Multi-frequency signal acquisition and phase measurement in space gravitational wave detection.

To enhance the accuracy of phase measurement and to prevent tracking errors, it is crucial to effectively read the multi-frequency signal in space gravitational wave detection. In this paper, a novel signal acquisition method called the multi-frequency acquisition algorithm is proposed and implemented. Different from the traditional single-frequency acquisition, the signal characteristics of amplitude and frequency are both considered to better distinguish different frequency components. A phasemeter integrated with the acquisition method and narrow-bandwidth digital phase-locked loop is constructed for the method test and verification. The results show that the multi-frequency acquisition unit can capture all the frequencies of an input signal in several milliseconds. The precision is better than ±200 Hz under a low SNR (signal-to-noise ratio) of 0 dB. The phase noise can reach 2 µrad/Hz1/2 in the frequency range of 0.1-1 Hz and satisfy the requirement of the space gravitational wave detection in all frequency ranges.

ZnCo2O4 composite catalyst accelerated removal of phenylic contaminants containing of Cr(VI) in dielectric barrier discharge reactor: Process and mechanism study.

The degradation of phenylic contaminants (phenol, hydroquinone, nitrobenzene, p-nitrophenol) containing Cr(VI) has been investigated in a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) system using a ZnCo2O4 composite catalyst. The ZnCo2O4 nanowires combined with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) on a sponge substrate in the discharge system can induce a decrease in the corona inception voltage and discharge becomes more stable resulting in an improvement in the energy utilization efficiency. With the synergistic degradation of phenylic species containing Cr(VI), the total elimination efficiency was further improved. The active substances (H2O2 and O3) were detected in the discharged solution, and some of them were consumed in the phenylic system. The effects of ·OH, O2·- and e- were also verified using free radical trapping experiments in which ·OH exhibited the main oxidation effect for the degradation of phenylic pollutants, and e-, H2O2 and H· affect the reduction of Cr(VI). The intermediate products were determined in order to analyze the degradation process of phenylic pollutants by the ZnCo2O4 composite catalyst in combination with the DBD system. The electron transfer process in the ZnCo2O4 composite catalyst during discharge was analyzed. Finally, the biotoxicity of the phenylic pollutants before and after degradation was compared.

CQDs improved the photoelectrocatalytic performance of plasma assembled WO3/TiO2-NRs for bisphenol A degradation.

Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) have been supported on WO3/TiO2-NRs using a hydrothermal method and a novel CQDs/WO3/TiO2-NRs composite formed via dielectric barrier discharge. The composite electrodes were characterized using morphology, structural, optical and electrochemical analysis. The CQDs were successfully prepared on the composite electrode with the highest photocurrent density reaching 2.51 mA·cm-2 under UV-visible light irradiation (100 mW·cm-2) and an applied voltage of 0.6 V vs. Ag/AgCl. The CQDs/WO3/TiO2-NRs electrode exhibited a good degradation effect toward bisphenol A (BPA) (75.66 %) combined with the production of hydrogen (0.89 mmol) in Na2SO4 system after 2 h of the photoelectrocatalytic (PEC) reaction and the BPA degradation rate reached 100 % after 7 min of reaction in both simulated and real seawater. The CQDs/WO3/TiO2-NRs exhibited excellent stability and efficient PEC performance in which the CQDs acted as electron reservoirs to capture and promote charge separation. Our analysis of intermediates of BPA degradation indicated the possible degradation pathways that mainly formed BPA polymers in the Na2SO4 system or chlorinated compounds in the high chloride salt system.

Promoting the reduction of CO2 to formate and formaldehyde via gas-liquid interface dielectric barrier discharge using a Zn0.5Cd0.5S/CoP/multiwalled carbon nanotubes catalyst.

