[Genotyping analysis of norovirus infectious diarrhea clusters in Songjiang district, Shanghai from 2017 to 2019].

Objective: We aimed to analyze the the genotyping of norovirus infectious diarrhea epidemic in Songjiang district, Shanghai, and explored the experience in handling the epidemic to provide a scientific basis for formulating prevention and treatment strategies. Methods: The epidemiological data and related samples of 69 outbreaks of infectious diarrhea caused by norovirus was collected from 2017 to 2019 in Songjiang district, Shanghai. Sequencing and type identification were performed by the method of gene sequencing for the junction region of Norovirus ORF1 and ORF2. Results: From 2017 to 2019, 69 outbreaks of norovirus infections diarrhea were reported in Songjiang district, Shanghai. A total of 1 767 samples were tested, including 619 case samples (positive rate 19.9%), 343 practitioner samples (positive rate 1.1%), 505 environmental samples (positive rate 0.5%) and 300 food samples (not detected). 141 sequences were obtained, and the genotype analysis showed that the genotype that mainly caused infectious diarrhea in 2017 and 2018 was GII.P16-GII.2 (50.98%, 26/51). In 2019, the genotypes that mainly caused infectious diarrhea were GII.P16-GII.2 (13.73%, 7/51) and GII.Pe-GII.4 (9.80%, 5/51). Conclusion: The main genotype of the 69 outbreaks of nororirus infectious diarrhea epidemic in Songjiang district, Shanghai from 2017 to 2019 was GII.P16-GII.2, which showed obvious peaks in spring, autumn and winter. There were more infections in kindergartens and schools. The surveillance of norovirus infection should be strengthened.

LncRNA MEG3 promotes proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts through Wnt/ß-catenin signaling pathway.

OBJECTIVE: We aimed at detecting the expression of long non-coding ribonucleic acid (lncRNA) maternally expressed 3 (MEG3) in the serum of fracture patients, and at investigating its impacts on the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts and the specific molecular mechanism of action. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The serum samples of 48 fracture patients diagnosed in our hospital (Fracture group) and 30 healthy people receiving physical examination (Health group) were collected. The expression level of serum lncRNA MEG3 in Fracture group and Health group was measured via reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Furthermore, a small interfering RNA (siRNA) was applied to construct mouse osteoblast cell line MC3T3-E1 with a stable knockout of MEG3. The growth status of the cell was observed, and the impacts of MEG3 knockout on the osteoblast proliferation were determined using cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), a proliferation activity detection kit. Meanwhile, 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) staining was applied to detect the proportion of EdU positive cells in the osteoblasts in Control group and MEG3 knockout group (MEG3 siRNA group). In addition, RT-PCR was performed to measure the messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of differentiation-related genes. Finally, RT-PCR and Western blotting assay were adopted to analyze the expression of the Wnt/ß-catenin signaling pathway. RESULTS: The expression of serum lncRNA MEG3 in fracture patients was increased markedly (p<0.05). Results of in-vitro cell experiment indicated that intervention with MEG3 siRNA could obviously promote the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblast cell line MC3T3-E1. The results of RT-PCR and Western blotting assay revealed that the role of MEG3 in promoting differentiation and proliferation might be mediated by the activation of the Wnt/ß-catenin signaling pathway in osteoblasts. CONCLUSIONS: LncRNA MEG3 can promote the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts by activating the Wnt/ß-catenin signaling pathway, so it is expected to become a new target for accelerating the fracture healing.

LncRNA TUG1 influences osteoblast proliferation and differentiation through the Wnt/ß-catenin signaling pathway.

OBJECTIVE: Long non-coding ribonucleic acids (lncRNAs) play a vital role in bone development, but the function of lncRNA taurine up-regulated gene 1 (TUG1) in osteoblast proliferation and differentiation is still unknown. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The expression of TUG1 and the messenger RNA (mRNA) expressions of the Wnt/ß-catenin signaling pathway markers [Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), Frizzled-2, axis inhibition protein 2 (Axin 2) and ß-catenin] at 0 d, 1 d, 7 d and 14 d after in vitro culture of osteoblasts were detected, respectively, by Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR). The effects of TUG1 on the Wnt/ß-catenin signaling pathway markers and osteoblast proliferation and differentiation were studied through the silencing of TUG1 by short hairpin TUG1 (shTUG1). Furthermore, the effects of the Wnt/ß-catenin signal on osteoblast proliferation and differentiation was verified by Wnt/ß-catenin signal inhibitors. RESULTS: With the continuous differentiation of osteoblasts, the level of TUG1 was significantly increased. The mRNA levels of the Wnt/ß-catenin signaling pathway markers (Runx2, Frizzled-2, Axin 2 and ß-catenin) also showed the same increasing trend. ShTUG1 notably reduced the activity of alkaline phosphatases (ALPs), the levels of osteocalcin and osteopontin and osteoblast proliferation activity. In addition, the silencing of TUG1 by shTUG1 resulted in significant reductions in the proteins of the Wnt/ß-catenin signaling pathway markers (Runx2, Frizzled-2, Axin 2 and ß-catenin), and Wnt/ß-catenin inhibitors markedly reduced osteoblast proliferation and differentiation activity. CONCLUSIONS: LncRNA TUG1 inhibition can suppress the Wnt/ß-catenin signaling pathway and reduce osteoblast proliferation and differentiation.

[Clinical values of multimodal preventive analgesia in patients with partial hepatectomy for liver cancer].

