Successful laparoscopic resection of fallopian tube abscess caused by Escherichia coli in a 12-year-old adolescent virgin:a case report and review of the literature.

BACKGROUND: Upstream infection with vaginal flora can develop into tubal endothelial damage and tubal edema, which can lead to tubal obstruction and fallopian tube abscess if left untreated. Fallopian tube abscess in adolescent virgins is very rare, it may lead to long-term or even lifelong complications once it occurred. CASE PRESENTATION: A 12-year-old adolescent virgin with no history of sexual intercourse and previous physical fitness who presented with lower abdominal pain with nausea and vomiting for 22 h, body temperature up to 39.2 °C. Laparoscopic surgery revealed an abscess in the left fallopian tube, the left fallopian tube was surgically removed, successfully treated, and the pus was cultured for escherichia coli. CONCLUSION: It is important to consider possibility of tubal infection in young.

Safe abortion: A retrospective study of negative pressure suction in abortion under the monitoring of ultrasound.

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effectiveness of ultrasound monitoring during negative pressure suction for abortion. METHODS: This retrospective study analyzed patients with abortion who underwent negative pressure suction, excluding 23 cases with incomplete information and missing interviews, leaving a total of 200 patients included in the study. They were divided into an ultrasound group (n = 100) and a non-ultrasound group (n = 100) based on whether ultrasound monitoring was used. The ultrasound group was applied negative pressure suction under ultrasound monitoring, and the non-ultrasound group was applied traditional negative pressure suction. The operative time and complications were assessed after the treatment. RESULTS: The operative time in the ultrasound group was 3.19 ± 0.62 min and in the non-ultrasound group was 6.35 ± 1.20 min, revealing a significantly shorter operative time in the ultrasound group than in the non-ultrasound group (P < 0.05). There was one case of uterine residual in the ultrasound group. There were eight cases with uterine residuals, four cases with intrauterine adhesions, one case with missed aspiration, and one case with perforation of the uterus in the non-ultrasound group. The complication rate in the ultrasound group was less than that in the non-ultrasound group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Ultrasound-monitored negative pressure suction has obvious advantages over ordinary negative pressure suction in that it can shorten operation time, reduce operative complications, and ensure a safe and effective abortion.

The Parallel Presentation of Two Functional CTL Epitopes Derived from the O and Asia 1 Serotypes of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus and Swine SLA-2*HB01: Implications for Universal Vaccine Development.

Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) poses a significant threat to the livestock industry. Through their recognition of the conserved epitopes presented by the swine leukocyte antigen (SLA), T cells play a pivotal role in the antiviral immunity of pigs. Herein, based on the peptide binding motif of SLA-2*HB01, from an original SLA-2 allele, a series of functional T-cell epitopes derived from the dominant antigen VP1 of FMDV with high binding capacity to SLA-2 were identified. Two parallel peptides, Hu64 and As64, from the O and Asia I serotypes, respectively, were both crystallized with SLA-2*HB01. Compared to SLA-1 and SLA-3, the SLA-2 structures showed the flexibility of residues in the P4, P6, and P8 positions and in their potential interface with TCR. Notably, the peptides Hu64 and As64 adopted quite similar overall conformation when bound to SLA-2*HB01. Hu64 has two different conformations, a more stable 'chair' conformation and an unstable 'boat' conformation observed in the two molecules of one asymmetric unit, whereas only a single 'chair' conformation was observed for As64. Both Hu64 and As64 could induce similar dominant T-cell activities. Our interdisciplinary study establishes a basis for the in-depth interpretation of the peptide presentation of SLA-I, which can be used toward the development of universal vaccines.

Patient-Derived Xenografts Are a Reliable Preclinical Model for the Personalized Treatment of Epithelial Ovarian Cancer.

