ABSTRACT
Ziziphus jujuba Mill is the dried ripe fruit of the Rhamnaceae family; it is widely distributed in Shandong, Henan, Liaoning, and other places in China. In folk medicine, it was used to restore vital energy, as a blood tonic, and for the treatment of spleen deficiency. To date, a complete investigation of the compounds of Z. jujuba has rarely been performed. Therefore, a reliable strategy based on UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS, combined with trace data acquisition mode (parallel reaction monitoring scanning, PRM) and multiple data processing methods, is necessary for the characterization of compounds in the Z. jujuba. Ultimately, 295 compounds, including 69 flavonoids, 60 alkaloids, 82 phenylpropanoids, 52 organic acids, and 32 other components, were identified in the Z. jujuba; of these, 270 have been reported in Z. jujuba for the first time. This study provides deep insights into the chemistry of Z. jujuba and could be useful for further studies aimed at identifying the factors contributing to the health benefits attributed to this fruit.
ABSTRACT
Sabia schumanniana Diels (SSD) is a plant whose stems are used in traditional folk medicine for the treatment of lumbago and arthralgia. Previous studies have revealed chemical constituents of SSD, including triterpenoids and aporphine alkaloids. Aporphine alkaloids contain a variety of active components, which might facilitate the effective treatment of lumbago and arthralgia. However, only 5-oxoaporphine (fuseine) has been discovered in SSD to date. In this study, we sought to systematically identify the aporphine alkaloids in SSD. We established a fast and reliable method for the detection and identification of these aporphine alkaloids based on ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC)-Q-Exactive-Orbitrap/mass spectrometry combined with parallel reaction monitoring (PRM). We separated all of the analyzed samples using a Thermo Scientific Hypersil GOLD™ aQ C18 column (100 mm × 2.1 mm, 1.9 µm). Finally, we identified a total of 70 compounds by using data such as retention times and diagnostic ions. No fewer than 69 of these SSD aporphine alkaloids have been reported here for the first time. These findings may assist in future studies concerning this plant and will ultimately contribute to the research and development of new drugs.
Subject(s)
Alkaloids , Aporphines , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Low Back Pain , Humans , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid/methods , Mass Spectrometry/methods , Alkaloids/chemistry , ArthralgiaABSTRACT
Aurantio-obtusin (AO) is a major anthraquinone compound isolated from Cassiae Semen or Duhaldea nervosa, which possesses diverse pharmacological effects. Previous studies have shown that it has a good effect on lowering blood lipids and treating various diseases. A few studies have also reported about its metabolites. A rapid and reliable method using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-Q-Exactive Orbitrap mass spectrometry and multiple data-processing technologies was established to investigate the metabolites of AO in the plasma and various tissues of rats, including the heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidneys, and brain. Finally, a total of 36 metabolites were identified in the plasma of rats, which could be very beneficial for understanding the effective form of AO metabolites leading to new drug discovery. The result demonstrated that this strategy, especially parallel reaction monitoring, has shown a wide range of applications in the identification of metabolites.
