Synthesis of nano-ß-CD@Fe3O4 magnetic material and its application in ultrasonic treatment of oily sludge.

The extraction process of Tarim oil field in Xinjiang is accompanied by a large amount of oily sludge generation, which seriously restricts the progress of oil and gas development and causes serious pollution to the environment due to its large production, complex composition, and difficult treatment. Nanomaterials combined with ultrasound have been demonstrated to be a promising method for the disposal of hazardous oily sludge. In this paper, a magnetic material Nano-ß-CD@Fe3O4 was prepared by hydrothermal method and surface modification method. Nano-ß-CD@Fe3O4 can be intelligently enriched at the oil-water interface and oil-solid interface, and it can be stably dispersed to form nanofluid under the action of ultrasound. Nano-ß-CD@Fe3O4 can cause changes in oil composition when it is exposed to ultrasound, resulting in the decrease of viscosity and increase of fluidity. The experimental results of treating oily sludge in Xinjiang Tarim showed that the best treatment effect was achieved when the concentration of Nano-ß-CD@Fe3O4 was 0.5 %, the ultrasonic frequency was 60 Hz and the temperature was 60℃. This solution can reach 90.17 % oil removal efficiency within 45 min, and the secondary oil removal efficiency of Nano-ß-CD@Fe3O4 recovered by magnetic separation could still reach 85.65 %. This efficient oily sludge treatment method proposed in our study provides valuable information for the development of oily sludge treatment technology.

Phenotype and genotyping of Yersinia pestis in China / 中华地方病学杂志

Objective:To study the phenotype and genotype distribution of Yersinia pestis ( Y. pestis) in different natural foci of plague in China, so as to provide scientific basis for plague prevention and control. Methods:A total of 2 184 strains of Y. pestis isolated from different time periods, regions, hosts and vectors in 11 plague natural foci of China since 1943 were selected for biochemical type identification, glycolysis test, virulence factor test [capsule antigen (F1), pesticin Ⅰ (Pst Ⅰ), virulence antigen factor (VWa), pigmentation factor (Pgm)], different region (DFR) typing and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) typing. Results:There were 16 biochemical types of Y. pestis in the natural foci of plague in China, and each biochemical type showed obvious regional distribution in each foci. Most strains were positive for ass hide glue glycolysis (89.79%, 1 961/2 184), maltose (80.13%, 1 750/2 184), glycerol (94.23%, 2 058/2 184), and denitrification (82.78%, 1 808/2 184), and negative for rhamnose (88.78%, 1 939/2 184) and melibiose (85.62%, 1 870/2 184). Virulence factor test results showed that 99.95% (2 183/2 184) of Y. pestis were F1 positive; 99.73% (2 178/2 184) of Y. pestis can produce Pst Ⅰ; 73.31% (1 601/2 184) of Y. pestis were VWa positive and 26.69% (583/2 184) were VWa negative; Pgm positive strains accounted for 72.62% (1 586/2 184), Pgm negative strains accounted for 21.52% (470/2 184), and Pgm mixed type strains accounted for 5.86% (128/2 184). According to DFR typing results, there were 52 genotypes in 2 184 strains of Y. pestis, of which 19 were major genotypes and 33 were minor genotypes. CRISPR typing revealed 16 major genotypes, of which 7 were newly discovered. Conclusion:The phenotypes and genotypes of Y. pestis in various natural foci of plague in China are diverse and have geographical distribution characteristics.

Effects of proximal fibular osteotomy on stress changes in mild knee osteoarthritis with varus deformity: a finite element analysis.