To generate robust patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models for epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC), analyze the resemblance of PDX models to the original tumors, and explore factors affecting engraftment rates, fresh cancer tissues from a consecutive cohort of 158 patients with EOC were collected to construct subcutaneous PDX models. Paired samples of original tumors and PDX tumors were compared at the genome, transcriptome, protein levels, and the platinum-based chemotherapy response was evaluated to ensure the reliability of the PDXs. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to determine the factors affecting the engraftment rates. The engraftment success rate was 58.23% (92/158) over 3-6 months. The Ki-67 index and receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy can affect the engraftment rate in primary patients. The PDX models generated in this study were found to retain the histomorphology, protein expression, and genetic alteration patterns of the original tumors, despite the transcriptomic differences observed. Clinically, the PDX models demonstrated a high degree of similarity with patients in terms of the chemotherapy response and could predict prognosis. Thus, the PDX model can be considered a promising and reliable preclinical tool for personalized and precise treatment.

Does High-Speed Rail Opening Affect the Health Care Environment?-Evidence From China.

Using the panel data of 280 prefecture-level cities in China from 2004 to 2014, this paper examines the effects of high-speed rail opening on health care environment based on Difference-in-Differences method (DID). Through an empirical analysis, the results proved that high-speed rail opening can significantly promote the health care environment and this effect is different in regions with different levels of economic development. Finally, we tested the mechanisms of how the high-speed rail opening affects the healthcare environment. High-speed rail opening improves the healthcare environment by increasing road accessibility and promoting economic development. Our results support the view that high-speed rail opening has an important contribution to the improvement of health care conditions.

MiR-223 promotes pyroptosis of enteritis cells through activating NF-κB signalling pathway by targeting SNIP1 in inflammatory bowel disease.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a common inflammation-related intestinal disease. Studies have shown that excessive pyroptosis of intestinal cells is involved in the development of IBD. However, the regulatory mechanism of pyroptosis in IBD remains unclear. Here, our study purposed to clarify the underlying regulatory mechanism of miR-223 to promote pyroptosis in IBD.MiR-223 and Smad Nuclear Interacting Protein 1 (SNIP1) expression in colon tissues collected from IBD patients and healthy volunteers were evaluated using qRT-PCR. Cell viability and pyroptosis were evaluated by CCK8 and flow cytometry assay, respectively. Pyroptosis-related proteins and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signals were determined by WB. Dual-luciferase reporter gene assay was employed to investigate the binding relationship between miR-223 and SNIP1.MiR-223 was significantly upregulated in IBD colon tissues and cell models, while SNIP1 was significantly decreased. Silence of miR-223 markedly enhanced cell viability and inhibited pyroptosis in the IBD cell model. MiR-223 could bind to 3'-UTR of SNIP1 and SNIP1 could activate NF-κB signalling pathway. Further rescued experiment found that knockdown of SNIP1 dramatically abolished the bio-effects mediated by miR-223 silence on the cell viability and pyroptosis of the IBD cell model. Likewise, the inactivation of NF-κB signalling markedly weakened the regulatory roles of SNIP1 downregulation in the IBD cell model. Besides, inhibition of NF-κB signalling attenuated the pyroptosis-promoting effect of overexpressing miR-223.Our data suggested that miR-223 activated the NF-κB pathway via targeting SNIP1, thus promoting the process of cell pyroptosis, and ultimately participating in the pathogenesis of IBD.

