improvements were found in cell density, rate of apoptosis, oxidative stress markers, FasL, and caspases in rats treated with hyperbaric oxygen within 72 hours compared to hypoxic-ischemic injury. Similarly, time-dependent behavioral amelioration was observed in pups treated with hyperbaric oxygen. Our findings suggest that hyperbaric oxygen protects against hypoxic-ischemic brain damage by inhibiting oxidative stress and FasL-induced apoptosis, and optimal therapeutic time window is within 72 hours after hypoxic-ischemic brain damage.


Subject(s)
Apoptosis/physiology , Hippocampus/pathology , Hyperbaric Oxygenation/methods , Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain/therapy , Animals , Animals, Newborn , Caspase 3/metabolism , Caspase 8/metabolism , Cell Count , Disease Models, Animal , Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain/pathology , In Situ Nick-End Labeling , Malondialdehyde , Maze Learning , Neurons/pathology , Nitric Oxide/metabolism , Phosphopyruvate Hydratase/metabolism , Rats , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Superoxide Dismutase/metabolism , Time Factors
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