ABSTRACT
The local distortions and electron paramagnetic resonance parameters for Cu2+ in the mixed alkali borate glasses xNa2 O-(30-x)K2 O-70B2 O3 (5 ≤ x ≤ 25 mol%) are theoretically studied with distinct modifier Na2 O compositions x. Owing to the Jahn-Teller effect, the octahedral [CuO6 ]10- clusters show significant tetragonal elongation ratios p ~19% along the C4 axis. With the increase of composition x, the cubic field parameter Dq and the orbital reduction factor k exhibit linearly and quasi-linearly decreasing tendencies, respectively, whereas the relative tetragonal elongation ratio p has quasi-linearly increasing rule with some fluctuations, leading to the minima of g factors at x = 10 mol%. The composition dependences of the optical spectra and the electron paramagnetic resonance parameters are suitably reproduced by the linear or quasi-linear relationships of the relevant quantities (i.e., Dq, k, and p) with x. The above composition dependences are analyzed from mixed alkali effect, which brings forward the modifications of the local crystal-fields and the electronic cloud distribution around Cu2+ with the variation of the composition of Na2 O.
ABSTRACT
Diabetic cardiomyopathy is one of the major complications of diabetes mellitus. Oxidative stress appears to play a substantial role in cardiomyopathy. Grape seed procyanidin B2 (GSPB2) has been known as an anti-oxidant in treating diabetes mellitus; however, little is known about its effects and underlying mechanisms on diabetic cardiomyopathy. The present study is to explore the molecular targets of GSPB2 responsible for the anti-oxidative effects in db/db mice by quantitative proteomics. GSPB2 (30 mg/kg body weight/day) were intragastric administrated to db/db mice for 10 weeks. Proteomics of the heart tissue extracts by isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification analysis was obtained from db/db mice. Our study provides important evidence that GSPB2 protect against cardiomyopathy in diabetes mellitus, which are believed to result from regulating the expression of key proteins involving cardiac fibrosis and proliferation. GSPB2 could be expected to become novel clinical application in fighting against diabetic cardiomyopathy.