[Intervention mechanism of electroacupuncture in rats with ulcerative colitis: an analysis based on the Toll-like receptor 4/myeloid differentiation factor 88/nuclear factor-kappa B signaling pathway].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the protective effect of electroacupuncture(EA) on rats with ulcerative colitis (UC) and its effect on the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88)/nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway. METHODS: Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into blank group, model group, salicylazosulfapyridine (SASP) group, low-intensity EA group, and high-intensity EA group, with 8 rats in each group. Enema with 2，4，6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid was performed to establish a model of UC. The rats in the two EA groups were given EA at"Tianshu" (ST25), "Guanyuan" (CV4), and "Zusanli"(ST36) for 15 min each time, once a day, with a current intensity of 1 mA for the low-intensity EA group and 5 mA for the high-intensity EA group(among them, "Tianshu" "Zusanli" bilateral alternate acupoints); the rats in the SASP group were given SASP suspension 3 mL every day by gavage. The course of treatment was 15 days for all groups. HE staining was used to observe the pathology of the colon and determine tissue damage index(TDI); ELISA was used to measure the serum levels of interleukin-4 (IL-4), interleukin-10 (IL-10), interleukin-17 (IL-17), and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2); immunohistochemical staining and real-time PCR were used to measure the protein and mRNA expression of TLR4, MyD88, and NF-κB in colonic tissue. RESULTS: Compared with the blank group, the model group had significant reductions in body weight, serum IL-4, and IL-10 (P<0.05) and significant increases in colonic mucosa TID, the serum levels of IL-17 and PGE2 and the protein and mRNA expression of TLR4, MyD88, and NF-κB in colonic tissue (P<0.05). Compared with the model group, the SASP group and the EA groups had significantly higher body weight and serum levels of IL-4 and IL-10 (P<0.05), as well as significantly lower colonic TDI, serum levels of IL-17 and PGE2, and integrated optical density and mRNA expression of TLR4, MyD88, and NF-κB in colonic tissue (P<0.05). Compared with the SASP group, the low-intensity EA group had significantly higher colonic TDI and protein and mRNA expression of TLR4, MyD88, and NF-κB in colonic tissue (P<0.05), and compared with the SASP group, the high-intensity EA group had a significantly higher body weight (P<0.05) and lower colonic TDI and protein and mRNA expression of TLR4, MyD88, and NF-κB in colonic tissue (P<0.05). Compared with the low-intensity EA group, the high-intensity EA group had significantly higher body weight (P<0.05), and lower colonic TDI and protein and mRNA expression of TLR4, MyD88, and NF-kB in colonic tissue (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Electroacupuncture exerts a protective effect on the colonic mucosa in rats with UC possibly by inhibiting the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway and reducing the release of inflammatory cytokines, and high-intensity EA may have a better effect than low-intensity EA.

Evaluating the efficacy of Tui Na in treatment of childhood anorexia: a meta-analysis.

CONTEXT: Medical practitioners are now seeing more children younger than 15 y who are developing childhood anorexia. Hua Tuo chiropractic treatments are an ancient and practical massage therapy and are a type of Tui Na therapy, which has been used for curing childhood anorexia for thousands of years in China. Research literature suggests that chiropractic care produces outcomes at least comparable with alternative treatments. OBJECTIVE: The research team intended to perform a systematic review to identify and synthesize evidence on the efficacy of Tui Na for treatment of childhood anorexia. DESIGN: Systematic searches were conducted for studies evaluating Tui Na therapy in electronic databases MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsychINFO, the Cochrane Library, the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, the Midwives Information and Resource Service, the Health Management Information Consortium, the Health Management and Information Service, PubMed, the Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), the Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (CBM), the Chinese Scientific Journal Database VIP, the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), and the Chinese Clinical Trial Register-from inception to November 2011. The research team hand-searched reference lists and journals, extracted data from the papers, and assessed the quality of the research. PARTICIPANTS: Participants of the reviewed studies were infants and children younger than 15 y. RESULTS: Of the 109 papers identified, 3 papers reported on randomized, controlled trials (RCTs) involving 332 patients; 45 covered cohort or quasi-experimental studies; and 61 discussed nonintervention studies. Meta-analysis results from the 3 RCTs showed that Tui Na can improve the curative effect compared with oral medicine that is used for infants and young children with anorexia and can also increase a child's weight. CONCLUSIONS: The level of evidence reported was mixed, but given the available evidence, the research team concluded that Tui Na therapy was a viable intervention that could benefit infants and young children with anorexia. No serious adverse events were reported. Larger randomized, controlled trials are required to explore the effects of Tui Na therapy for treatment of childhood anorexia further.

