The effectiveness of various treatment approaches for laryngeal contact granulomas.

OBJECTIVES: To assess and compare the effectiveness of various treatment approaches for laryngeal contact granulomas (LCG). METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted on a cohort of 45 patients diagnosed with LCG at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University from October 2017 to May 2023. Based on the treatment modalities administered, patients were categorized into three groups: acid suppression alone, hormone injection combined with acid suppression, and surgery combined with acid suppression. Subsequently, the study compared differences in treatment efficacy and average healing time among these three groups, using various indicators. RESULTS: The findings indicate that the granuloma size in LCG patients with hoarseness (0.126, 95% CI 0.087-0.288) was significantly greater compared to LCG patients without hoarseness (0.047, 95% CI 0.014-0.083) (P = 0.001). However, there were no significant variations in age, morphology (unlobulated/lobulated), laterality ratio (left/right), sex ratio (male/female), history of tracheal intubation (non-intubation/intubation), and RFS score (RFS > 7/RFS ≤ 7) (P > 0.05), regardless of the presence of hoarseness symptoms. At the treatment observation endpoint of 3 months, the curative ratio in the group receiving hormone injection combined with acid suppression was found to be significantly higher compared to the group receiving acid suppression alone (P = 0.018). In addition, the average healing time of patients in the hormone injection combined with acid suppression group was notably shorter than that of the acid suppression alone group (P = 0.007). CONCLUSIONS: The combination of hormonal injections and acid suppression may enhance the curative ratio and expedite the healing time of LCG.

The subglottic involvement is an independent risk factor for recurrence of laryngeal amyloidosis.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the risk factors for recurrence of laryngeal amyloidosis (LA). METHODS: The clinical data of patients with LA admitted in the Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Department of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University from August 2009 to June 2022 were analyzed retrospectively; then, the risk factors for recurrence and their impacts on the recurrence time were also analyzed. RESULTS: Of the 44 patients with LA, the majority (38 cases, 86.4%) only involved one anatomical region and the others (6 cases, 13.6%) involved two laryngeal regions concurrently. Overall, the glottic region was the most commonly affected area (28 cases, 63.6%), followed by the supraglottic region (16 cases, 36.4%) and subglottic region (6 cases, 13.6%). In addition, all the lesions were categorized as isolated nodule (31.8%), submucosal localized deposition (52.3%), and submucosal diffuse deposition (15.9%) according to their morphologies under electronic laryngoscope. Finally, six patients (13.6%) had recurrence after operation with a median recurrence time of 24.5 months, and subglottic involvement was confirmed to be an independent risk factor for recurrence of LA by univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, the patients with subglottic involvement presented as submucosal diffuse deposition had a considerable shorter recurrence time (t = 5.759, P = 0.005). CONCLUSION: The subglottic involvement is an independent risk factor for recurrence of LA.

Stable isotopic analysis of water utilization characteristics of four xerophytic shrubs in the Hobq Desert, Northern China.

Quantitative identification of water utilization characteristics of xerophytic shrubs is an important prerequisite for the selection and optimization of a regional artificial sand-fixing vegetation system. In this study, a hydrogen (δD) stable isotope technique was used to study the changes in water use characteristics of four typical xerophytic shrubs, Caragana korshinskii, Salix psammophila, Artemisia ordosica, and Sabina vulgaris in the Hobq Desert under light (4.8 mm after 1 and 5 days) and heavy (22.4 mm after 1 and 8 days) rainfall events. Under light rainfall, C. korshinskii and S. psammophila primarily used the 80-140 cm layer of soil water (37-70%) and groundwater (13-29%), and the water use characteristics did not change significantly after the light rainfall event. However, the utilization ratio of A. ordosica to soil water in the 0-40 cm layer increased from less than 10% on the first day after rain to more than 97% on the fifth day after rain, whereas the utilization ratio of S. vulgaris to soil water in the 0-40 cm layer also increased from 43% to nearly 60%. Under heavy rainfall, C. korshinskii and S. psammophila still used the 60-140 cm layer (56-99%) and groundwater (~15%), while the main water utilization depth of A. ordosica and S. vulgaris expanded to 0-100 cm. Based on the above results, C. korshinskii and S. psammophila primarily use the soil moisture of the 80-140 cm layer and groundwater, while A. ordosica and S. vulgaris use the soil moisture of the 0-100 cm layer. Therefore, the co-existence of A. ordosica and S. vulgaris will increase the competition between artificial sand-fixing plants, while the combination of the two plants with C. korshinskii and S. psammophila will avoid competition between artificial sand-fixing plants to some extent. This study provides important guidance for regional vegetation construction and sustainable management of an artificial vegetation system.

