The relationship between self-determined motivation, emotional involvement, cognitive involvement and leisure-time physical activity among college students.

Objective: Grounded in self-determination theory and the stimulus-organism-response framework, this study examines factors that affect college students' leisure-time physical activity by considering the basic psychological needs satisfaction (i.e., autonomy, competence, and relatedness), self-determined motivation, emotional and cognitive involvement. Methods: The sample included 526 students (47.8 % male; 57.2 % female) from four universities in central China. A structural equation model was used to analyze associations among variables. Results: The satisfaction of all three basic psychological needs had a significant positive impact on emotional involvement. Additionally, autonomy and competence need satisfaction had a significant positive impact on self-determined motivation and cognitive involvement. However, contrary to our expectation, there was no significant effect of relatedness need satisfaction on self-determined motivation and cognitive involvement. Furthermore, emotional involvement was found to have a significant effect on leisure-time physical activity intention for male students. Interestingly, the relationship between cognitive involvement and leisure-time physical activity intention is significant, but this effect was observed only among female students. Conclusion: Pedagogical strategies and tactics better satisfied students' psychological needs, promote physical education classes emotional and cognitive involvement, therefore, achieve autonomous active lifestyle behaviors in leisure time.

[Effects of Simulated Acid Rain and Nitrogen Deposition on Soil Bacterial Community Structure and Diversity in the Masson Pine Forest].

By analyzing the effects of acid rain and nitrogen deposition on the structure and diversity of soil bacterial communities, the response mechanism of Masson pine forests to environmental stress was investigated, providing a theoretical reference basis for resource management and conservation in Tianmu Mountain National Nature Reserve. Four treatments of the simulated acid rain and nitrogen deposition were set up in 2017 to 2021 in Tianmu Mountain National Nature Reserve (pH value of 5.5 and 0 kg·(hm2·a)-1, CK; pH value of 4.5 and 30 kg·(hm2·a)-1, T1; pH value of 3.5 and 60 kg·(hm2·a)-1, T2; pH value of 2.5 and 120 kg·(hm2·a)-1, T3). The differences in soil bacterial community composition and structure among treatments and their influencing factors were analyzed by collecting soils from four treatments, using the Illumina MiSeq PE300 second-generation high-throughput sequencing platform. The results showed that acid rain and nitrogen deposition significantly reduced soil bacterial α-diversity (P<0.05) in a Masson pine forest. The Masson pine forest soils consisted of 36 phylum groups of mycota, with Acidobacteria, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Chloroflexi as the main bacterial phyla (relative abundance>1%) in the Masson pine forest soils. Flavobacterium, Nitrospira, Haliangium, Candidatus_Koribacter, Bryobacter, Occallatibacter, Acidipla, Singulisphaera, Pajaroellobacter, and Acidothermus, which showed significant changes in relative abundance under the four treatments, could be used as indicator species for changes in soil bacterial communities under acid rain and nitrogen deposition stress. Soil pH and total nitrogen were influential factors in the diversity of soil bacterial communities. As a result, acid rain and nitrogen deposition increased the potential ecological risk, and the loss of microbial diversity will change the ecosystem function as well as reduce the stability of the ecosystem.

The intuitive decision preference and EEG features based on commonality heuristic.

People tend to make intuitive decisions based on certain heuristics. We have observed that there is an intuitive heuristic that tends to prioritize the most common features as the selection result. In order to study the influence of cognitive limitation and context induction on the intuitive thinking of common items, a questionnaire experiment with multidisciplinary features and similarity associations is designed. The experimental results reveal the existence of three classes of subjects. The behavioral features of Class I subjects show that cognitive limitations and task context fail to induce intuitive decision-making based on common items; instead, they rely heavily on rational analysis. The behavioral features of Class II subjects show a mixture of intuitive decision-making and rational analysis, with priority given to rational analysis. The behavioral features of Class III subjects indicate that the induction of the task context reinforces the reliance on intuitive decision-making. The electroencephalogram (EEG) feature responses (mainly in the ß and γ bands) of the three classes of subjects reflect their respective decision-making thinking characteristics. The event-related potential (ERP) results demonstrate that Class III subjects induce a late positive P600 component with a significantly higher average wave amplitude than the other two classes, which may be related to the "oh yes" behavior for the common item intuitive decision method.