BACKGROUND: Many previous studies lack sufficient quantitative evidences about changes in biomechanical properties of the knee in response to proximal fibular osteotomy (PFO). Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the preoperative and postoperative effects of PFO on mechanical stresses in the knee joint and provide with a biomechanical basis for PFO in the treatment of mild knee osteoarthritis (KOA) with varus deformity. METHODS: A total of 10 patients suffering mild KOA with varus deformity were enrolled in this study. Their image data from computerized tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were used for finite element models, and PFO models were established. Static structural analysis was carried out using ABAQUS to compare the von Mises stress distribution and values of the maximal von Mises stress of femoral cartilage, meniscuses, tibial cartilages, and tibial plateau before and after surgery. RESULTS: The stress distribution in the cortical bone of the tibial plateau showed that stresses were transferred from the anterior medial area to the posterior medial area after PFO. Values of the maximal von Mises stress in femoral cartilage, medial meniscus, medial tibial cartilage, and tibial plateau after surgery were significantly lower than the preoperative values, with statistically significant differences (P < 0.05). Postoperative values of the maximal von Mises stress of lateral meniscus and lateral tibial cartilage were significantly higher than the preoperative ones, with statistically significant differences (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: PFO could reduce the stresses in the medial compartment of the knee joint with stress pathways transferring from the anterior medial area to the posterior medial area of the tibial plateau. Therefore, PFO is recommended for the treatment of mild KOA with varus deformity featuring favorably pain-relieving effects.

Pathways of nitrogen loss and optimized nitrogen management for a rice cropping system in arid irrigation region, northwest China.

The reactive nitrogen (N) loss of the rice cropping system in the arid region shows a different pattern from that of subtropical humid region due to different climate types and crop management. However, little attention has been paid to this region. To fill this knowledge gap, a two-year (2009-2010) field observation was conducted in the Ningxia irrigation region, northwest China, to explore the major pathway of N loss following local farmers' optimal practice. Further, we determined the site-specific emission factors of ammonia and nitrous oxide, rate of surface runoff and subsurface (leaching and seepage) to improve the inventory resolution of arid irrigation region. Results showed that ammonia volatilization (45%-49% of total N loss), leaching and seepage (30%-33% of total N loss) were proved to be the primary factors of N loss in rice paddy fields. The emission factor of ammonia (21%) and N leaching rate (7.5%) following farmers' practice were 2.1 and 5.4 times higher than the country-specific default value in China. The country-specific N runoff rate and emission factor of N2O could be directly adopted in this region. A 20% reduction of N fertilizer to farmers' practice (300 kg N ha-1) alongside the application of organic fertilizer (30% N in synthetic fertilizer was substituted by pig manure) were considered to be the optimal N rate in this region. Our study can narrow the gap between researches on N loss in arid regions and subtropical humid regions. Meanwhile, the results can provide specific advice on N loss mitigation for policy makers in arid irrigation regions.

Finite element analysis of different internal fixation methods for the treatment of Pauwels type III femoral neck fracture.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the bifomechanical advantages and disadvantages of different internal fixation methods for the treatment of Pauwels type III femoral neck fractures. METHODS: 4 internal fixations were developed to treat Pauwels type III femoral neck fracture finite element models: a: the "F" shaped cannulated screw model, b: the traditional cannulated screw model, c: the "F" shaped cannulated screw coupled with medial plate model, d: the traditional cannulated screw coupled with medial plate. Under the same conditions, the 4 internal fixations and femur of von Mises stress and displacement distribution were studied. RESULTS: The most significant displacement of all models occurred at the femoral head. The maximum displacement of the femoral heads included: a: 1.53 mm, b: 1.73 mm, c: 1.18 mm and d: 1.34 mm. The von Mises peak stresses of the femoral calcar area in different models were: a: 115.2 MPa, b: 143.5 MPa, c: 107.8 MPa and d: 120.5 MPa. The peak stresses of the four internal fixation models included: a: 318.0 MPa, b: 360.9 MPa, c: 468.8 MPa and d: 771.5 MPa. CONCLUSION: The "F" shaped cannulated screw technique is capable of eliminating the torsional stress and shear stress while maintaining the axial compressive stress at the fracture end. Besides, the medial support plate can effectively resist the shearing force of the Pauwels III femoral neck fracture and create an excellent mechanical environment for fracture healing. Thus, for the Pauwels III femoral neck fracture, the use of "F" shaped cannulated screws combined with medial plate internal fixation are recommended.