The effect of OSA on the negative pressure and acoustic compliance of middle ear cavity in children.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) on the negative pressure and acoustic compliance of middle ear cavity in children. METHODS: The clinical data of 258 children with suspected OSA, who complained of mouth breathing or snoring at night in the Department of Otolaryngology Head and neck surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University from August 2020 to March 2022, were enrolled and analyzed retrospectively. The OSA and otitis media with effusion (OME) were determined by polysomnography (PSG) and acoustic immittance examination, respectively. Then, the parameters of tympanometry were compared between OSA and non-OSA children or among the children with various severity of OSA. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in the incidence of OME between children with OSA and those with non-OSA (15.80% vs 11.80%, P = 0.422). Compared with non-OSA children, OSA children had lower negative pressure (-56.42 vs -12.38, P < 0.001) and higher acoustic compliance (0.45 vs 0.38, P = 0.030) in middle ear cavity. There were also significant differences in negative pressure and acoustic compliance among children with mild, moderate and severe OSA (P < 0.001; P = 0.001). However, only the absolute value of negative pressure was markedly decreased after surgical therapy accompanied with transformation from OSA to non-OSA (-156.67 vs -45.67, P < 0.05), while this was not observed for acoustic compliance (0.48 vs 0.40, P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: OSA may have an adverse influence on the negative pressure and acoustic compliance of middle ear cavity in children.

Compound Gaoziban tablet alleviates depression toll-like receptor 4/myeloid differentiation factor 88/nuclear factor-kappa B pathway.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of compound Gaoziban tablet (, CGZBT) on depression, and to investigate the underlying mechanism. METHODS: The components of CGZBT were analysed by high-performance liquid chromatography. Then, we assessed the effects of varying doses of CGZBT on an established chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) model in rats. Whether animals were depressed was evaluated by sucrose preference test, open field test and forced swimming test. Neurotransmitters of hippocampus were detected by liquid chromatography-mass spec-trometry. Serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1ß, IL-6, IL-4, and IL-10 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Expressions of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88), phospho-nuclear factor-kappa B (p-NF-κB), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), ionized calcium binding adapter molecule-1 (IBA-1) were assessed by immunohistochemical staining and western blotting. RESULTS: Eight compounds were identified from CGZBT, moreover, our results showed that CGZBT effectively reversed the CUMS-induced decrease in sucrose preference, shortened the movement distance and prolonged immobility time. CGZBT significantly increased levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine, dopamine, norepinephrine, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid levels, and reduced the expression of TNF-α, IL-1ß, IL-6, yet increased IL-4 and IL-10. Furthermore, the expressions of TLR4, MyD88, COX-2, p-NF-κB and IBA-1 in hippocampus were effectively reversed after treatment with CGZBT. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicated that CGZBT could, at least in part, alleviate depression induced by CUMS the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway, suggesting its potential as an antidepressant drug.

