Transcriptome and Metabolome analysis reveal HFPO-TA induced disorders of hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism in rat by interfering with PPAR signaling pathway.

PFOA is one of the most representative compounds in the family of perfluorinated organic compounds. Due to its varying toxicity, alternatives to PFOA are beginning to emerge. HFPO-TA is an alternative for PFOA. It is currently unclear whether HFPO-TA affects glucose and lipid metabolism. In this study, rats were used as an animal model to investigate the effects of HFPO-TA on liver glucose and lipid metabolism. We found that HFPO-TA can affect glucose tolerance. Through omics analysis and molecular detection, it was found that HFPO-TA mainly affects the PPAR signaling pathway in the liver of rats, inhibiting liver glycolysis while promoting glucose production. HFPO-TA not only promotes the synthesis of fatty acids in the liver, but also promotes the breakdown of fatty acids, which ultimately leads to the disruption of hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism. The effects of HFPO-TA on metabolism are discussed in this paper to provide a reference for the risk assessment of this PFOA substitute.

Transcriptomics-based analysis reveals the nephrotoxic effects of triphenyltin (TPT) on SD rats by affecting RAS, AQPs and lipid metabolism.

Triphenyltin (TPT) is a class of organotin compounds that are extensively used in industry and agriculture. They have endocrine-disrupting effects and cause severe environmental contamination. Pollutants may accumulate in the kidneys and cause pathological complications. However, the mechanism of TPT's toxicological effects on the kidney remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the toxic effects and mechanism of action of TPT exposure on renal impairment in rats. Male SD rats were divided into four groups: the Ctrl group (control group), TPT-L group (0.5 mg/kg/d), TPT-M group (1 mg/kg/d), and TPT-H group (2 mg/kg/d). After 28 days of exposure to TPT, we observed the morphology and structure of kidney tissue using HE, PASM, and Masson staining. We also detected serum biochemical indexes, performed transcriptome sequencing of rat kidney tissue using RNA-seq. Furthermore, protein expression levels were measured through immunohistochemistry and gene expression levels were determined using RT-qPCR. The study results indicated a decrease in kidney weight and relative kidney weight after 28 days of exposure to TPT. Additionally, TPT caused damage to kidney structure and function, as evidenced by HE staining, PASM staining, and serum biochemical tests. Transcriptomics identified 352 DEGs, and enrichment analyses revealed that TPT exposure primarily impacted the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). The expression levels of water channel proteins were reduced, and the expression levels of RAS and lipid metabolism-related genes (Mme, Ace, Fasn, Cyp4a8, Cpt1b and Ppard) were significantly decreased in the TPT-treated group. In summary, exposure to TPT may impair renal structure and function in rats by affecting RAS, AQPs, and lipid metabolism.

TMT-based quantitative proteomics analysis of Sprague-Dawley rats liver reveals Triphenyltin induced liver damage and lipid metabolism disorders.

Triphenyltin (TPT) is a widely used pesticide that has a negative impact on biological health and production efficiency. In addition, TPT poses a threat to human health through the food chain and environmental pollution. However, the exact mechanism of TPT toxicity remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the hepatotoxicity of TPT and its effects on lipid metabolism using male SD rats as an animal model. Our results from HE and serum biochemical analysis suggested that TPT could damage liver structure and function, resulting in disruption of lipid metabolism. We therefore proceeded to analyze the proteomic response of rat liver tissue after 28 days of treatment with 2 mg/kg/d TPT. Our study demonstrates that TPT has a variety of effects on liver protein expression in rats. Through bioinformatic analysis, we observed significant changes in proteins related to fatty acid oxidation and synthesis due to TPT exposure. Furthermore, western blot and RT-qPCR experiments confirmed that TPT can affect lipid metabolism through the PPAR pathway. These findings suggest that TPT exposure can lead to liver damage, lipid accumulation and metabolic disorders.

Transition of Carrier Transport Behaviors with Temperature in Phosphorus-Doped Si Nanocrystals/SiO2 Multilayers.

High-conductive phosphorus-doped Si nanocrystals/SiO2(nc-Si/SiO2) multilayers are obtained, and the formation of Si nanocrystals with the average crystal size of 6 nm is confirmed by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and Raman spectra. The temperature-dependent carrier transport behaviors of the nc-Si/SiO2 films are systematically studied by which we find the shift of Fermi level on account of the changing P doping concentration. By controlling the P doping concentration in the films, the room temperature conductivity can be enhanced by seven orders of magnitude than the un-doped sample, reaching values up to 110 S/cm for heavily doped sample. The changes from Mott variable-range hopping process to thermally activation conduction process with the temperature are identified and discussed.

The Change of Electronic Transport Behaviors by P and B Doping in Nano-Crystalline Silicon Films with Very High Conductivities.

Nano-crystalline Si films with high conductivities are highly desired in order to develop the new generation of nano-devices. Here, we first demonstrate that the grain boundaries played an important role in the carrier transport process in un-doped nano-crystalline Si films as revealed by the temperature-dependent Hall measurements. The potential barrier height can be well estimated from the experimental results, which is in good agreement with the proposed model. Then, by introducing P and B doping, it is found that the scattering of grain boundaries can be significantly suppressed and the Hall mobility is monotonously decreased with the temperature both in P- and B-doped nano-crystalline Si films, which can be attributed to the trapping of P and B dopants in the grain boundary regions to reduce the barriers. Consequently, a room temperature conductivity as high as 1.58 × 10³ S/cm and 4 × 10² S/cm is achieved for the P-doped and B-doped samples, respectively.