A Zn0.5Cd0.5S (ZCS) solid solution was prepared using a hydrothermal method, in which CoP nanowires were added as a co-catalyst and co-deposited with multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) on sponge to prepare a series of ZCS/CoP/MWNTs/sponge electrodes. The microstructures of catalysts were analyzed to confirm ZCS and CoP were successfully loaded in MWNTs/sponge. The CO2 reduction products (formate and formaldehyde) produced via dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) using the different catalysts proved that the introduction of the CoP nanowires co-catalyst can enhance the catalytic activity of ZCS/MWNTs/sponge in the DBD system. Using 10% CoP and a ZCS/CoP concentration of 2.5 g·L-1, the resulting ZCS/CoP/MWNTs/sponge catalyst exhibited the best catalytic of CO2 reduction ability toward formate (7894.6 µmol·L-1) and formaldehyde (308.5 µmol·L-1) after 60 min of discharge, respectively. The proposed DBD catalytic mechanism for the reduction of CO2 was analyzed according to the Tafel slope, density functional theory calculations, photocurrent density and plasma reaction process. Furthermore, the application of the DBD catalytic technology for CO2 capture and reduction was shown to be efficient in a seawater system, and as such, it could be useful for marine CO2 storage and conversion.

Pro-environmental behavior and smartphone uses of on-campus engineering students in Xi'an, China.

BACKGROUND: The usage status, waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) related to the smartphones of on-campus engineering students should be studied. Furthermore, the correlations between their smartphone profiles with energy consumption and environmental knowledge should be understood make measures improve their environmental behaviors. METHODS: Pro-environmental behavior and smartphone uses of the on-campus engineering undergraduates in Xi'an, China, were investigated with a self-designed questionnaire anonymously. The energy-saving activities they participated in and their e-waste treatment patterns were analyzed. RESULTS: Most of the respondents had a smartphone with large screen and high battery capacity, which also had long standby/usage time and frequent charging. Average daily power consumption of one smartphone was estimated to be 6.475 Wh. The surveyed undergraduate students changed their smartphones frequently, which produced large quantities of WEEE annually. CONCLUSION: Most on-campus students treated their waste smartphones in the proper ways. However, some of them were short of environmental knowledge about their smartphones. Some measures were suggested to improve their environmental concerns. The findings will help the on-campus engineering undergraduates in China to use their smartphones rationally and to deal with their waste smartphones appropriately.

Evidence mapping of clinical research on 28 Chinese patent medicines for tension-type headache / 中国中药杂志

In this study, the evidence mapping methodology was used to systematically retrieve and sort out the clinical research evidence of Chinese patent medicines in the treatment of tension-type headache(TTH), and to understand the distribution of evidence in this field and the basis and quality of evidence. Chinese and English articles on the 28 Chinese patent medicines for TTH, which were recorded in National Essential Medicines List(2018), Medicine Catalogue for National Basic Medical Insurance, Work Injury Insurance, and Maternity Insurance(2020), and Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2020), were retrieved from China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI), Wanfang, VIP, China Biology Medicine disc(CBMdisc), PubMed, EMbase, and Cochrane Library from the establishment to June 2021, followed by descriptive analysis. Then, tables and bubble charts were plotted to analyze the distribution characteristics of evidence. A total of 129 eligible articles were yielded: 126 randomized/non-randomized controlled trials, and 3 systematic reviews. The functions, indications, and composition of the 28 medicines, as well as the proportion of related articles, publication trends, intervention measures, and outcome indicators were compared and analyzed. The results showed that the 28 Chinese patent medicines, composed of 128 Chinese medicinals, can be classified into six categories in terms of function: reinforcing healthy Qi, tranquilizing mind, dispelling stasis, regulating Qi, treating wind, and resuscitating. There are ongoing efforts to study the treatment of TTH with Chinese patent medicine in China, despite of little evidence. The clinical positioning of Chinese patent medicine for TTH is not clear, and clinical research fails to highlight the advantages of Chinese medicine. In addition, the outcome indicators have not been standardized and unified, and there is a lack of evidence on the long-term efficacy of Chinese patent medicine for TTH. This study is the first exploratory application of evidence maps to compare the characteristics and clinical research progress of 28 Chinese patent medicines for TTH, which can provide a reference for research on the optimization of Chinese medicine strategies for TTH.