Hypoxia in non-rapid eye movement sleep in children with otitis media with effusion.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to analyze the status of hypoxia in non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep in children with otitis media with effusion (OME). METHODS: A total of 232 children with OME and/or adenotonsillar hypertrophy were enrolled in this retrospective study between August 2020 and November 2021. Polysomnographic monitoring was carried out, and the differences in polysomnographic results between the experimental group (children with OME and adenotonsillar hypertrophy) and control group (children with adenotonsillar hypertrophy only) were compared. RESULTS: The lowest oxygen saturation level during sleep was significantly lower in the experimental group (n = 36) than in the control group (n = 196). However, the apnea-hypopnea index, respiratory disorder index, apnea index, obstructive apnea index, obstructive apnea-hypopnea index, and mixed apnea-hypopnea index were significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group. More importantly, the apnea-hypopnea index, the oxygen desaturation index, oxygen desaturation events, the average heart rate during NREM sleep, and the NREM stage in total sleep time were also significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group. CONCLUSIONS: Hypoxia during NREM sleep may affect the severity of OME in children.

Two new coumarins from branches of Zanthoxylum schinifolium.

Two new coumarins (1-2) have been isolated from a methanol extract of Zanthoxylum schinifolium branches. The structures of compounds 1 and 2 have been elucidated as 6-isopentenyl -7-benzoyl-coumarin and 3-isopentenyl-7-benzoyl-coumarin based on extensive spectroscopic analysis, including IR, NMR, and MS. The inhibitory activity of compounds 1 and 2 against HeLa and HepG2 cell lines has been described.

Meta analysis on acceptance rate of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis among men who have sex with men in China / 中华预防医学杂志

Objective: To systematically evaluate the acceptance of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP)among men who have sex with men (MSM) in China, so as to provide reference for the promotion of preventive drug use before human immunodeficiency virus exposure in China. Methods: By searching the databases of China national knowledge infrastructure, VIP database, Wanfan knowledge service platform, PubMed, Web of Science, Embase and The Cochrane Library with key words of "men who have sex with men" "pre-exposure prophylaxis" "PrEP" and "MSM". The literature on the willingness of Chinese MSM population to accept PrEP was systematically collected, and the data of the literature meeting the inclusion criteria were extracted for Meta analysis. Results: A total of 12 articles were selected in this study, including 6 articles in English and 6 in Chinese. The score of bias risk assessment of eligible articles was 14-18, which was more than 70% of the total score. The total number of samples was 11 269. The overall acceptance rate of PrEP was 0.77(95%CI:0.71-0.82). In subgroup analysis, the acceptance rates of different nationalities, marriage, household registration, age, education background, income, sexual orientation, sexual behavior and awareness of PrEP were statistically significant. Conclusion: In general, the acceptance rate of PrEP in MSM population is higher, but the awareness rate is low. There are differences in the acceptance rate among different groups.

Hydroxycinnamic Acid Amide Dimers from Goji Berry and Their Potential Anti-AD Activity.

Three undescribed hydroxycinnamic acid amide dimers 1-3 were isolated and identified from an extract of Goji berry. Their molecular structures were elucidated based on NMR, MS, and IR spectra analysis. Compounds 1-3 were hydroxycinnamic acid amide dimers, which possess a cyclic butane moiety formed by head-to-head connection. These compounds at 25 µM showed the disaggregation potency on the copper-mediated Aß1-42 aggregation ranging from 27.3±3.2 to 31.0±2.9 %. This study provides new information on the antiaging traditional usage of goji berry.

Efficacy of alectinib for ALK-positive NSCLC brain metastases / 中国肿瘤临床

Objective: To investigate the effect of alectinib in the treatment of brain metastases from anaplastic lymphoma kinase(ALK)positive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods: Thirty-four cases of ALK-positive NSCLC in Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, between August 2016 to October 2019, were retrospectively analyzed. Thirteen cases received first-line single drug therapy (600 mg PO bid) of Alectinib. 7 cases (53.8%) were male, 6 cases were female (46.2%), the median age was 51 (35-72). The Kaplan-Meier method was used to examine progression-free survival (PFS). Results: The median progression-free survival (mPFS) of the alectinib group was 24.5 months, and the adverse drug reactions were mild. Conclusions: The use of alectinibas first-line treatment after the local treatment of measurable intracranial lesions significantly increased the PFS of patients with brain metastases from ALK-positive NSCLC.