Musical Emotions Recognition Using Entropy Features and Channel Optimization Based on EEG.

The dynamic of music is an important factor to arouse emotional experience, but current research mainly uses short-term artificial stimulus materials, which cannot effectively awaken complex emotions and reflect their dynamic brain response. In this paper, we used three long-term stimulus materials with many dynamic emotions inside: the "Waltz No. 2" containing pleasure and excitement, the "No. 14 Couplets" containing excitement, briskness, and nervousness, and the first movement of "Symphony No. 5 in C minor" containing passion, relaxation, cheerfulness, and nervousness. Approximate entropy (ApEn) and sample entropy (SampEn) were applied to extract the non-linear features of electroencephalogram (EEG) signals under long-term dynamic stimulation, and the K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) method was used to recognize emotions. Further, a supervised feature vector dimensionality reduction method was proposed. Firstly, the optimal channel set for each subject was obtained by using a particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm, and then the number of times to select each channel in the optimal channel set of all subjects was counted. If the number was greater than or equal to the threshold, it was a common channel suitable for all subjects. The recognition results based on the optimal channel set demonstrated that each accuracy of two categories of emotions based on "Waltz No. 2" and three categories of emotions based on "No. 14 Couplets" was generally above 80%, respectively, and the recognition accuracy of four categories based on the first movement of "Symphony No. 5 in C minor" was about 70%. The recognition accuracy based on the common channel set was about 10% lower than that based on the optimal channel set, but not much different from that based on the whole channel set. This result suggested that the common channel could basically reflect the universal features of the whole subjects while realizing feature dimension reduction. The common channels were mainly distributed in the frontal lobe, central region, parietal lobe, occipital lobe, and temporal lobe. The channel number distributed in the frontal lobe was greater than the ones in other regions, indicating that the frontal lobe was the main emotional response region. Brain region topographic map based on the common channel set showed that there were differences in entropy intensity between different brain regions of the same emotion and the same brain region of different emotions. The number of times to select each channel in the optimal channel set of all 30 subjects showed that the principal component channels representing five brain regions were Fp1/F3 in the frontal lobe, CP5 in the central region, Pz in the parietal lobe, O2 in the occipital lobe, and T8 in the temporal lobe, respectively.

Z-DNA/RNA Binding Protein 1 Senses Mitochondrial DNA to Induce Receptor-Interacting Protein Kinase-3/Mixed Lineage Kinase Domain-Like-Driven Necroptosis in Developmental Sevoflurane Neurotoxicity.

Developmental sevoflurane exposure leads to widespread neuronal cell death known as sevoflurane-induced neurotoxicity (SIN). Receptor-interacting protein kinase-3 (RIPK3) and mixed lineage kinase domain-like (MLKL)-driven necroptosis plays an important role in cell fate. Previous research has shown that inhibition of RIPK1 activity alone did not attenuate SIN. Since RIPK3/MLKL signaling could also be activated by Z-DNA/RNA binding protein 1 (ZBP1), the present study was designed to investigate whether ZBP1-mediated and RIPK3/MLKL-driven necroptosis is involved in SIN through in vitro and in vivo experiments. We found that sevoflurane priming triggers neuronal cell death and LDH release in a time-dependent manner. The expression levels of RIPK1, RIPK3, ZBP1 and membrane phosphorylated MLKL were also dramatically enhanced in SIN. Intriguingly, knockdown of RIPK3, but not RIPK1, abolished MLKL-mediated neuronal necroptosis in SIN. Additionally, inhibition of RIPK3-mediated necroptosis with GSK'872, rather than inhibition of apoptosis with zVAD, significantly ameliorated SIN. Further investigation showed that sevoflurane treatment causes mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) release into the cytosol. Accordingly, ZBP1 senses cytosolic mtDNA and consequently activates RIPK3/MLKL signaling. This conclusion was reinforced by the evidence that knockdown of ZBP1 or depleting mtDNA with ethidium bromide remarkably improved SIN. Finally, the administration of the RIPK3 inhibitor GSK'872 relieved sevoflurane-induced spatial and emotional disorders without influence on locomotor activity. Altogether, these results illustrate that ZBP1 senses cytosolic mtDNA to induce RIPK3/MLKL-driven necroptosis in SIN. Elucidating the role of necroptosis in SIN will provide new insights into understanding the mechanism of anesthetic exposure in the developing brain.