Role of bone status in anterolateral portion of femoral head in the progression of osteonecrosis of the femoral head / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:Mechanical stress plays an important role in the progressive collapse in osteonecrosis of the femoral head.Therefore,the bone structure of weight-bearing area may be the risk factor for collapse.OBJECTIVE:To investigate the relationship between the bone preservation of weight-bearing area and collapse progression in necrotic femoral head.METHODS:Eighty-seven patients (102 hips) with ARCO stage Ⅱ osteonecrosis of the femoral head,diagnosed by MRI,were enrolled.All patients underwent a natural progression.Collapse and bone involvement of the weight-bearing area were viewed by anteroposterior and frog-leg lateral radiographs.According to the location of the necrotic lesion on the anterolateral portion of the femoral head,the necrosis was divided into three types:type 1,the posteromedial and central portions;type 2,part of the anterolateral portion;type 3,the entire anterolateral portion.The collapse rate and the time to collapse in different types were assessed.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) All patients were followed up for 3-58 months.(2) Of the 60 hips with collapse,46 (76.7％) hip collapse was identified on anteroposterior radiograph.On frog-leg lateral radiograph showing collapsed femoral head could be identified in 57 (95.0％) hips,which was significantly different (P ＜ 0.01).(3) In all 102 hips,the collapse rate in type 3 osteonecrosis of the femoral head was significantly higher than that of type 2 osteonecrosis of the femoral head (P ＜ 0.001),and the time to collapse was markedly shortened.None collapse occurred in all six hips with type Ⅰ osteonecrosis of the femoral head during follow-up.(4) In summary,preservation of anterolateral portion is associated with potential collapse progression in necrotic femoral head.

Clinical characteristics and treatment strategy of five phosphaturic mesenchymal tumors in hips / 中华骨科杂志

Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics and treatment strategy of phosphaturic mesenchymal tumors in hips.Methods From May 2017 to November 2017,five patients with phosphaturic mesenchymal tumors in hips,who treated in our hospital were retrospectively reviewed.The clinical manifestations,laboratory inspection,radiological examination,pathological examination and treatment were analyzed.Results Two male cases (40％) and 3 female (60％) were included.The overall age was 49～63 years old (average 54.40±5.37 years old).The course was 19～101 months (average 51.20±32.41months).Four cases of tumor were located in femoral head and 1 case was in femur intertrochanteric region.The maximum tumor diameter was 0.76～1.83 cm (average 1.28±0.39 cm).The early clinical manifestations of the patients were mainly non-specific bone pain or fatigue.The symptoms of the hip were not obvious.All patients had been misdiagnosed.After pathological frac-ture of the hip,the patient suffered from hip pain,thigh pain,fatigue,etc.,or limited hip function.The severe patients had a systemic multiple pathologic fractures.The serum phosphorus was lower than normal in preoperative period and recovered to normal level in 3-8 days after surgery.The postoperative ALP decreased significantly than preoperative in 4 patients and 1 case was slightly higher than preoperative.Preoperative 1,25-(OH)2-D3 and PTH were in normal range.99Tcm-octreotide (OCT) scan or 68Ga DOTA-TATE PET/CT can detect the disease.X-ray,CT and MRI can identify the lesions.The lesions of femoral head were basically under the joint surface,with a nodular change.Part of the tumor was infiltrating and close to the cortex.The pathology was mainly manifested as a large number of thin-walled vessels in the bone trabeculae.There were dense spindle cells or astrocytes between the blood vessels and the atypia is not obvious.Three patients were treated with total hip arthroplasty and two with segmental resection and bone graft.After surgical removal of the tumor,the patient's systemic pain or anemic symptoms were gradually relieved and the joint function was restored.Meanwhile,the bone density was increased.Conclusion The clinical features of the phosphaturic mesenchymal tumors in hips were not obvious.Comprehensive diagnosis should be carried out in combination with the clinical manifestations,laboratory examination,radiological examination and pathological examination.Total hip arthroplasty or segmental resection with bone graft can effectively remove the tumor and achieve good prognosis.