Effect of ferroptosis on hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury in diabetic rats model / 中华肝胆外科杂志

Objective:To investigate the effect of ferroptosis on hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury in diabetic rats model.Methods:Forty Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups: sham operation group (Sham), hepatic ischemia reperfusion group (HIRI), diabetes mellitus group (DM), diabetes mellitus + hepatic ischemia reperfusion group (DM+ HIRI). The diabetic rat model was established by feeding the rats with high-fat and high-sugar feed for four consecutive weeks combined with intraperitoneal injection of 50 mg/kg 1% streptozotocin, and on this basis, the hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury model was established by local hepatic blood flow occlusion. ELISA assay was used to detect insulin content, liver function and serum lipid metabolism biomarkers. Chemiluminescence method was used to detect liver superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and lipoxygenase (LOX-1) contents. HE staining was used to evaluate the pathological changes of liver tissue structure, and Western blotting was used to detect the ferroptosis-related protein expression of ACSL4 and GPX4.Results:Compared with Sham group, the level of fasting blood glucose, insulin, insulin resistance index, serum TC, TG and liver PUFA content of DM group were increased significantly ( P<0.05), HE staining showed there were a large number of fatty degeneration of hepatocytes in DM group, and extensive ballooning and necrosis of hepatocytes in DM+ HIRI group. Compared with HIRI group, level of serum TC, TG, ALT, AST and the liver PUFA and LOX-1 in DM+ HIRI group were significantly increased [TC (5.87±0.76) vs (1.34±0.2) mmol/L, TG (2.93±0.47) vs (0.71±0.34) mmol/L, ALT (339.5±40.09) vs (155.17±18.53) U/L, AST (325.50±37.52) vs (102.39±22.68) U/L, PUFA (21.58±3.01) vs (8.12±0.94) mg/g, LOX-1 (200.81±26.03) vs (73.34±10.66) U/m ] ( P<0.05). Compared with HIRI group, the protein expression of ACSL4 in DM+ HIRI group was up-regulated [(0.46±0.06) vs (1.02±0.11)], while the expression of GPX4 was down-regulated [(0.43±0.07) vs (0.14±0.02)] significantly ( P<0.05). Conclusion:The tolerance of DM rats to hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury was significantly reduced, which may be related to hepatic abnormal lipid metabolism and ferroptosis.

Diagnosis and treatment of aortopulmonary window associated with severe pulmonary hypertension / 中国胸心血管外科临床杂志

@#Objective    To study the diagnosis and treatment of aortopulmonary window (APW) associated with severe pulmonary hypertension. Methods    The clinical data of 23 patients with APW undergoing surgical treatment in The First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University from 2010 to 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. There were 9 male and 14 female patients. The age was 3-132 (4.63±2.14) months. The weight was 3.3-35.0 (17.3±3.6) kg. Results    Windows were situated in the proximal of semilunar valve (type Ⅰ) in 8 patients, and distal of the aorta (type Ⅱ) in 14 patients, from proximal to distal (type Ⅲ) in only 1 patient. Eleven patients were isolated APW, the others were combined with cardiac defects. The mean pulmonary artery pressure was 68.4±7.5 mm Hg. All patients underwent surgical correction under general anesthesia and hypothermia cardiopulmonary bypass. All patients were discharged uneventfully, with an average follow-up time of 4 years. The patients showed good outcomes and no residual shunt after surgery, and the pulmonary artery pressure decreased to normal. Conclusion    APW is an uncommon congenital cardiac anomaly. The clinical presentation is an excessive left-to-right shunt, and most patients present early in life. Development of pulmonary hypertension and pulmonary vascular resistance is usually rapid. Operative treatment is indicated as soon as the diagnosis is established, regardless of the patient’s age, and most patients after surgery have a good long-term outcome.