Palladium(II)-Catalyzed Selective Arylation of Tertiary C-H Bonds of Cyclobutylmethyl Ketones Using Transient Directing Groups.

We report the first example of selective PdII -catalyzed tertiary C-H activation of cyclobutylmethyl ketones using a transient directing group. An electron-deficient 2-pyridone ligand was identified as the optimal external ligand to enable tertiary C-H activation. A variety of cyclobutylmethyl ketones bearing quaternary carbon centers was readily accessed without preinstalling internal directing groups in up to 81 % yield and >95 : 5 regioisomeric ratios of tertiary C-H arylation to ß-methylene (ß-methyl) or γ-C-H arylation.

PTPN11 gene mutation mediated Noonan syndrome in children with idiopathic short stature / 中华内分泌代谢杂志

Objective:To analyze the genetic etiology of idiopathic short stature(ISS) children, and to investigate the clinical characteristics of Noonan syndrome caused by PTPN11 gene mutation, and the response to recombinant human growth hormone(rhGH) as well.Methods:Genomic DNA was extracted from the peripheral blood of 232 ISS patients, and the genome was detected by whole exon sequencing. The gene variation was analyzed according to the guideline of American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics(ACMG), and clinical baseline data and follow-up data of rhGH treatment were collected from PTPN11 gene pathogenic patients.Results:Among 232 ISS patients, 6 were found to have PTPN11 pathogenic gene variants(c.1507G>C, c. 317A>G, c. 923A>G, c. 922A>G, c. 236A>G, c. 922A>G), diagnosed as Noonan syndrome. Together with 3 cases of Noonan syndrome patients(all PTPN11 gene variation C. 1510A>G) previously diagnosed in our hospital, the clinical characteristics of patients were analyzed. Among the 9 Noonan syndrome patients, 7 were boys and 2 were girls. The average age was 10.2(4.5, 14.7) years old, and their height standard deviation score was -3.06 SD(95% CI -2.29 SD--3.94 SD). Among them, 4 patients received rhGH treatment with an average treatment duration of 2.25(1.5, 3.5) years. After treatment, their height increased by 14.3(8.6, 23.9) cm, and the change in height standard deviation score improved by 0.21 SD(95% CI 0.12 SD-0.27 SD). Conclusion:Noonan syndrome has a wide range of clinical phenotypes. For children with short stature, heart defects and cryptorchidism, the possibility of Noonan syndrome should be considered. PTPN11 is the common pathogenic gene for Noonan syndrome, and genetic testing facilitates the early diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up prognosis of Noonan syndrome patients.

Risk assessment of internal mammary lymph node metastasis and choice of irradiation of internal mammary lymphatic drainage area in breast cancer patients with negative internal breast lymph nodes on imaging / 中华肿瘤杂志