Impact factors and clinical outcomes of the treatment for osteonecrosis of femoral head by using impacting bone graft: a long and mid-term study / 中华骨科杂志

Objective To investigate the long and mid-term clinical outcomes of the impacting bone graft and impact factors in treating osteonecrosis of femoral head (ONFH).Methods Impacting bone graft was utilized to treat 54 patients (64 hips)with ONFH.There were 44 cases male and 10 female with an average age of 35.44±8.86 (range,20-55) years.There were 5 hips caused by trauma,23 hips by glucocorticoid administration,28 hips by intake of alcohol,4 hips by alcohol and glucocorticoid induced,and 4 hips by idiopathic factors.There were 14 hips at ARCO (Association Research Circulation Osseous) stage Ⅱ,50 hips at stage Ⅲ and 6 hips at JIC (Japanese Osteonecrosis Investigation Committee) type B,23 hips at type C1,35 hips at C2 type.Harris hip score (HHS) was used to evaluate the clinical effects.Potential factors,including age,etiologies,pain duration,ARCO stage and JIC type,were evaluated to investigate their impacts on clinical outcomes.Surgery failure was defined as diverting to other surgeries,or poor HHS score evaluation (＜70 points).The survival time of femoral head was defined as the interval between time of impacting bone graft and the failure of surgery.Results The mean follow-up duration was 8.61 ± 1.45 (range,5.13-10.84) years.The proportion of patients with excellent or good Harris score was 81.3％ (52/64).The excellent or good rate was 76.0％ (38/50) at 8 years follow-up.Furthermore,the total survival rate of femoral head was 92％ at 8 years follow-up.The number of surgical failure was 10 (12 hips) and the failure rate was 18.8％ (12/64).There were no significant differences in ages,etiologies,pain duration,ARCO stage and JIC type among these patients before surgery (P ＜ 0.05).There were significant differences in the post-operational Harris score and excellent or good rate among the 20-30 years group,31-40 years group and over 40 years group (P ＜ 0.05).No significant difference for both two indexes was observed among different etiologies (P ＞ 0.05).When considering the duration after the initial pain,there were significant differences among 6 months group,7-12 months group and over 12 months group (P ＜0.05).There were significant differences between the Ⅲa stage and Ⅲc stage (P＜ 0.05),and between the C1 type and C2 type (P ＜ 0.05).Multifactor Logistic regression showed that there was closely relationship between the Harris score (excellent or good rate) after surgery and pain duration,ARCO stage,JIC type (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Impacting bone graft for ONFH is satisfy in the long and mid-term follow up duration.Impacting bone graft would be more suitable for patients with the collapse less than 2 mm,the lateral wall preservation and interval after the initial pain less than 12 months.

Genotyping by CRISPR and regional distribution of Yersinia pestis in Qinghai-plateau from 1954 to 2011 / 中华预防医学杂志

Objective@#To investigate the CRISPR genotypes (clusters) and regional distribution of Yersinia pestis in Qinghai-plateau.@*Methods@#One hundred and two isolates of Y. pestis isolated from human plague patients, host animal and insect vectors from Qinghai-plateau were selected. The DNAs were extracted using the traditional sodium dodecyl sulfate decomposition and phenol-chloroform method. Three CRISPR loci YPa, YPb and YPc of 102 isolates of Y. pesits were amplified and sequenced, and then the CRISPR sequence analysis was carried out by comparing the latest published CRISPR spacer dictionary and the NCBI database to identify the spacer and spacer array. CRISPR genotyping of isolates of Y. pesits were finally conducted according to the polymorphism of the spacer arrays and the regional distribution pattern of isolates of Y. pesits in Qinghai-plateau was described.@*Results@#Forty spacers including 22 of YPa, 13 of YPb and 5 of YPc were observed among 102 isolates of Y. pestis in Qinghai-plateau, of which 5 spacers (a1', a103, a104, b4'' and b4''') were firstly identified. Meanwhile, 16, 10, and 5 different spacer arrays were obtained in YPa, YPb and YPc respectively, including 11 new spacer arrays detected in this study. One hundred and two isolates were divided into 24 CRISPR genotypes and classified into 9 CRISPR clusters (Cb4, Cb4', Cb2, Ca37, Ca7, Ca7', CaΔ5', Ca35' and Cc3'). Each dominant cluster presented significant aggregation geographically: Ca7 were found in Yushu, Nangqian, Chenduo, Zaduo, Zhiduo and Qumalai countries. Ca7' were found in Xunhua, Tongren, Zeku, Tongde, Maqin and Guinan countries. CaΔ5' were restricted to Qilian, Gangcha, Menyuan and Datong countries. CaΔ35' were found in Huangyuan, Haiyan, Gangcha, Tianjun, Delingha, Wulan, Doulan, Gonghe, Xinghai, Guide and Tongde countries.@*Conclusion@#CRISPR-based genotyping analyses showed complicated population of Y. pestis in Qinghai-plateau. Four clusters, Ca7, Ca7', CaΔ5' and Ca35' were the most epidemic dominant four clusters and presented obvious regional distribution patterns, which instructed us to strengthen the surveillance and prevention and control by CRISPR-genotyping technique.