Progress in targeted therapy for brain metastasis from non-small-cell lung cancer positive for ALK gene fusion / 中国肿瘤临床

The incidence of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) gene fusion in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is approximately 2%-7%. In cases of lung cancer with this gene mutation, the probability of brain metastasis, which seriously affects quality of life and shortens survival time, is higher. In recent years, survival time has significantly increased among ALK gene fusion-positive NSCLC patients with brain metastasis owing to continuous advances in the development of ALK-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). This paper reviews the progress in the research on ALK-TKI use in the treatment of brain metastasis from NSCLC.

Ratiometric target-triggered fluorescent silicon nanoparticles probe for quantitative visualization of tyrosinase activity.

Tyrosinase is the key enzyme in the treatment of vitiligo. Development of rapid, simple, and visual methods for screening bioactive compounds with tyrosinase activity from natural compounds is interesting for new drug discovery. Herein, a novel visual ratiometric fluorescent assay for screening tyrosinase activators and/or inhibitors based on silicon nanoparticles (Si NPs) was explored. Inspired by the changes in both of the solution color and the fluorescence emission due to the sensing between Si NPs and dopamine (DA), we employed tyramine as the model substrate, which can transfer into DA by tyrosinase. It was found that the tyrosinase-incubated tyramine solution exhibited pale yellow under nature light or yellow fluorescence under UV light in the presence of Si NPs, where the color/fluorescence intensity were directly related to the concentration of tyrosinase. The established method showed good detection selectivity, and the LOD for tyrosinase was 0.14 U mL-1. Eventually, this assay was successfully applied to screen tyrosinase activators or inhibitors from a natural product-like library, and a tyrosinase activator with EC50 of 2.62 µM, more potent than the commonly used tyrosinase activator 8-MOP, was discovered.

Design, Synthesis of N-phenethyl Cinnamide Derivatives and Their Biological Activities for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease: Antioxidant, Beta-amyloid Disaggregating and Rescue Effects on Memory Loss.

Gx-50 is a bioactive compound for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD) found in Sichuan pepper (Zanthoxylum bungeanum). In order to find a stronger anti-AD lead compound, 20 gx-50 (1⁻20) analogs have been designed and synthesized, and their molecular structures were determined based on nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and mass spectrometry (MS) analysis, as well as comparison with literature data. Compounds 1⁻20 were evaluated for their anti-AD potential by using DPPH radical scavenging assay for considering their anti-oxidant activity, thioflavin T (ThT) fluorescence assay for considering the inhibitory or disaggregate potency of Aß, and transgenic Drosophila model assay for evaluating their rescue effect on memory loss. Finally, compound 13 was determined as a promising anti-AD candidate.

Preparation, characterization and in vitro and in vivo evaluation of a solid dispersion of Naringin.

Naringin (NA) is one of typical flavanone glycosides widely distributed in nature and possesses several biological activities including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic. The aim of this study was to develop solid dispersion (SD) and to improve the dissolution rate and oral bioavailability of NA. NA-SD was prepared by the traditional preparation methods using PEG6000, F68, or PVP K30 as carrier at different drug to carrier ratios. According to the results of solubility and in vitro dissolution test, the NA-PEG6000 (1:3) SD was considered as an optimal formulation to characterize by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), differential scanning calorimetry and powder X-ray diffraction. Furthermore, oral bioavailabilities of NA-PEG6000 (1:3) SD and NA-suspension with the same dosage were investigated in SD rats. The results confirmed the formation of SD and the pharmacokinetic parameters of NA-PEG6000 (1:3) SD (Cmax = 0.645 ± 0.262 µg/ml, AUC0-t = 0.471 ± 0.084 µg/ml h) were higher than that of NA-suspension (Cmax = 0.328 ± 0.183 µg/ml, AUC0-t = 0.361 ± 0.093 µg/ml h). Based on the results, the SD is considered as a promising approach to enhance the dissolution rate and oral bioavailability of NA.

Anti-atherosclerotic effect of Fermentum Rubrum and Gynostemma pentaphyllum mixture in high-fat emulsion- and vitamin D3-induced atherosclerotic rats.