Objective: To explore the independent risk factors of internal mammary lymph nodes (IMN) metastasis and the risk assessment method of IMN metastasis preoperatively in breast cancer patients with negative IMN in imaging examination, and guide the radiotherapy of IMN in patients with different risk stratification of IMN metastasis. Methods: The clinical and pathological data of 301 breast cancer patients who underwent internal mammary sentinel node biopsy(IM-SLNB) and/or IMN dissection in Shandong Cancer Hospital with negative IMN on CT and/or MRI from January 2010 to October 2019 were analyzed retrospectively. The independent risk factors were analyzed by univariate and multivariate logistic regression, and the independent risk factors of IMN metastasis were used to risk stratification. Results: Among the 301 patients, 43 patients had IMN metastasis, and the rate of IMN metastasis was 14.3%. Univariate analysis showed that vascular tumor thrombus, progesterone receptor (PR) expression, T stage and N stage were associated with IMN metastasis. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that tumor located in medial quadrant, positive PR and axillary lymph node metastasis were independent risk factors for IMN metastasis. The risk of IMN metastasis was assessed according to the independent risk factors of the patients: low-risk group is including 0 risk factor, medium-risk group is including 1 risk factor, and high-risk group is including 2-3 risk factors. According to this evaluation criteria, 301 patients with breast cancer were divided into low-risk group (with 0 risk factors), medium-risk group (with 1 risk factor) and high-risk group (with 2-3 risk factors). The IMN metastasis rates were 0 (0/34), 4.3% (6/140) and 29.1% (37/127), respectively. Conclusions: The risk stratification of IMN metastasis according to three independent risk factors of IMN metastasis including tumor located in medial quadrant, positive PR and axillary lymph node metastasis in breast cancer patients can guide the radiotherapy of IMN in newly diagnosed breast cancer patients. For N1 patients, radiotherapy of IMN is strongly recommended when the primary tumor is located in the medial quadrant and/or PR positive.

Clinical value of echocardiography in the diagnosis of fetal arrhythmia / 中国基层医药

Objective:To investigate the clinical value of echocardiography in the diagnosis of fetal arrhythmia.Methods:1 500 pregnant women who underwent a regular prenatal examination in Cangnan Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University from March 2018 to March 2020 were included in this study. These pregnant women underwent fetal echocardiography in the second trimester of pregnancy (24-26 weeks). We evaluated the condition of, and calculated the incidence of, fetal arrhythmia complicated by fetal cardiac structure abnormality . The diameters of the descending aorta, umbilical artery, and middle cerebral artery were compared between normal fetuses and arrhythmia fetuses.Results:Fetal arrhythmia was found in 131 pregnant women who were in the second trimester of pregnancy, with an incidence of fetal arrhythmia of 8.73%. Fetal arrhythmia and cardiac structure abnormality were detected in 19 pregnant women, with an incidence of fetal arrhythmia and cardiac structure abnormality of 1.27%. Fetal arrhythmia was detected in 131 (8.73%) pregnant women who were in the second trimester of pregnancy and it was detected in 32 (2.13%) pregnant women who were in the third trimester of pregnancy. Arrhythmia was detected in 18 (1.2%) newborns. Only 5 (0.33%) fetuses died during the perinatal period. Four (0.27%) fetuses had arrhythmia complicated by cardiac structure abnormality. One (0.07%) fetus was normal. The diameters of the descending aorta and middle cerebral artery were greater in normal fetuses than in arrhythmia fetuses in pregnant women who were in the second trimester of pregnancy, and the diameter of the umbilical artery was significantly smaller in normal fetuses than in arrhythmia fetuses ( t = -8.27-19.62, all P < 0.001). Conclusion:Echocardiography can effectively help diagnose fetal arrhythmia and observe abnormal cardiac structure. The imaging technique is of great clinical value in improving the diagnosis and treatment of fetal arrhythmia.

Characterization of the complete chloroplast genome of Polyspora tiantangensis (Theaceae), an endemic and endangered species in southwestern China.

Polyspora tiantangensis (Theaceae) is an endangered woody plant in southwestern China. In this study, we assembled complete chloroplast (cp) genome of P. tiantangensis based on the Illumina reads. The cp genome of P. tiantangensis is 157,057 bp in length, including a large single-copy (LSC) region of 86,593 bp and a small single-copy (SSC) region of 18,284 bp, separated by two inverted repeat (IR) regions of 26,090 bp each. The cp genome encoded 132 genes including 87 protein-coding genes, 37 tRNA genes, and eight rRNA genes. The GC content of cp genome of P. tiantangensis is 37.3%. A total of 68 SSRs were discovered. Phylogenetic analysis of cp genomes from 26 species of Theaceae revealed that all species of Polyspora formed one monophyletic clade and P. tiantangensis was closely related with its congeneric species P. longicarpa with 100% bootstrap value.