Environmental Impacts of Styrene-Butadiene-Styrene Toughened Wood Fiber/Polylactide Composites: A Cradle-to-Gate Life Cycle Assessment.

In this study, a life cycle assessment (LCA) was used to investigate the environmental benefits of using styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) to modify polylactide (PLA)-based wood plastic composites (WPCs), with a process-based and input-output hybrid model. The results showed that one metric ton of the SBS-modified WPCs required 1.93 × 108 kJ of energy (Sample 2) and 46 m3 of water (Sample 4), and that it could produce 42.3 kg of solid waste (Sample 2) during its cradle-to-gate life cycle phases. The environmental impact load (EIL) and photochemistry oxidation potential (PCOP) accounted for the largest share, while the eutrophication potential (EP) took the smallest one. The total EIL index of Samples 1, 2, 3, and 4 added up to 1.942, 1.960, 1.899, and 1.838, respectively. The SBS-modified WPCs were found to be more environmentally friendly than their unmodified counterparts when they had the same or higher wood fiber (WF) content. SBS was viable to toughen the PLA-based WPCs from an environmental perspective. This cradle-to-gate LCA is likely to help optimize the manufacturing process and mitigate environmental impacts for the natural fiber-reinforced polymer biocomposites.

Facile Fabrication of 100% Bio-based and Degradable Ternary Cellulose/PHBV/PLA Composites.

Modifying bio-based degradable polymers such as polylactide (PLA) and poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) with non-degradable agents will compromise the 100% degradability of their resultant composites. This work developed a facile and solvent-free route in order to fabricate 100% bio-based and degradable ternary cellulose/PHBV/PLA composite materials. The effects of ball milling on the physicochemical properties of pulp cellulose fibers, and the ball-milled cellulose particles on the morphology and mechanical properties of PHBV/PLA blends, were investigated experimentally and statistically. The results showed that more ball-milling time resulted in a smaller particle size and lower crystallinity by way of mechanical disintegration. Filling PHBV/PLA blends with the ball-milled celluloses dramatically increased the stiffness at all of the levels of particle size and filling content, and improved their elongation at the break and fracture work at certain levels of particle size and filling content. It was also found that the high filling content of the ball-milled cellulose particles was detrimental to the mechanical properties for the resultant composite materials. The ternary cellulose/PHBV/PLA composite materials have some potential applications, such as in packaging materials and automobile inner decoration parts. Furthermore, filling content contributes more to the variations of their mechanical properties than particle size does. Statistical analysis combined with experimental tests provide a new pathway to quantitatively evaluate the effects of multiple variables on a specific property, and figure out the dominant one for the resultant composite materials.

Design of image diagnostic module for tent-form field medical system / 医疗卫生装备

Object To develop an easy-assembled and-disassembled image diagnostic module to solve the problems of the tent-form field medical system in size, weight, mobility, accessories, protection and etc, which is of high references for combination and integration scheme of large-scale digital imaging equipment by adopting box instrumentation.Methods The module had its design executed with system modeling, structure simulation and CAD after its service requirements were analyzed. The design fell into the ones for overall framework, combination mode, packaging and buffer vibration isolation, ergonomics, box instrumentation, radiography accessories for vertical and horizontal positions, protection device and etc.Results The module was gifted with radiodiagnosis-related performances such as digital radiography, digital diagnosis,diagnosis reporting, compatibility to vertical- and horizontal- position radiography, and radiation protection during war conditions.Conclusion The module developed gains advantages in power, continuous radiography, assembling and disassembling, accessories and protection, and thus meets the requirements of the tent-form field medical system in mass casualties imaging diagnosis.

