ABSTRACT
Sulfur dioxide (SO2) is naturally synthesized by glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT) from L-cysteine in mammalian cells. We aim to investigate the role of SO2 in inflammation in acute lung injury (ALI) following limb ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). Male Wistar rats were subjected to limb I/R and were injected with saline, GOT inhibitor hydroxamate (HDX, 0.47 mmol/kg), or the SO2 donor Na2 SO3 /NaHSO3 (0.54 mmol/kg/0.18 mmol/kg). Compared with the sham operation, the plasma SO2 levels were significantly decreased by limb I/R treatment. In addition, SO2 concentration and GOT activity in the lung tissue were also reduced in ALI. The occurrence of ALI following limb I/R can be prevented by Na2 SO3 /NaHSO3 treatment, whereas it can be significantly aggravated by HDX. The plasma IL-1ß, IL-6, and IL-10 levels were consistent with myeloperoxidase activity and inflammation in lung tissue. In conclusion, our data suggest that downregulation of endogenous SO2 production might be involved in pathogenesis of ALI following limb I/R in rats.
Subject(s)
Acute Lung Injury/pathology , Inflammation/metabolism , Reperfusion Injury/metabolism , Sulfur Dioxide/metabolism , Acute Lung Injury/metabolism , Animals , Aspartate Aminotransferases/antagonists & inhibitors , Aspartate Aminotransferases/metabolism , Cysteine/metabolism , Inflammation/pathology , Interleukin-10/blood , Interleukin-1beta/blood , Interleukin-6/blood , Male , Rats , Rats, Wistar , Reperfusion Injury/pathologyABSTRACT
The adsorption behavior of nanometer TiO2 towards Gallium (Ga) Indium (In) and Thallium (Tl) was investigated with inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). The optimum conditions for adsorption were studied in detail, and the test included sorption kinetics, effect of pH on adsorption ratio, enrichment factor, and adsorption capacity. Under the optimum conditions, Ga (III), In(III) and Tl(I) ions could be adsorbed and recovered quantitatively. The static adsorption capacities of Ga(III), In(III) and Tl(I) on nanometer TiO2 were 48.6, 46.6 and 23.4 mg x g(-1) respectively. For the elution of Ga(III), In (III) and Tl(I), a mixture of 0.1 mol x L(-1) EDTA solution and 1.0 mol x L(-1) HNO3 was used, and the recovery ratio was above 92%. According to the definition of IUPAC, the detection limits (3sigma) of this method for Ga, In and Tl with an enrichment factor of 12.5 are 3.0, 6.0 and 13 ng x mL(-1), respectively; and relative standard deviations (RSD) are 1.85%, 1.96% and 3.4%, respectively (n = 6). The proposed method has been applied successfully to the analysis of geological samples with satisfactory results.