Impact of binocular visual field loss on driving performance in glaucoma patients.

AIM: To evaluate the driving performance in young and middle-aged Chinese glaucoma patients with mild to severe visual field loss compared to those without glaucoma by using a driving simulation test. METHODS: Twenty-nine participants were included in this study: nine patients with glaucoma but pass the binocular Esterman visual field test, ten patients with glaucoma and fail the binocular Esterman visual field test, and ten age-matched healthy controls. A driving simulation test was designed as a frequency-based analysis of a lane-keeping task. The total performance error, the control-response amplitude and delay were calculated. RESULTS: Esterman visual field test fail group showed the longest delay of control-response among three groups (P=0.02). And the delay in lane-keeping task was significantly associated with inferior field of better-eye (r=0.51, P=0.004) and integrated visual field (r=0.55, P=0.002). CONCLUSION: Young and middle-aged glaucoma patients with binocular visual field loss suffered from a longer delay of response in driving simulation test, while inferior visual field having more impact than superior visual field.

The effectiveness of abdominal compression in the target movement and external extension boundary of peripheral pulmonary tumors treated with stereotactic radiotherapy based on 4DCT / 中华放射医学与防护杂志

Objective:To investigate the effectiveness of abdominal compression in tumor motion and the target volume, and analyze the suitable margins of planning target volume (PTV) for patients treated with lung-SBRT based on 4DCT.Methods:Patients diagnosed with peripheral pulmonary tumor were enrolled. The patients were divided into the whole group, upper-middle-lobe group (group A) and the lower-lobe group (group B). Each patient underwent 3DCT, 4DCT with abdominal compression (4DCT com) and 4DCT with free breath (4DCT free) scans. The GTVs were delineated and IGTVs on these images. PTV MIP 5 mm, PTV MIP 4 mm, PTV MIP 3 mm were constructed with a 5, 4, 3 mm margin in left-right (LR), anterior-posterior (AP) directions and cranial-caudal (CC) directions. Results:The median motion vector with compression reduced by 30.92% in whole group, increased by 3.42% in group A and reduced by 18.80% in group B, respectively. And there were no significant differences of TMA LR, TMA AP, TMA CC and motion vector by the Wilcoxon test ( P>0.05). The median sizes of IGTV MIP com , IGTV MIP free and IGTV10 com, IGTV10 free were 4.01, 5.36 cm 3and 6.59, 7.65 cm 3, with statistically significant difference ( Z=-3.45, -3.14, P<0.01). The median ratio of DI of IGTV CBCT com in PTV MIP 5 mm, PTV MIP 4 mm and PTV MIP 3 mm≥95% was 100%, 100% and 83.33%, respectively. Conclusions:The patients′ respiratory pattern changed with abdominal compression and abdominal compression is useful in reducing the size of IGTV MIP and IGTV10, which could reduce the target volume and protect the normal tissue. Adding a 4 mm margin to IGTV MIP com based on 4DCT account for respiration in SBRT is a tendency for precise radiotherapy.

The complete chloroplast genome of a medicinal plant, Wikstroemia chamaedaphne (Thymelaeaceae).

The first complete chloroplast genome of Wikstroemia chamaedaphne, a poisonous shrub with important medicinal value, is reported in this study. The plastome is a quadripartite circular shape with 173,042 bp in length. It consists of a large single-copy (LSC) region of 86,330 bp and a small single-copy (SSC) region of 2868 bp, separated by two inverted repeat (IR) regions of 41,922 bp each. The chloroplast genome contains 137 genes, including 91 protein-coding genes, 38 tRNA genes, and 8 rRNA genes. The GC content values in the whole cp genome, LSC region, SSC region, and IR region are 36.6%, 34.6%, 28.3%, and 38.9%, respectively. The corresponding numbers of mono-, di-, tri-, tetra- and penta-nucleotides SSRs were 73, 13, 9, 13, and 1. Phylogenetic study revealed that W. chamaedaphne and W. indica formed a monophyletic branch and having a close relationship with Stellera chamaejasme.