Design of casualty sorting unit in tent-form field medical system / 医疗卫生装备

Object To design a casualty sorting unit with chest integrated with table in the tent-form field medical system.Methods The unit was designed with virtual prototype simulation and CAD, which took considerations on the service orientation, the types and quantity of equipment and devices as well as the requirements for packaging box's size and dimensions of the tent-form field medical system.Results The unit had a size of 1795 mm ×600 mm ×600 mm when deployed, and could be used as the field diagnostic and treatment table; the size was 800 mm ×600 mm ×600 mm when withdrawn, when the module met the requirements of the tent-form field medical system for the packaging box and could be used to hold valuable devices such as color Doppler ultrasound and ECG machine. Finite element simulation and check verified that the module had shape and stress changes due to austere force satisfy the desired requirements.Conclusion The unit gains advantages in deployment and withdrawal, materials, mechanical structure and ergonomics-based operation, accords with the requirements for modularity and multi function integrated into one decice, and enhances the efficiency of casualty sorting in the tent-form field medical system.

Design and experimental research on mobile class 1000 laminar flow clean field surgery unit / 医疗卫生装备

Object To design a mobile class 1000 laminar flow clean field surgery unit to provide a clean space to facilitate the mobile medical rescue team to execute emergency operations in the field tent, private house and etc.Methods The principle of positive pressure isolation and finite element simulation were involved in the design of two-way air intake channel on the top, flexible isolation laminar flow clean module which could be constructed rapidly, three-stage composite clean air supply module and integrated surgery module with box instrumentation.Results The field surgery unit had all its performances meet the desired requirements, of which, the ventilation rate was 24 times per hour, the relative positive atmospheric pressure value was higher than 5 Pa in the surgical unit, and the cleanness reached level 6 at the operating and surrounding areas.Conclusion The field surgical unit can be deployed rapidly, and has the key indexes accord with the desired requirements for cleanness, ventilation rate and positive pressure difference, and thus can be used for the surgery support of the mobile medical rescue team during wartime operations and emergency medical rescue.

Development of medical operation module in tent-form field medical system / 医疗卫生装备

Object To develop a box-type medical operation module based on analyses on missions and equipment requirements of the commanding group in the medical service facilities so as to facilitate the organization, coordination and information acquisition in the tent-form field medical system.Methods The medical operation module was designed with the analyses on the service orientation of medical commanding and operation as well as the requirements for functions and technical indexes, the thoughts and technical forms of modularization, integration and vibration isolation, and the methods of system modeling, structural simulation and CAD.Results The medical operation module was gifted with the functions of medical operation, communication, broadcasting, network and etc, and gained advantages in box instrumentation, multi-function eqipment, easy deployment, withdrawal, transport and storage.Conclusion The medical operation module behaves well in structure, multi function, layout and operation, and thus can be used for medical commanding in the tent-form field medical system.

Design of first aid module in tent-form field medical system / 医疗卫生装备

Objective To design a multi-function first-aid module integrating instruments with the box to solve the existing problems in integration, operation, deployment, withdrawal, environmental adaptability and etc, so as to realize integrated storage, transport and operation of the instruments. Methods The module had its structure, modes of deployment and withdrawal, instruments buffering and vibration isolation, ergonomics and etc designed with the technologies of integrating box and instruments, integration, buffering and vibration isolation, centralized oxygen and power supply as well as the methods of system modeling,structure simulation and CAD.Results The first-aid module was gifted with the functions of respiratory and circulatory rehabilitation,vital signs monitoring,emergency treatment of complex and multi injuries, which could be used as a 2 000 mm×800 mm×600 mm emergency treatment platform when deployed. There were 4 angles for adjusting the backboard to form anti-shock positions for the severe casualties.The module had the time for deployment and withdrawal not more than 5 min,and was easy to deploy,withdraw,transport and store.Conclusion The module behaves well in structure,function,layout,operation and military service when used for the treatment of the severe casualties in the tent-form field medical system,which contributes to enhancing the casualty treatment efficiency and prognosis.[Chinese Medi-cal Equipment Journal,2018,39(5):12-16]

Design and application of field tent hospital system / 医疗卫生装备

Objective To develop a set of field tent hospital system to further enhance campaign-level medical support service. Methods The system had its service orientation, functional requirements, component unit and modular elements determined with system analysis. The technical architecture was realized with tent combined with boxes, and the system modules were designed with the method of integrated box and instruments.Results The system had its design executed from the aspects of layout,composition of grid tent,medical functional units,support unit and packaging unit,which was applied in a series of military medical support operations in foreign countries and China as well as in the construction of national medical emergency rescue forces. Conclusion The system gains advantages in modularity, integration, completing, informatization and standardization,and thus greatly enhances the military medical support ability and national emergency medical rescue ability in China.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2018,39(5):1-6,16]