Objective: To investigate the clinical values of multimodal preventive analgesia in patients with partial hepatectomy for liver cancer. Methods: A perspective study was conducted to collect data of patients with liver cancer who underwent partial hepatectomy from March 2014 to March 2015.The 90 patients involved in the study were randomly divided into two groups as multimodal analgesia and control groups, and each group had 45 cases. In multimodal analgesia group, 40 mg parecoxib sodium was injected intravenously 30 minutes before anesthetic induction, and 0.375% ropivacaine 150 mg combined with dexamethasone 5 mg were applied to transversus abdominis plane block before closing abdomen.The patients in control group without above treatment. Patient controlled intravenous analgesia was used in all patients. Three days after surgery, 40 mg parecoxib sodium was injected intravenously, twice a day for all patients.Visual analogue scales (VAS) was used to evaluate postoperative pain, and postoperative adverse events were observed.The number of cases of postoperative ambulation (>6 h for every day), time of flatus and defecation, and duration of hospital stay were recorded in two groups.Pearson chi-square test was used to compare the rate or constituent ratio between two groups.Independent sample t test or Mann-Whitney U was used to analyzed the measurement data between two groups. Results: There were no difference between two groups in aging, gender, weight, body mass index, ASA classification, blood loss volume, time of operation(all P>0.05). The scores of VAS in multimodal analgesia group was significantly lower than that in control group(3.0±0.8 vs. 4.6±1.1, t=7.814, P<0.01 for day 1; 2.2±1.0 vs. 3.6±1.2, t=5.825, P<0.01 for day 2; 1.6±0.8 vs. 2.4±1.2, t=3.894, P<0.01 for day 3). The number of cases of postoperative ambulation(>6 h) in multimodal analgesia group was significantly more than that in control group (10 cases vs. 0 case, χ(2)=11.250, P<0.01 for day 1; 21 cases vs. 5 cases, χ(2)=13.846, P<0.01 for day 2; 28 cases vs. 17 cases, χ(2)=5.378, P =0.020 for day 3). The time of flatus and defecation, and duration of hospital stay were significantly shorter than that in control group((30.2±7.3) hours vs. (36.4±7.0)hours, t=4.115, P<0.01 for flatus; (50.9±5.2)hours vs. (60.7±7.3)hours, t=7.346, P<0.01 for defecation; (6.2±0.8)days vs. (9.6±1.1)days, t=16.615, P<0.01 for hospital stay). Conclusion: Multimodal preventive analgesia effectively alleviate the postoperative pain, benefits early ambulation, improves recovery of gastrointestinal function, and shortens duration of hospital stay in patients with partial hepatectomy for liver cancer.

[Comparative study of surgical treatment combined with various methods for treatment of ear scar].

Objective:To evaluate the clinical effect of auricular keloids resection combined with local injection of glucocorticoid and superficial X-ray treatment in order to identify a surgery-based, personalized, comprehensive treatment system.Method:One hundred and sixty patients with auricular keloids were divided into four groups: surgery group, surgery combined with local injection of glucocorticoid group, surgery combined with superficial X-ray group and surgery combined with glucocorticoid and electron irradiation group (Triple therapy group). These groups were followed up for one year. Based on Darzi's criterion of keloid curative effect, the effect was judged and analyzed statistically.Result:One year after operation, the effective rate of the surgery group was 52.5%, that of the surgery combined with glucocorticoid injection group was 80.0%, that of the surgery combined with the superficial X-ray group was 82.5%, and that of the triple therapy group was about 97.5%. The simple surgery group was significantly lower than the surgery combined with glucocorticoid injection group, the operation combined with superficial X-ray group and triple therapy group (P< 0.01); the triple therapy group was better than the surgery combined with superficial X-ray group and surgery combined with glucocorticoid injection group, showing statistically significant differences (P< 0.05); There was no statistical difference (P> 0.05) between the surgery combined with glucocorticoid injection group and the surgery combined with superficial X-ray group.Conclusion:In the auricular keloids treatment, surgical resection with a poor curative effect is not recommended; triple therapy, which is better surgery combined with glucocorticoid local injection and surgery combined with superficial X-ray, should be used as the first line treatment. The overall response rate of surgery combined with glucocorticoid local injection and surgery combined with superficial X-ray is satisfactory. It should be individualized for use depending upon the situation.

Ultralow-frequency Raman system down to 10 cm(-1) with longpass edge filters and its application to the interface coupling in t(2+2)LGs.

Ultralow-frequency (ULF) Raman spectroscopy becomes increasingly important in the area of two-dimensional (2D) layered materials; however, such measurement usually requires expensive and nonstandard equipment. Here, the measurement of ULF Raman signal down to 10 cm(-1) has been realized with high throughput by combining a kind of longpass edge filters with a single monochromator, which are verified by the Raman spectrum of L-cystine using three laser excitations. Fine adjustment of the angle of incident laser beam from normal of the longpass edge filters and selection of polarization geometry are demonstrated how to probe ULF Raman signal with high signal-to-noise. Davydov splitting of the shear mode in twisted (2+2) layer graphenes (t(2+2)LG) has been observed by such system in both exfoliated and transferred samples. We provide a direct evidence of twist-angle dependent softening of the shear coupling in t(2+2)LG, while the layer-breathing coupling at twisted interfaces is found to be almost identical to that in bulk graphite. This suggests that the exfoliation and transferring techniques are enough good to make a good 2D heterostructures to demonstrate potential device application. This Raman system will be potentially applied to the research field of ULF Raman spectroscopy.