Quality assessment of clinical research on liver cancer treated by intra-arterial infusion of Chinese medicine.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the methodological quality of clinical research on Chinese medicine (CM) applied by intra-arterial infusion in treating primary liver cancer (PLC). METHODS: Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), PubMed, and three Chinese databases, including Chinese BioMedical Database (CBM), China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and China Academic Journal (VIP) were searched. Chinese articles were also searched manually in 16 journals. Two reviewers independently selected studies, the quality of literatures were assessed according to the Cochrane Collaboration method of quality assessment. RESULTS: A total of 14 articles met the inclusion criteria for this review. Only three of these articles described the randomization method used. None of the studies was blinded. All of the articles didn't report the calculation of the sample size. Only six studies mentioned adverse reactions. All of the studies were of grade C according to the Cochrane Collaboration method. Six studies reported results of survival, and only two of these reported better efficacy in the treatment groups. CONCLUSIONS: The quality of studies concerned intra-arterial infusion of CM in treating with PLC was poor and the exact effect of these medicines still need evaluation. Well designed RCTs with large sample sizes, adequate follow-up data and reliable methods of assessment are needed to better appraise the real effect of CMs in the treatment of PLC patients.

[A comparative study of inflammatory factor expression of phlegm-heat syndrome and phlegm-dampness syndrome model with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease].

OBJECTIVE: To reveal characteristic of phlegm-heat syndrome and phlegm-dampness syndrome of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) from expression of inflammatory factor. METHODS: Forty-eight Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups (each n=12): normal control group, AECOPD group, phlegm-heat syndrome of AECOPD group (PHs group) and phlegm-dampness syndrome of AECOPD group (PDs group). The expressions of interleukins (IL-1ß, IL-6, IL-10), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) proteins in lung tissue were detected by immunohistochemical staining method. IL-1ß mRNA and IL-10 mRNA expressions were measured by reverse transcription- polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). RESULTS: The mRNA and protein expressions of inflammatory factors in lung tissue in AECOPD group, PHs group and PDs group were remarkably enhanced compared with those in normal control group. Compared with AECOPD group, the protein expressions of IL-1ß, TNF-α and IL-6 and the mRNA expression of IL-1ß in lung tissue in PHs group and PDs group were markedly enhanced (IL-1ß protein: 6.26 ± 2.43, 8.20 ± 2.61 vs. 4.30 ± 2.38, TNF-α protein: 10.28 ± 2.64, 10.67 ± 2.68 vs. 7.47 ± 2.90, IL-6 protein: 8.13 ± 3.03, 10.45 ± 3.37 vs. 5.66 ± 3.18, IL-1ß mRNA: 0.41 ± 0.03, 0.48 ± 0.05 vs. 0.35 ± 0.04, all P<0.01), and the expressions of IL-10 protein and IL-10 mRNA were obviously weakened (IL-10 protein: 7.00 ± 1.89, 4.70 ± 2.31 vs. 9.33 ± 2.58, IL-10 mRNA: 0.43 ± 0.05, 0.35 ± 0.03 vs. 0.52 ± 0.06, P<0.05 or P<0.01). The protein expressions of IL-1ß and IL-6 proteins and the mRNA expression of IL-1ß in PDs group were significantly higher than those in PHs group, while the expressions of IL-10 protein and IL-10 mRNA were evidently lowered (all P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: There were more strong expressions of IL-1ß and IL-6 and more weaken expressions of IL-10 in phlegm-dampness syndrome than in phlegm-heat syndrome, which may be one of the main reason of serious damage in lung tissue and delayed recovery of the patient with phlegm-dampness syndrome of AECOPD. All the above findings need further investigation.

Health-related quality of life evaluated by tumor node metastasis staging system in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.