Overall design of whole process management system of medical equipment / 医疗卫生装备

Objective To design a whole process management information system of the field medical equipment.Methods According to the problems found in the management of medical equipment, the functional requirements of different user systems were determined.The system was developed with combined Java and C languages,Eclipse and Visual Studio 2012, and was connected into military integrated information network according to security requirements.Results By applying the whole process management system of the field medical equipment, all process data could be managed from purchasing, warehousing,distribution,use,maintenance,R&D and so on.Conclusion By applying this system,the management of the field medical equipment is improved, functional requirements are met of all levels of health equipment management, the platform for data sharing among relevant departments is set up,and the static mode is transformed into a real-time,dynamic and whole process one for field medical equipment management.

Fracture Surface Morphology and Impact Strength of Cellulose/PLA Composites.

Polylactide (PLA)-based composite materials reinforced with ball-milled celluloses were manufactured by extrusion blending followed by injection molding. Their surface morphology from impact fracture were imaged with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and investigated by calculating their fractal dimensions. Then, linear regression was used to explore the relationship between fractal dimension and impact strength of the resultant cellulose/PLA composite materials. The results show that filling the ball-milled celluloses into PLA can improve the impact toughness of PLA by a minimum of 38%. It was demonstrated that the fracture pattern of the cellulose/PLA composite materials is different from that of pristine PLA. For the resultant composite materials, the fractal dimension of the impact fractured surfaces increased with increasing filling content and decreasing particle size of the ball-milled cellulose particles. There were highly positive correlations between fractal dimension of the fractured surfaces and impact strength of the cellulose/PLA composites. However, the linearity between fractal dimension and impact strength were different for the different methods, due to their different R-squared values. The approach presented in this work will help to understand the structure-property relationships of composite materials from a new perspective.

Effect of acute normovolemic hemodilution combined with controlled hypotension on extravascular lung water and oxygenation in elderly orthopaedic surgery patients / 临床麻醉学杂志

Objective To investigate the effect of acute normovolemic hemodilution (ANH) combined with controlled hypotension (CH) on the extravascular lung water (EVLW) and oxygenation in elderly orthopaedic surgery patients.Methods Forty-five elderly orthopaedics surgery patients,23 males,22 females,aged 65-75 years old,ASA grade Ⅰ or Ⅱ,were randomly divided into 3 groups (n=15 each).Group A,served as control,received regular routine transfusion and intraoperative crystalloid fluids and colloidal liquid to add volume.Group B,namely ANH group,received normovolemic hemodilution till Hct reaching 30% after induction of anesthesia.Group C,ANH combined with CH group,received ANH with Hct reaching 30% after induction of anesthesia,and the patients were continuously pumped nitroglycerin combined with esmolol for controlled hypotension.The target mean arterial pressure controlled and cut by 30% below the basic value.We collected arterial blood for blood gas analysis at 5 points: before before induction of anesthesia (T1),immediately after ANH (T2),30 min after ANH (T3),30 min after CH (T4),immediately after surgery (T5).Meanwhile the MAP,HR,PaO2,SpO2,Hct,HCO3-,pH,cardiac index (CI),stroke volume variation (SVV),stroke volume index (SVI),extravascular lung water index (EVLWI) and intrathoracic blood volume index (ITBVI) were recorded.Blood loss,urine output after surgery and the operation time were also recorded.Results The volumes of autoblood removed had no significant difference between group B and group C,and no autoblood was removed in group A.The volume of blood loss in group C was significantly less than that in group A and group B (P<0.05).Six cases in group A,one case in group B and none in group C needed homologous allogeneic blood transfusion.Compared with T1,MAP,HR,CI,SVI and Hct were significantly decreased at T2-T5 (P<0.05),but all those are stable in the normal range.Compared with T1,SVV was significantly decreased at T2-T4 (P<0.05).Compared with T1,ITBVI,PaO2 and SpO2 were increased at T2-T5 (P<0.05),but all those are stable in the normal range.CI and SVI at T2 in group A was significantly lower than that in group B and C.Compared with group A and B,MAP at T4 in group C were significantly decreased and SVV at T4 in group C were significantly increased(P<0.05).Urine output,the operation time,EVLWI,HCO3-and pH in three groups had no significant difference.Conclusion Acute normovolemic hemodilution combined with controlled hypotension has an effect of saving blood in elderly patients,without any influence on the extravascular lung water and oxygenation,which can be used safely in elderly patients which they are monitored.