BACKGROUND: The mixture of Hongqu and gypenosides (HG) is composed of Fermentum Rubrum (Hongqu, in Chinese) and total saponins of Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Thunb.) Makino (Jiaogulan, in Chinese) in a 3.6:1 weight ratio. Both Hongqu and Jiaogulan are considered valuable traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs); they have been commonly used in China for the treatment of hyperlipidemia and related diseases for centuries. The aim of the current study was assess the anti-atherosclerotic effect of HG. METHODS: Sixty-four Wistar rats were randomly divided into eight groups: normal, model, positive control (simvastatin, 1 mg/kg), Hongqu-treated (72 mg/kg), gypenoside (total saponin)-treated (20 mg/kg), and three doses HG-treated (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg). All of the rats were fed a basal diet. Additionally, the model group rats were intragastrically administered a high-fat emulsion and intraperitoneally injected with vitamin D3. The serum lipid profiles, oxidative stress, inflammatory cytokine, and hepatic antioxidant levels were then determined. Furthermore, the liver histopathology and arterial tissue were analyzed, and the expression of hyperlipidemia- and atherosclerosis (AS)-related genes was measured using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: The AS rat model was established after 80 days. Compared to the model group, the HG-treated groups showed an obvious improvement in the serum lipid profiles, oxidative stress, and inflammatory cytokine levels, and showed markedly increased hepatic total antioxidant capacity. Moreover, the expression of genes related to lipid synthesis and inflammation reduced and that of the genes related to lipid oxidation increased in the liver and arterial tissue, which also reflected an improved health condition. CONCLUSION: the anti-atherosclerotic effects of HG were superior to those of simvastatin, Hongqu, and the gypenosides. Therefore, HG may be a useful anti-atherosclerotic TCM preparation.

Association of Estrogen Receptor 1 Genetic Polymorphisms with Recurrent Spontaneous Abortion Risk / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

Background@#Estrogen is one of the most important reproductive steroidal hormones and plays a critical role in the maintenance of pregnancy, and its function is mediated by estrogen receptor 1(ESR1). The polymorphisms of ESR1 were involved in recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA); however, the association between ESR1 polymorphisms and RSA remains controversial. The present meta-analysis was aimed to clarify the association between ESR1 PvuII (-397C/T, rs2234693) and XbaI (-351A/G, rs9340799) polymorphisms and the risk of RSA.@*Methods@#All the included articles were retrieved from PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Wanfang Med Online Database up to January 3, 2018. Data were processed in the Stata 12.0 software. The odds ratios (OR s) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI s) were calculated using fixed-effects models (FEM)/random-effects models (REM).@*Results@#Seven case-control studies with 836 cases and 1164 controls were included in the study. Generally, the ESR1 polymorphisms were not associated with RSA in any of the genetic analysis models. However, it was found that as rs9340799 polymorphism was related to increased risk of RSA in non-Asian group in the homozygous genetic model (OR = 2.40, 95% CI = 1.05-5.50, P = 0.039). Moreover, in Asian group, rs9340799 polymorphism was found to be related to decreased RSA risk in both the heterozygous model (OR = 0.53, 95% CI = 0.33-0.85, P = 0.009) and the dominant genetic model (OR = 0.55, 95% CI = 0.30-0.98, P = 0.042).@*Conclusions@#Generally, there was no significant association between the polymorphisms of ESR1 and the risk of RSA. However, subgroup analysis indicated that ESR1 rs9340799 polymorphism was related to increased RSA risk in the non-Asian group while associated with decreased RSA risk in Asian group.