AIM: To investigate and evaluate the change in health-related quality of life (HRQoL) by tumor node metastasis (TNM) staging system in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS: A total of 140 patients diagnosed with HCC between June 2008 and April 2009 in our department were enrolled to this study. One hundred and thirty-five (96.5%) patients had liver cirrhosis secondary to hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, 73 (54.07%) of them being HBV DNA positive; the other etiologies of liver cirrhosis were alcoholic liver disease (1.4%), hepatitis C (1.4%) or cryptogenic (0.7%). All subjects were fully aware of their diagnosis and provided informed consent. HRQoL was assessed before treatment using the functional assessment of cancer therapy-hepatobiliary (FACT-Hep) questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were used to evaluate demographics and disease-specific characteristics of the patients. One-way analysis of variance and independent samples t tests were used to compare the overall FACT-Hep scores and clinically distinct TNM stages. Scores for all FACT-Hep items were analyzed by frequency analyses. The mean scores obtained from the FACT-Hep in different Child-Pugh classes were also evaluated. RESULTS: The mean FACT-Hep scores were reduced significantly from TNM Stage I to Stage II, Stage IIIA, Stage IIIB group (687 ± 39.69 vs 547 ± 42.57 vs 387 ± 51.24 vs 177 ± 71.44, P = 0.001). Regarding the physical and emotional well-being subscales, scores decreased gradually from Stage I to Stage IIIB (P = 0.002 vs Stage I; P = 0.032 vs Stage II; P = 0.033 vs Stage IIIA). Mean FACT-Hep scores varied by Child-Pugh class, especially in the subscales of physical well-being, functional well-being and the hepatobiliary cancer (P = 0.001 vs Stage I; P = 0.036 vs Stage II; P = 0.032 vs Stage IIIA). For the social and family well-being subscale, only Stage IIIB scores were significantly lower as compared with Stage I scores (P = 0.035). For the subscales of functional well-being and hepatobiliary cancer, there were significant differences for Stages IIΙ, IIIA and IIIB (P = 0.002 vs Stage I). CONCLUSION: HRQoL of patients with HCC worsens gradually with progression of TNM stages. The most impaired subscales of HRQoL, as measured by FACT-Hep, were physical and emotional well-being.

[A comparative study of biological indicators of phlegm-heat syndrome and phlegm-dampness syndrome model with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease].

OBJECTIVE: To compare phlegm-heat syndrome with phlegm-dampness syndrome of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) in regard to inflammatory response, hormone level, lung pathological examination and lung function. METHODS: Fifty-six Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups, including normal control group, AECOPD group, phlegm-heat syndrome of AECOPD group (PHs group), phlegm-dampness syndrome of AECOPD group (PDs group). The level of white blood cell (WBC) count, neutrophil ratio, free triiodothyronine (FT(3)), free thyroxine (FT(4)), epinephrine (E), norepinephrine (NE), cortisol (COR), C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-8 (IL-8) in blood, and TNF-alpha, IL-8, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in broncho-alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were determined with radioimmunology. Lung function was tested by whole-body plethysmography. RESULTS: (1)The count of WBC and neutrophil ratio in PDs group were higher than in PHs group, AECOPD group and normal group, there was significant difference in multiple comparison. The levels of inflammatory mediators in serum and BALF in three model groups were evidently higher than in normal group, and IL-8 [(4.13+/-1.28) microg/L] and CRP [(3.07+/-0.69) microg/L ] in serum in PDs group were higher than those in PHs group [(1.75+/-0.53) microg/L, (1.98+/-0.42) microg/L, both P<0.01]. (2)FT(3) level in blood in both AECOPD group and PHs group [(9.44+/-3.17) pmol/L , (9.95+/-3.68) pmol/L] was significantly higher than that in normal control group [(4.53+/-2.80) pmol/L], FT(3) in PDs group [(2.13+/-1.31) pmol/L] was evidently lower than that in normal group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). The level of FT(4) [(2.23+/-0.71) pmol/L], E [(87.27+/-29.32) nmol/L] and NE [(71.69+/-21.24) nmol/L] in PDs group were all obviously lower than those in normal group [FT(4): (4.64+/-1.49) pmol/L, E: (143.94+/-32.90) nmol/L, NE: (100.32+/-27.73) nmol/L, P<0.05 or P<0.01]. There was no significant difference in the above three parameters between AECOPD group and normal group. Each parameter in PHs group was markedly higher than that in AECOPD group. The content of COR in PDs group was higher than in PHs group, in which COR was higher than in AECOPD group, which was equal to that in normal group. (3)The pathological changes in lung included inflammatory cell infiltration , exfoliation of cilia, dilatation of alveolar spaces of lung tissue in AECOPD group, which were more significant in PHs group and PD group. Inflammatory cells infiltration around the bronchi, thickening of interalveolar spaces, and vasodilatation were more pronounced in PHs group and PDs group than in AECOPD group. Inflammatory cell infiltration around the bronchi were about the same between PHs and PDs groups. (4)The levels of peak expiratory velocity (PEV), tidal volume (V(T)), minute ventilation (MV) were significantly lower in AECOPD group, PHs group and PDs group than in normal control group, but the levels of frequency (f) and inspiratory resistance (Rin) were evidently higher. Compared with AECOPD group, the levels of PEV, V(T), MV were significantly decreased, the level of respiratory f and Rin evidently increased in PDs group. Compared with PHs group, the levels of PEV, V(T), MV significantly decreased in PDs group, while the level of f and Rin evidently increased. There was no significant difference in the above five parameters between AECOPD group and PHs group. CONCLUSION: The changes in local and systemic inflammatory response, lung histopathological injury in PHs group and PDs group were more evident than changes in AECOPD group. The changes in systemic inflammatory response, decrease in functional indicators of thyroid and adrenal medulla, and decline in lung function were more marked in PDs group than in PHs group.