Preliminary research on gene mutation in 10 children patients with esophageal atresia / 国际检验医学杂志

Objective To explore the genetic variation in children patients with esophageal atresia (EA ) to provide a prophase basis for further studying EA pathogenesis .Methods Ten children cases of EA were collected from the neonatal surgery department of our hospital .The high-throughput whole-exon sequencing was used to study the genetic variations ,and their clinical significance was analyzed by the bioinformatics methods .Results In the high quality sequencing data ,the effective clean reads accounted for 85 .36% ,in which 97% of the clean reads could participate in the comparison with the reference genes .The comparison analysis obtained 520541 single nucleotide polymorphism sites ,in which single nucleotide variation(SNV) occurred at 149622 sites ,including synonymous mutation ,nonsynonymous mutation ,stop codon gain ,stop codon loss ,frameshift insertion ,nonframeshift insertion ,unknown mutation ;meanwhile ,598 copy number variation genes were detected .The functional cluster analysis revealed that the mutant genes were closely related to cell biology .Conclusion The SNV occurrence may influence the expression and function of body various proteins and may play an important role in EA pathogenesis .

Aspiration of coagulated hematoma in the third and fourth ventricles via paracele anterior horn puncture / 中华创伤杂志(英文版)

Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) is a neurological urgency with a high mortality and unfavorable prognosis. Fast removal of intraventricular blood should be considered as a priority. The current treatments of IVH mainly focus on external ventricular drain and endoscopic aspiration, but neither way can remove the blood in the fourth ventricle easily and relieve the compression of brainstem. Here we report a unique procedure to solve this problem. A 41-year-old male patient who had suffered sudden attack of headache and disturbance of consciousness for 2 h was diagnosed as having high density lesion in the whole ventricular system by computed tomographic (CT) imaging. An emergent bilateral ventriculopuncture and intraventricular hematoma removal under non-line-of-sight was performed immediately; the catheter was extended to the fourth ventricle to maximally remove the hematoma. Postoperative CT scan demonstrated total removal of IVH and no sign of extra brain damage.

Preparation of an Electrochemical Sensor for Determination of Chlortetracycline Based on Molecularly Imprinted Film / 分析化学

An electrochemical sensor has been developed for the selective determination of chlortetracycline ( CTC) using the molecularly imprinted technique. A molecular imprinted polymer ( MIP) on the surface of a glassy carbon electrode ( GCE ) was prepared by electropolymerization of o-aminophenol ( OAP ) in the presence of CTC in the sodium perchlorate ( NaClO4 ) solution using cyclic voltammetry ( CV ) . The electrochemical performance of the sensor was studied by using differential pulse voltammetry ( DPV ) . A linear relationship between the peak current difference and the CTC concentration was found in the range of 2. 0×10-8-6. 1×10-7 mol/L with the detection limit of 1. 5×10-8 mol/L (3σ). After regeneration by washing with the mixture of methanol and sulfuric acid, the sensor showed excellent reproducibility and good stability. The MIP electrode exhibited almost no response to chloramphenicol and penicillin, and very weak responses to tetracycline and oxytetracycline, proving a good selectivity. Recoveries of standard addition measured in the actual samples of milk and chicken meat were between 86 . 4% -96 . 9%. Compared with the reported methods, this sensor showed a low detection limit, simple operation without derivatization, rapid response and low cost.