Correlation of serum N-Acetylneuraminic acid with the risk and prognosis of acute coronary syndrome: a prospective cohort study.

BACKGROUND: N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) is a functional metabolite involved in coronary artery disease (CAD). We aimed to evaluate the relationship between serum Neu5Ac and the risk and prognosis of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in a real-world prospective study. METHODS: Patients with suspected ACS who underwent coronary angiography were included. Serum Neu5Ac was measured at admission. Coronary lesion severity was evaluated by Gensini Score. GRACE risk stratification was performed at admission. Major adverse cardiac events (MACEs) were recorded during follow-up. RESULTS: A total of 766 patients, including 537 with unstable angina (UAP), 100 with myocardial infarction (MI), and 129 without CAD were included. The circulating Neu5Ac level was significantly higher in patients with MI (median [1QR]: 297[220, 374] ng/ml) than in those with UAP (227 [114, 312] ng/ml) or without CAD (207 [114, 276] ng/ml; both p < 0.001). Serum level of Neu5Ac was positively correlated with age, hypertension, serum uric acid, creatinine, MB isoform of creatine kinase (CK-MB), and Gensini score (all p < 0.05). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that a higher serum Neu5Ac was potentially associated with MI and high-risk GRACE stratification in ACS patients. Logistic analysis identified only elevated serum Neu5Ac as an independent predictor of MACEs in these patients (odds ratio [OR]: 1.003, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.002-1.005, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Serum Neu5Ac is associated with myocardial injury, GRACE risk category, and prognosis in ACS patients.

The complete chloroplast genome of Lindera pulcherrima var. hemsleyana (Lauraceae).

Lindera pulcherrima var. hemsleyana is an evergreen tree of the genus Lindera with important medicinal value. The complete chloroplast genome of L. pulcherrima var. hemsleyana is 152,710 bp in length, containing a LSC region of 93,751 bp, a SSC region of 18,813 bp, and a pair of inverted repeats (IRA and IRB) of 20,073 bp each. The genome encoded 128 genes, including 83 protein-coding genes, 8 ribosomal RNA genes, 36 transfer RNA genes, and one pseudogene (ycf1). Most of these genes occurred in a single copy, whereas 15 genes occurred in double copies, including all rRNA, 6 tRNA, and 5 protein-coding genes. The GC content of the whole genome, LSC, SSC, and IR regions is 39.2%, 38.0%, 33.9%, and 44.4%, respectively. A total of 90 SSRs were discovered, the numbers of mono-, di-, tri-, tetra-, penta-, and hexa-nucleotides SSRs were 66, 10, 4, 8, 1, and 1, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis of cp genomes from 24 species of Lauraceae revealed that cp genomes of L. pulcherrima var. hemsleyana, L. pulcherrima var. attenuata, and L. pulcherrima formed a monophyletic clade with 100% bootstrap value.

Inhibitory effect of paeonol on aortic endothelial inflammation in atherosclerotic rats by up-regulation of caveolin-1 expression and suppression of NF-κB pathway / 中国中药杂志

To explore whether paeonol can play an anti-atherosclerotic role by regulating the expression of aortic caveolin-1 and affecting NF-κB pathway, so as to inhibit the inflammatory response of vascular endothelium in atherosclerotic rats. The atherosclerotic model of rats was induced by high-fat diet and vitamin D_2. The primary culture of vascular endothelial cells(VECs) was carried out by tissue block pre-digestion and adherent method. The injury model of VECs was induced by lipopolysaccharide(LPS), and filipin, a small concave protein inhibitor, was added for control. HE staining was used to observe pathological changes of aorta. TNF-α, IL-6 and VCAM-1 were detected by ELISA. Western blot assay was used to detect the protein expression levels of caveolin-1 and p65 in aorta and VECs. The results showed that as compared with model group, paeonol significantly reduced aortic plaque area and lesion degree in rats, decreased the level of serum TNF-α, IL-6 and VCAM-1 in the rats and enhanced the relative expression level of caveolin-1, decreased p65 expression conversely(P<0.05 or P<0.01). In vitro, as compared to model group, paeonol obviously improved cell morphology, decreased the secretion of TNF-α, IL-6 and VCAM-1 in VECs, increased caveolin-1 expression, and decreased p65 protein expression(P<0.05 or P<0.01). Furthermore, filipin could reverse the effect of paeonol on expression of inflammatory factors and proteins(P<0.05 or P<0.01). According to the results, it was found that paeonol could play the role of anti-atherosclerosis by up-regulating the expression of caveolin-1 and inhibiting the activation of NF-κB pathway to reduce vascular inflammation in atherosclerotic rats.