Trends in incidence of esophageal and gastric cardia cancer in high-risk areas in China.

Incidence rates have risen for gastric cardia adenocarcinoma, whereas rates have remained stable for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in many western countries. The aim of this study was to describe and analyze trends in incidence rates for esophageal cancer and gastric cardia cancer in Cixian county, which is one of the high-risk areas for esophageal cancer in China as well as in the world. The data were obtained from the Cixian Cancer Registry, which is a population-based registry. All the data were checked and analyzed using SPSS 11.5. Between the years 1988 and 2003 there were 11,183 cases of esophageal cancer in the county. The age-standardized incidence rate was 168.55 per 100,000. In 1988, the age-standardized incidence rate for male patients was 250.76/100,000; it declined to 160.05/100,000 in 2003, representing a decrease of 36.2%. The age-standardized incidence rate for female patients was 153.86/100,000 in 1988; it declined to 82.55/100,000 in 2003, showing a decrease of 46.3%. A slight decreasing trend was observed during the period, with a yearly decrease of 3.61% in male patients and 3.39% in female patients. For gastric cardia cancer, there were 1654 cases from 1988 to 2003. The age-standardized incidence rate was 25.58 per 100,000. The age-standardized incidence rate for male patients was 13.75/100,000 in 1988; it increased to 28.55/100,000 in 2003, with a yearly increase of 7.65%. The age-standardized incidence rate for female patients was 7.12/100,000 in 1988; it increased to 12.91/100,000, with a yearly increase of 5.44%. A statistically significant increasing trend of gastric cardia cancer was observed during the study period. Cixian county is a geographical region with a very high incidence of esophageal cancer and cardia cancer. The trend in the incidence rates of esophageal cancer had decreased slightly; on the other hand, gastric cardia cancer showed a significantly increased trend in the last 16 years. Detailed epidemiological analyses of demographic trends and risk factors will help to guide future cancer control strategies.

Mechanism of downregulation of apoptosis by autophagy induced by oridonin in HeLa cells / 药学学报

To study the mechanism of downregulation of apoptosis by autophagy induced by oridonin in HeLa cells, the cell viability was measured by MTT method. DNA fragmentation was assayed by agarose gel electrophoresis. Autophagic and apoptotic ratio was determined by flowcytometric analysis. Protein expression was detected by Western blotting analysis. Oridonin induced both apoptosis and autophagy in HeLa cells. Apoptosis was upregulated by introduction of the inhibitor of autophagy, 3-methyladenine (3-MA). Addition of oridonin increased Bax/Bcl-2 expression ratio and cytochrome c, whereas the expression of SIRT-1 was decreased, and 3-MA pre-application enhanced these changes. Oridonin-induced autophagy antagonized apoptosis in HeLa cells through mitochondrial pathway.