Molecular dynamics simulation: a new direction targeting physiological mechanisms of neuronal calcium sensor-1 protein / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: Physiological functions, structural fold and unfolding of neuronal calcium sensor-1 (NCS-1) have been explored in a series of experiments, and then the possible mechanism models and key factors for remaining the structural stability are raised. But many functional models cannot be verified due to the limitations of resolution of the time and space and complex protein structure. The experimental phenomena and hypothesis or models may be tested at the atom levels by molecular dynamics, and the new structure may be predicted to provide basis for model establishment and functional mechanisms. OBJECTIVE: To overview the research process of physiological functions and mechanisms of NCS-1 using the experimental method and molecular dynamics simulations, thereby providing basis for future research.METHODS: PubMed database was retrieved for the literatures addressing NCS-1 using the English subject term Neuronal Calcium Sensor-1 or Neuronal Calcium Sensor1 or Neuronal Calcium Sensor 1 or NCS-1. Finally, 72 articles were included in result analysis based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The theoretical models of NCS-1 in secretion regulation, dopamine D2 receptor regulation, adenosine A2A receptor regulation in hepatocytes and Ca2+ regulation in myocardial cytoplasm and nuclei with different stimuli are put forward. The key factors to remaining structural stability are analyzed and summarized by modular dynamics simulation in view of structure. It is recommended to combine these two methods in order to deeply understand the protein functional mechanisms, thereby pushing the in-depth study.

Role of Irisin in Diabetes (review) / 中国康复理论与实践

Irisin is one of the myokines, that widely expresses in vavious tissues. Irisin may play a role in metabolism of glucide, lipoid, etc., as well as the insulin resistance, that may be focused in the researches of exercise therapy for diabetes.

The etiology and epidemiological significance of Yersinia pestis in Qilian County, Qinghai Province / 中华地方病学杂志

Objective To investigate the biological characteristics and epidemiological significance of Yersinia pestis strains in Qilian County,Qinghai Province,in order to provide a scientific basis for plague prevention and control.Method Totally 67 strains were separated from kinds of host in Qilian County,Qinghai Province from 1958 to 2011,to do biochemical test,toxicity test,virulence factors evaluation,plasmid analysis and different region (DFR) genotyping.Results According to biochemical typing,48 of the 50 strains tested were Qing-Tibet Plateau ecotype,15 were Qilian Mountain ecotype,and the remaining 4 were different ecotypes from the plague foci in Qinghai plateau.The strains had 8 genomovars,and were given priority to genomovar8 (42 strains),secondly,genomovar44 (15 strains),genomovar5 (4 strains),genomovar7 (2 strains),genomovar19 (1 strain),genomovar30 (1 strain),genomovar32 (1 strain),and genomovar34 (1 strain).A proportion of 95.52％ (64/67) of the strains contained 3 kinds of plasmid-6 × 106,45 × 106,and 52 × 106;85.07％ (57/67) contained all the four virulence factors,and 96.00％ (48/50) were velogenic strains.Conclusion The strains separated in Qilian County,Qinghai Province have the characteristics of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau plague's pathogen and have strong toxicity,so we should enhance the plague monitoring and give more publicity to plague prevention to prevent animal plague spreading to human.