Application of delayed-enhancement MRI in lumpectomy cavity delineation for patients after breast-conserving surgery in prone radiotherapy using deformable image registration / 中华放射肿瘤学杂志

Objective:To assess the feasibility of delayed-enhancement MRI in contouring the lumpectomy cavity (LC) for patients with invisible seroma or a low cavity visualization score (CVS≤2) in the excision cavity after breast-conserving surgery (BCS).Methods:Twenty-six patients with stage T 1-2N 0M 0 who underwent prone radiotherapy after BCS were recruited. The LC delineated on CT simulation images was denoted as LC CT. The LCs delineated on T 2WI, as well as on different delayed phases (2-, 5-and 10-minute) of delayed-enhancement T 1WI were defined as LC T2, LC 2T1, LC 5T1 and LC 10T1, respectively. Subsequently, the volumes and locations of the LCs were compared between CT simulation images and different sequences of MR simulation images using deformable image registration. Results:The volumes of LC T2, LC 2T1, LC 5T1 and LC 10T1 were all larger than that of LC CT. A statistical significance was found between the volume of LC CT and those of LC 2T1 or LC 5T1, respectively (both P<0.05). The conformal index (CI), degree of inclusion (DI), dice similarity coefficient (DSC) and the distance between the center of mass of the targets (COM) of LC CT-LC 10T1 were better than those of LC CT-LC T2, LC CT-LC 2T1 and LC CT-LC 5T1, however, there was no statistical difference among them (all P>0.05). Conclusions:It is feasible to delineate the LC based on prone delayed-enhancement MR simulation images in patients with low CVS after BCS. Meanwhile, the LCs derived from prone delayed-enhancement T 1WI of 10-minute are the most similar with those derived from prone CT simulation scans using titanium clips, regardless of the volumes and locations of LCs.

Comparison of clinical efficacy between simultaneous integrated boostintensity-modulated radiotherapy (SIB-IMRT) and late-course boost intensity-modulated radiotherapy (LB-IMRT) for early-stage breast cancer after breast-conserving surgery / 中华放射肿瘤学杂志

Subject To compare the irradiation-induced injury and clinical efficacy between SIB-IMRT and LB-IMRT for early-stage breast cancer after breast-conserving surgery.Methods:From November 2002 to February 2012, 353 early breast cancer patients who underwent IMRT after breast-preserving surgery at Shandong Cancer Hospital were selected, of whom 218 patients receiving SIB-IMRT and 135 patients receiving LB-IMRT.The prescription dose of the SIB-IMRT group was the ipsilateral breast (PTV b ) 1.8-1.9 Gy, 27-28 times, and concurrent tumor bed (PTV t) 2.15-2.3 Gy, 27-28 times. In the LB-IMRT group, the prescription dose was PTV b 2.0 Gy, 25 times, followed by PTV t boost 2.0 Gy, 5-8 times. Results:The median follow-up time was 92 months. The excellent, good, fair, and poor cosmetic results in the SIB-IMRT and LB-IMRT groups were 10.1% and 12.6%, 85.8% and 80.7%, 3.7% and 5.2%, 0.5%, and 0.7%, respectively ( P=0.731). The 5-year locoregional recurrence rates (LRRs) in the SIB-IMRT and LB-IMRT groups were 3.21% and 5.93% and the 10-year LRRs were 4.13% and 6.67%, respectively ( P=0.209, 0.280). The 3-, 5-, 8-, and 10-year overall survival rate in the SIB-IMRT and LB-IMRT groups were 97.7% and 97.8%, 96.3% and 95.2%, 94.9% and 92.0%, 93.6% and 90.3%, respectively ( P=0.288). The 3-, 5-, 8-, and 10-year disease-free survival in the SIB-IMRT and LB-IMRT groups were 95.4% and 93.8%, 91.8% and 87.7%, 89.9% and 84.1%, 89.0% and 82.1%, respectively ( P=0.160). Conclusion:There is no significant difference in the cosmetic effect, local control rate, and survival rate between SIB-IMRT and LB-IMRT after breast-preserving surgery in patients with early-stage breast cancer. SIB-IMRT is a safe and feasible treatment.