Anti-arrhythmic effects of taurine-magnesium coordination compound on torsades de pointes / 中国应用生理学杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To investigate the effect of taurine magnesium coordination compound (TMCC) on torsades de pointes (TdP) in isolated guinea pig hearts.@*METHODS@#Healthy male guinea pigs weighting 250~300 g were randomly divided into 4 groups:①TdP model group (=7):Isolated hearts were perfused by normal K-H solution 20 minutes, then perfused by slowly activated delayed rectifier potassium current(IKs) blocker 10mol/L Chromanol 293B under hypokalemic solution(1.8 mmol/L) to establish TdP model;②~④ TdP model + TMCC group (=6):Isolated hearts were perfused by normal K-H solution for 20 minutes, then perfused by IKs blocker 10mol/L Chromanol 293B under hypokalemic solution(1.8 mmol/L) for 60 minutes, at the same time TMCC which concentration was 1, 2, 4 mmol/L was administered respectively by Langendorff retrograde aortic perfusion method. Cardiac surface electrocardiogram of guinea pigs was collected and recorded by Biopac electrophysiological recorder. Incidence of TdP, transmural dispersion of repolarization (TDR), instability of QT interval were acquired from Lead Ⅱ electrocardiograph (ECG) wave forms to describe the effect of TMCC on TdP model. Datas were acquired at the time of 20 min and pre-TdP, in case there was no TdP observed, a value of 60 min was entered for calculation purpose.@*RESULTS@#Incidence of TdP in TdP model group was 6/7. TdP incidence could be decreased significantly by 1, 2, 4 mmol/L TMCC, and was 5/6, 1/6, 0/6 respectively. Compared with the pre-drug, Chromanol 293B under hypokalemic solution in TdP model group increased TDR(corrected) evidently(0.05). Compared with the TdP model group, 2, 4 mmol/L TMCC could evidently decrease the instability of QT interval induced by Chromanol 293B under hypokalemic solution(<0.05). During the establishment of TdP model, P waves in more than one cardiac cycle continuously were disappeared in ECG. However, P wave could always be seen independent in ECG acquired from TdP model + TMCC group.@*CONCLUSIONS@#TMCC can play the role against TdP through decreasing TDR and instability of QT interval, and inhibiting early after depolarization(EAD).

Ethanol extract of Ilex hainanensis Merr. exhibits anti-melanoma activity by induction of G/S cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis / 中国结合医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate anti-melanoma effect of ethanol extract of Ilex hainanensis Merr. (IME) and elucidate its underlying mechanism.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Thirty-six tumor-bearing mice were randomized into 6 groups (n=6) as follows: model group, IME 25, 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg groups and dacarbazine (DTIC) 70 mg/kg group. The mice in the IME treatment groups were intragastrically administered with IME 25, 50, 100 or 200 mg/kg per day, respectively. The mice in the DTIC group were intraperitoneally injected with DTIC 70 mg/kg every 2 days. The drug administration was lasting for 14 days. The cell viability was evaluated by 3-(4,5-dime-thylthylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Flow cytometry was employed to detect cell cycle and apoptosis. The gene and protein expressions of nuclear factor κB-p65 (NF-κB-p65), Bcl-2, B-cell lymphomaextra large (Bcl-xL) and Bax were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analyses. Caspases-3, -8, and -9 activities were detected using the colorimetric method. In addition, a B16-F10 melanoma xenograft mouse model was used to evaluate the anti-cancer activity of IME in vivo. Furthermore, a survival experiment of tumor-bearing mice was also performed to evaluate the possible toxicity of IME.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>IME significantly inhibited the proliferation of B16-F10 cells (P<0.01). Flow cytometric analysis showed that IME induced G/S cell cycle arrest and apoptosis (both P<0.01). IME inhibited activation of NF-κB, decreased the gene and protein expressions of Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, and increased the gene and protein expressions of Bax (all P<0.01). In addition, IME induced the activation of Caspases-3, -8, and -9 in B16-F10 cells. The study in vivo showed that IME significantly reduced tumor volume (P<0.01), and the inhibitory rate came up to 68.62%. IME also induced large areas of necrosis and intra-tumoral apoptosis that correlated with a reduction in tumor volume. Survival experiment showed that treatment with IME for 14 days significantly prolonged survival time and 20% of mice in the IME 200 mg/kg group were still alive until the 50th day. Notably, IME showed no apparent side-effects during the treatment period.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>IME exhibited significant anti-melanoma activity in vitro and in vivo, suggesting that IME might be a promising effective candidate with lower toxic for malignant melanoma therapy.</p>