The effect of nicorandil and trimetazidine on myocardial microcirculation in patients with NSTEMI after elective PCI / 实用医学杂志

Objectives To assess the effect of nicorandil and trimetazidine on myocardial microcirculation reperfusion in patients with NSTEMI after elective PCI. Methods 80 patients with NSTEMI were randomly assigned to four groups: normal medicine group (CON), nicorandil group (NIC), trimetazidine group (TMZ) and Combination group (NIC+TMZ). The coronary angiography and PCI were performed after 10 days. MCE was taken since 72 hours after operation. Results There were no significant differences in baseline characteristics between the four groups (P > 0.05). The A, β and A ·β of group NIC were significantly higher than group CON (P 0.05). The A,βand A·βof group NIC+TMZ were significantly higher than group NIC or TMZ (P<0.05). Conclusions Nicorandil can improve the situation of myocardial reperfusion after elective PCI in patients with NSTEMI, and it has some synergetic effect when combined with trimetazidine.

Effect of Group A Streptococcus Preparation combined with mitomycin and lentinan combined with mitomy-cin in the treatment of malignant pleural effusion through intrapleural catheter / 中国基层医药

Objective To explore the effect and side effects of Group A Streptococcus Preparation(Sapylin)com-bined with mitomycin and lentinan combined with mitomycin in treating malignant pleural effusion through intrapleural catheter.Methods 70 malignant pleural effusion patients were selected in this study.All the patients were randomly divided into Sapylin group and lentinan group.One case with penicillin positive of the Sapylin group was adjusted to enter the lentinan group.After drainage of pleural effusion,the patients were divided into Sapylin group (34 patients) and lentinan group (36 patients).For the Sapylin group,Sapylin was prior injected and mitomycin was posterior injected.For the lentinan group,lentinan was prior injected and mitomycin was posterior injected.The side effects and clinical effect were observed and reported.Results The effective rate of Sapylin group was 85.3%,whereas 83.3%of lentinan group.There was no significant difference between the two groups(χ2 =0.051,P =0.822).Both groups had the following minor side effects:chest pain,fever,vomit and decreased white blood cells.No liver or renal injuries were reported.Conclusion The clinical outcomes of Sapylin combined with mitomycin and lentinan combined with mitomycin are both positive,in addition,the side effects are minor.

Effects of Mifepristone on the Expression of Inflammatory Factors in Endometriosis Model Rats / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To study the effects of mifepristone on the expression of inflammatory factors in endometriosis (Ems)model rats. METHODS:SD rats were randomly divided into normal group(normal saline),model group(normal saline), mifepristone low-dose,medium-dose and high-dose groups [0.65,1.30,2.60 mg/(kg·d)],with 10 rats in each group. Except for normal group,Ems model was induced in other groups,and they were given relevant medicine intragastrically for consecutive 4 weeks. The volume of the ectopic focus was compared before and after treatment. The serum contents of TNF-α,IL-6 and IL-8 were detected by ELISA method. The phosphorylation of NF-κB p65 and the expression of COX-2 and PGE2 were detected by West-ern blot. The expression of NF-κB p65 mRNA in ectopic focus was detected by RT-PCR. RESULTS:Compared with normal group,the volume of the ectopic focus,the serum contents of TNF-α,IL-6 and IL-8,the expression of COX-2 and PGE2 protein, the phosphorylation of NF-κB p65 and the expression of NF-κB p65 mRNA in ectopic focus were increased in model group(P<0.01). Compared with model group,the volume of the ectopic focus,the serum contents of TNF-α,IL-6 and IL-8,the expression of COX-2 and PGE2 protein,the phosphorylation of NF-κB p65 and the expression of NF-κB p65 mRNA in ectopic focus were de-creased in mifepristone groups(P<0.01),in dose-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS:Mifepristone can reduce the volume of the Ems ectopic focus,via blocking NF-κB signaling pathway and reducing the expression of inflammatory factors.