Comparison of gross target volumes based on four-dimensional CT, positron emission tomography-computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging in thoracic esophageal cancer / 中华放射肿瘤学杂志

Objective:To investigate the application value of 18F-FDG PET-CT combined with MRI in the radiotherapy for esophageal carcinoma by comparing the differences in the gross target volume (GTV), position length delineated on the end expiratory (EE) phase of 4DCT, PET-CT and T 2-weighted MRI (T 2W-MRI). Methods:Twenty-six patients with thoracic esophageal cancer scheduled to receive concurrent chemoradiotherapy sequentially underwent 3DCT, 4DCT, PET-CT and enhanced MRI for thoracic localization. All images were fused with the 3DCT images by deformable registration. GTV CT, GTV 50% GTV PET2.5, GTV MRI and GTV DWI were delineated on 3DCT, the EE phase of 4DCT images, PET-CT with the thresholds of SUV≥2.5, T 2W-MRI and diffusion-weighted images, respectively. Results:GTV PET2.5 was significantly larger than GTV 50% and GTV MRI ( P<0.001 and P=0.008), whereas the volume of GTV MRI was similar to that of GTV 50%( P=0.439). Significant differences were observed between the CI of GTV MRI to GTV 50% and GTV PET2.5 to GTV 50%( P=0.004). The conformity indexes (CIs) of GTV MRI to GTV CT and GTV PET2.5 to GTV CT were statistically significant ( P=0.004 and P=0.039). The CI of GTV MRI to GTV PET2.5 was significantly smaller than that of GTV MRI to GTV 50%, GTV MRI to GTV CT, GTV PET2.5 to GTV 50% and GTV PET2.5 to GTV CT ( P=0.000-0.021). The length of gastroscopy was similar to those of GTV PET2.5 and GTV DWI (both P>0.05), and there was no significant difference in the length between GTV PET2.5 and GTV DWI ( P=0.072). Conclusion:GTV MRI yields significantly different volume and poor spatial matching compared with GTV PET2.5. The application of PET-CT combined with MRI under respiratory gating system in the delineation of GTV should be used with caution in thoracic squamous esophageal cancer. MRI-DWI can replace PET-CT to help determine the upper and lower boundaries of GTV based on CT images.

Characterization of the complete chloroplast genome of a medicinal plant, Wikstroemia indica (Thymelaeaceae).

The complete chloroplast genome of Wikstroemia indica, a medicinal plant with a variety of medicinal functions in treatment for arthritis, whooping cough, cancer, and bacillosis, was generated by de novo assembly using whole genome next-generation sequencing. The plastome was a quadripartite circular with 151,731 bp in length; containing a large single-copy (LSC) region of 86,523 bp and a small single-copy (SSC) region of 12,384 bp; separated by 2 inverted repeat (IR) regions of 26,403 bp each. The chloroplast genome contained 124 genes, including 79 protein-coding genes, 37 tRNA genes, and 8 rRNA genes. The GC content in the whole cp genome, LSC region, SSC region, and IR region were 37.4, 34.9, 32.4, and 42.6%, respectively. The phylogenetic tree indicated that W. indica has a close relationship with Stellera chamaejasme with 100% support.