Granulomatous mastitis in multiparae during pregnancy and lactation: Observational study (STROBE compliant).

ABSTRACT: The incidence of granulomatous mastitis (GLM) in multiparae as seriously affected the quality of life and breastfeeding of pregnant women after delivery, but the treatment is rarely reported. In this article, the development, healing, and lactation of 13 cases were reported and a retrospective analysis was performed. 10 cases of GLM were treated at the Breast Disease Prevention and Treatment Center of Haidian Maternal & Child Health Hospital of Beijing and 3 cases of GLM were treated in the Breast Department of Weihai Municipal Hospital of Shandong province from February 2017 to May 2019.Among the 13 patients, conservative symptomatic treatment was adopted during pregnancy and lactation: anti-infective therapy consisting of oral cephalosporin antibiotic for patients; ultrasound-guided puncture and drainage of pus or incision and drainage after abscess formation. Observation continued during the sinus tract phase. Postpartum breastfeeding was encouraged, especially on the affected side. In this study, the median healing time was 20 months and the average healing time was 30.4 months in 5 healthy breast lactation cases. In 8 cases of bilateral breast lactation, the median healing time was 30 months and the average healing time was 26.5 months. Linear regression test analysis: whether the affected breast was breast-fed after delivery had no effect on the postpartum wound healing time, P = .792. The wounds of 13 patients healed well after lactation, and none of them recurred since the last follow-up visit. There were no adverse events in all infants.Conservative symptomatic treatment for GLM of multiparous women during pregnancy and lactation and encouraging breastfeeding after delivery have no effect on infant health and the recovery time of patients.

MCM3AP-AS1 regulates proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion of breast cancer cells via binding with ZFP36.

BACKGROUND: Previous studies suggest that long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) maintenance complex component 3 associated protein (MCM3AP) antisense RNA 1 (MCM3AP-AS1) has a wide range of functions in several cancers. However, its expression and functions in breast cancer are unclear. METHODS: Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to detect the expression of MCM3AP-AS1. MTT, colony formation and anchorage-independent growth assay were used to examine the effect of MCM3AP-AS1 on growth of breast cancer cells. TUNEL and flow cytometry assay were applied to investigate the role of MCM3AP-AS1 on cell apoptosis. Wound heading and transwell matric penetration assay were used to detect the role of MCM3AP-AS1 on cell motility. RNA pull-down and RIP assay were used to examine the interaction of MCM3AP-AS1 and ZFP36. RESULTS: We found that lncRNA MCM3AP-AS1 was significantly upregulated in breast cancer, which correlated with patients' clinicopathological characteristics. Downregulation of MCM3AP-AS1 substantially inhibited the proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion of breast cancer cells. Further analysis clarified that MCM3AP-AS1 binds with the RNA-binding protein ZFP36 ring finger protein (ZFP36) to regulate the levels of cyclin D1 (CCND1), c-myc (MYC), and matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP1). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings show lncRNA MCM3AP-AS1 might be a prognostic factor and a promising therapeutic target for breast cancer therapy.

Connection between SOX7 Expression and Breast Cancer Prognosis.

BACKGROUND SOX7 exerts a repressing effect against tumors and imposes vital influences on malignancies. Our research discussed the importance of SOX7 in breast cancer prognoses. MATERIAL AND METHODS SOX7 mRNA expression in breast cancer tissues samples and matched adjacent normal controls of breast cancer patients was measured by quantitative real-time-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The relationship of SOX7 with clinicopathological characteristics were analyzed via chi-square test. The association of SOX7 levels with clinical outcomes was evaluated adopting the Kaplan-Meier method and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression model. RESULTS SOX7 mRNA degree of expression exhibited a declining tendency in breast cancer tissue compared to paired bordering normal tissue specimens (P<0.001). In addition, the reduced SOX7 degree of expression had a strong correlation to larger cancer mass dimension (P=0.006) and lymph node metastasis (P=0.001). Survival analysis revealed that the overall survival (OS) time was much shorter among cases harboring low SOX7 degree of expression compared to high degree of expression (P=0.005). Moreover, SOX7 expression alone could predict OS among breast cancer patients (hazard ratio=3.956, 95% confidence interval=1.330-11.772, P=0.013). CONCLUSIONS SOX7 expression was downregulated in breast cancer tissues, and it could function as a useful prognostic marker in breast cancer.

Expression of NAMPT is associated with breast invasive ductal carcinoma development and prognosis.

Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) possesses various functions in human cells, and altered NAMPT expression is associated with human carcinogenesis. The present study detected the expression of NAMPT in normal and cancerous breast tissues from 83 patients using immunohistochemistry, and analyzed its association with the clinicopathological and survival data of the patients. NAMPT was significantly overexpressed in the breast invasive ductal carcinoma tissues compared with adjacent normal mammary gland tissues. Upregulated NAMPT expression was associated with a larger tumor size, lymph node metastasis, advanced clinical tumor-node-metastasis stages, and estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor expression. Furthermore, NAMPT expression was associated with poor overall and disease-free survival in patients with breast cancer. In conclusion, NAMPT increased protein expression in tumor cells may contribute to the development and progression of breast invasive ductal carcinoma. Thus, detection of NAMPT expression might be useful as a biomarker for the early detection and prognosis prediction of breast cancer.

Serum Dickkopf-1 expression level positively correlates with a poor prognosis in breast cancer.

BACKGROUND: The different expression level of Dickkopf-1 (DKK-1) in different cancers shows that the function of DKK-1 depends on the histological type of the cancer cells and the tissue microenvironment. To our knowledge, the serum expression level of DKK-1 in breast cancer is little known. METHODS: Blood samples from 125 consecutive patients diagnosed with breast cancer and 53 control subjects from March 2008 to August 2013 were investigated. Serum DKK-1 expression levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The overall survival (OS) and relapse-free survival (RFS) analyzed by log-rank test, and survival curves were plotted according to Kaplan-Meier. RESULTS: The mean serum level of DKK-1 in patients with breast cancer was 4.99 ± 1.50 ng/mL, and was significantly higher than that in healthy individuals (1.88 ± 0.81 ng/mL, P < 0.001). DKK-1 level correlated significantly with TNM stage (P = 0.009), tumor grade (P = 0.02), lymph node metastasis (P = 0.001), and expression of HER2 (P = 0.002). The DKK-1 expression level was classified as high or low in relation to the median value, and patients with breast cancer (n = 125) were divided into a high expression group (n = 63) and a low expression group (n = 62). The Kaplan-Meier method for survival analysis showed that the patients with a high serum DKK-1 level had a poorer OS (48.7% vs. 81.3%, p = 0.01) and RFS (24.3% vs. 71.6%, p = 0.003) than those with a low expression level. The multivariate Cox regression analysis indicated that serum DKK-1 level was independent prognostic factors for OS and RFS. CONCLUSIONS: Serum DKK-1 level can be used as a noninvasive biomarker for the prognosis of breast cancer. VIRTUAL SLIDES: The virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/13000_2014_161.