Preparation and anti-oxidative activity of liposomal ferulic acid / 药学学报

Ferulic acid (FA) was loaded into liposomes via calcium acetate gradient with (80.2 +/- 5.2)% entrapment efficiency. The average sizes of blank liposome and FA liposome were about 155 nm and 154 nm, respectively. The zeta potential of blank liposome and FA liposome were (13.14 +/- 1.67) mV and (4.12 +/- 0.05) mV, respectively. Unilamellar vesicles were present in freeze-fracture electron microscopy. In the pharmacodynamic studies, the protective effect of liposomal ferulic acid on tBHP-challenged U937 cells was measured with the morphology of cell injury, mitochondrial transmembrane potential alternation and cell viability assay used as index. The results of MTT assay, microscopy indicated that FA liposomes exhibited greater antioxidant activity than FA solution on U937 cell.

[Study on the esophageal cancer incidence and mortality rate from 1974-2002 in Cixian, China].

OBJECTIVE: To describe the incidence and mortality rates of esophageal cancer from 1974-2002 in Cixian county of Hebei province. Basic information on comparative geographical, epidemiological, and clinical research was collected. METHODS: In early 1970s, cancer registry system in Cixian was established, collecting information on all the esophageal cancer cases in Cixian. Data was checked manually, then computerized, coded and analyzed using the software--SPSS 11.5. RESULTS: From 1974 to 2002, there were 18 471 esophageal cancer cases in Cixian, with 11 068 males and 7403 females, respectively. The age standardized incidence rate (ASR) for males was 208.77 per 100,000, while 120.47 per 100,000 for females. The trend of incidence rate of esophageal cancer had decreased during the 29 years from 1974 to 2002 (trend chi(2) = 19.94, P < 0.001). From 25 years of age onward, the incidence rates of the lower age groups declined with the increase of age. As for geographic distribution, the incidence rate in mountainous areas and hilly areas showed a significant declining trend in mountainous areas, chi(2) = 195.00, P < 0.001; hilly areas, chi(2) = 46.08, P < 0.001. The esophageal cancer incidence in plain areas remained steady, but had a slight increase in recent years. From 1969 to 2002, there were 18,736 cases died of esophageal cancer with 11 598 males and 7138 females. The ASR for male was 127.17 per 100,000 and 101.57 per 100,000 for female. Compared with the year 1969, the mortality rate of esophageal cancer in 2002 had a 37.96% decline. The proportion of esophageal cancer among malignant tumors in different decades decreased significantly. CONCLUSION: The trend of the incidence rate of esophageal cancer had been decreasing for the last 29 years. The incidence rate in mountainous areas and hilly areas showed a declining trend while in the plain areas it remained steady but having slight increase in the recent years. The mortality rate of esophageal cancer had a significant decrease from 1969 to 2002.

Age scope of high-risk population for esophageal cancer in Ci county.

AIM: To define the age scope of high-risk population for esophageal cancer (EC) in Ci county. METHODS: The results of endoscopic examination of 2 013 subjects, cytological screening of 16 763 persons and records of 9 265 patients with EC were analyzed by Ridit methods, the standard age group was 45-49 year group. RESULTS: The average age of patients with moderate esophageal epithelium dysplasia by endoscopic examination was 53.5 years, of severe esophageal epithelium dysplasia, 51.4 years, early EC, 55.6 years. The average age of stage one severe epithelium dysplasia (SEEDI) by cytological screening was 51.2 years, of stage two severe epithelium esophageal dysplasia (SEED II) 51.6 years, of advanced EC 61.7 years. In the group of 40-year olds, the value of Ridit by pathological diagnosis was 0.46, 95% CI, 0.45-0.47, that by cytological diagnosis was 0.45, 95% CI, 0.43-0.47. As the age increased at five-year intervals, the value of Ridit increased significantly. CONCLUSION: In Ci county of a high incidence area of EC, the age definition of high-risk population should be above 45 years.

Decrease in the esophageal cancer incidence rate in mountainous but not level parts of Cixian County, China, over 29 years.

