ABSTRACT
In numerical computation, locating multiple roots of nonlinear equations (NESs) in a single run is a challenging work. In order to solve the problem of population grouping and parameters settings during the evolutionary, a clustering-based adaptive speciation differential evolution, referred to as CASDE, is presented to deal with NESs. CASDE offers three advantages: 1) the clustering with dynamic clustering sizes is used to set clustering sizes for different problems; 2) adaptive parameter control at the niche level is proposed to enhance the search ability and efficiency; 3) re-initialization mechanism motivates the algorithm to search new roots and saves computing resources. To evaluate the performance of CASDE, we select 30 problems with different features as test suite. Experimental results indicate that the speciation clustering with dynamic clustering sizes, niche adaptive parameter control, and re-initialization mechanism when combined together in a synergistic manner can improve the ability to find multiple roots in a single run. Additionally, our method is also compared with other state-of-the-art methods, which is capable of obtaining better results in terms of peak ratio and success rate. Finally, two practical mechanical problems are used to verify the performance of CASDE, and it also demonstrates superior results.
Subject(s)
Algorithms , Cluster AnalysisABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Trachypithecus leucocephalus, the white-headed langur, is a critically endangered primate that is endemic to the karst mountains in the southern Guangxi province of China. Studying the genomic and transcriptomic mechanisms underlying its local adaptation could help explain its persistence within a highly specialized ecological niche. RESULTS: In this study, we used PacBio sequencing and optical assembly and Hi-C analysis to create a high-quality de novo assembly of the T. leucocephalus genome. Annotation and functional enrichment revealed many genes involved in metabolism, transport, and homeostasis, and almost all of the positively selected genes were related to mineral ion binding. The transcriptomes of 12 tissues from three T. leucocephalus individuals showed that the great majority of genes involved in mineral absorption and calcium signaling were expressed, and their gene families were significantly expanded. For example, FTH1 primarily functions in iron storage and had 20 expanded copies. CONCLUSIONS: These results increase our understanding of the evolution of alkali tolerance and other traits necessary for the persistence of T. leucocephalus within an ecologically unique limestone karst environment.