BACKGROUND: Cixian county has one of the highest incidence rates of esophageal cancer (EC) in China, as well as the world. In 1974, the Cixian population-based cancer registry system was established, so that there is now information on esophageal cancer cases over almost 30 years. METHODS: Data from Cixian Cancer Registry were checked and analyzed using SPSS 11.5. RESULTS: From 1974 to 2002, a total of 18,471 new esophageal cancer cases were registered in Cixian, 11,068 in males and 7,403 in females. The age standardized incidence rate (ASR) for males was 208.77 per 100,000, while for females it was 120.47 per 100,000. There was a clear trend for decrease overall in the incidence rate of esophageal cancer over the 29 years (X(2)=19.94, P<0.001). As to the geographic distribution, the incidence rate in mountainous and hilly areas showed a significant decline (X(2) = 195.00 and X(2) = 46.08, respectively, both P X(2)0.001). Data for esophageal cancer incidence in level land areas in contrast were relatively steadily, with increase in recent years. CONCLUSION: Esophageal cancer has decreased in Cixian county during the last 29 years, but this is due to change in mountainous and hilly areas. Compared to other regions in the world, Cixian county still has a very high incidence of ECs.

An analysis of esophageal cancer incidence in Cixian county from 1974 to 1996.

AIM: To describe the incidence of esophageal cancer (EC) in Cixian, a county of Hebei province during 1974-1996. We analyzed the sex and age characteristics as well as the geographic distribution of EC, in order to determine the impact so that methods of preventing and controlling EC in Cixian can be put in place. METHODS: Since the early 1970s, the cancer registry system has been established, which collects the cancer incidence in Cixian county. The malignant tumors were coded according to International Classification of Disease IX (ICD-9). All the data were checked and analyzed using EPIINFO. RESULTS: The trend of the incidence rate of EC from 1974 to 1996 had declined, (229.9/100 000 vs 178.5/100 000, Odds ratio=1.47, 95 % CI:1.32-1.63, chi(2)=52.89. trend chi(2)=26.54, P<0.001). The incidence rate of males declined significantly (281.81/100 000 vs 157.96/100 000, Odds ratio=1.61, 95 % CI: 1.41-1.84, chi(2)=47.85. Trend chi(2)=44.86, P<0.001), whereas, the females remained steady (157.96/100 000 vs 133.41/100 000, odds ratio=1.28, 95 % CI:1.17-1.49, chi(2)=9.26. trend chi(2)=2.69, P>0.05). Male average annual incidence rate was 142.80/100 000 and the female's was 95.18/100 000. The sex ratio (males to females) was 1.50:1. The incidence rate was increasing along with the age. As to the geographic distribution, the incidence rate in mountainous areas and hilly areas showed a significantly declining trend (mountainous areas, trend chi(2)=149.93, P<0.001; hilly areas, trend chi(2)=42.70, P<0.001). The incidence rate of EC in plain areas had increased (trend chi(2)=22.39, P<0.001). CONCLUSION: The incidence rate of EC in Cixian county shows a trend and has declined after two decades, especially in mountainous area. But compared to other regions in the world, Cixian county still had a high incidence rate of EC.

STUDY ON ANTIOXIDATIVE AND ANTITUMOR EFFECT OF SELENIUM CONTAINING POLYSACCHARIDE IN GANODERMA LUCIDUM IN MICE / 营养学报

Objective: To investigate the effects of selenium containing polysaccharide from Ganoderma lucidum on SOD, GSH Px activity, MDA content in blood and liver and anti tumor effect in tumor bearing mice, and relationship between antioxidative and anti tumor effect. Methods: The tumor bearing BALB c mice were injected with 2.5 g/L? 5.0 g/L and 10.0 g/L SeGLP 1 respectively for 14 days. Weight of tumor, both SOD and GSH Px activities and MDA content of blood and liver were determined. Results: SeGLP 1 could significantly inhibit the growth of Hca f, maximal inhibition rate was 44%, SeGLP 1 significantly increased SOD, GSH Px activity, decreased MDA content of blood and liver in tumor bearing mice. Conclusion: The anti tumor effect of SeGLP 1 may be due to enhanced antioxidative capacity in tumor bearing mice.