Dynamic conformational characteristics of the R102Q mutant of neuronal calcium sensor-1 protein / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:Neuronal calcium sensor-1 protein has a variety of different neuronal functions and has a high distribution in different areas of the brain. A single residue R102Q mutation in human neuronal calcium sensor-1 protein is demonstrated to be associated with autism disease. The experiment studies have reported that this R102Q mutant has essential conformation changes in local area of the neuronal calcium sensor-1. OBJECTIVE: To wel understand the specific reasons of the R102Q mutation of the neuronal calcium sensor-1 to the conformational dynamic changes. METHODS:Six independent extensive al-atom molecule dynamic simulations during 0-450 ns were conducted. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: We have found that (1) there is no obvious recombination during the simulations between wild type and mutant type, but R102Q mutant alters the helix and makes the structure of the protein more stable; (2) R102Q mutation alters the salt bridges, reduces the flexibility of L2, and makes L3 extend in hydrophobic crevice. These results reveal that the helix plays an important role in the structural stability, and salt bridge is the important reason for the dynamic changes of neuronal calcium sensor-1 protein. This study may provide a structural insight into the function of protein deficiency associated with R102Q mutant.

Knowledge base, research front and hot spot analysis of Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase / 中国组织工程研究

Abstract BACKGROUND:Studies have found that Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1) is associated with familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, opening up a new way of studying molecular genetics. So far more than 100 kinds of SOD1 gene mutations have been found. OBJECTIVE:To analyze the hot spot, research front and knowledge base of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis visualy. METHODS:Totaly 4 693 relevant articles published from 2005 to 2014 were retrieved from Web of Science in ISI with “Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase” or “SOD1” as search keywords. With the aid of CiteSpace III software, the visualization mapping of the network in co-cited articles and keywords was drawn to reveal knowledge base, hot spots and research front of SOD1. The parameters include the number of published papers and citations within 10 years, distribution of research countries and institutions, main source journals, research area of highly cited papers, keywords with high-frequency and emerging keywords with high-frequency in recent 5 years. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The number of published papers and citations in a year showed a trend of sustained growth. United State, China and Japan rank the top three in this area, in which Chinese Academy of Sciences has a great influence among the research institutions. The research fields of SOD1 focus on neurosciences and neurology, biochemistry and molecular biology and so on. The high impact factors of journals with a large number of articles reflect the importance and innovation of this research. Ten high-cited articles consist of the knowledge base on SOD1, directing to the finding of different sites of SOD1 mutation and the measurement of protein concentrations and activity of SOD. The hot spots of SOD1 mainly focus on oxidative stress, familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis caused by SOD1 mutation and different types of transgenic animal models. The research fronts mainly focus on the finding of pathogenesis in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, such as the aggregation of TDP-43, the interaction between astrocytes and motor neurons, optineurin and the inhibitor of nuclear factor-κB, hexanucleotide repeat expansion in C9ORF72 and autophagy.

Research front and hotspots of neuronal calcium sensor-1 / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:Research front and hotspots of neuronal calcium sensor-1 are always the focus for the researchers in this field. OBJECTIVE:To probe the research front and hotspots of neuronal calcium sensor-1 with the methods of quantitative analysis. METHODS:The methods of co-cited articles analysis and word frequency analysis were used in the article. The objects were 363 articles from Web of Science by US Institute for Scientific Information (ISI) about the neuronal calcium sensor-1 from 1982 to 2014. The network of co-cited articles and keywords was showed in visualization mapping by using CiteSpace III in which the burst nodes represented the high impact hot papers and the most frequently used keywords, and revealed the research frontier and the hot spots of neuronal calcium sensor-1. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The physiological functions of neuronal calcium sensor-1 are the research frontier and the hot spots. The transformational point in time spot of the hotspots is during 1994 to 1996, 2000, 2008, 2012;and the different research focus showed in each stage:the structure and characterization of the protein during 1992-2000 and the protein function and the role during 2004-2012 are the research hotspots, while during 2008-2014 the hotspots place extra emphasis on the higher function (e.g. memory) and several diseases(such as schizophrenia, cancer, autism, depression, senile dementia, neuron damage, etc). The determination of the research frontier domains and hot spots of neuronal calcium sensor-1 wil indicate the goal and direction for the further studies.

In vitro cultivation, identification and osteoinduction of adult bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells have the potential of self-proliferation and multi-directional differentiation, while mesenchymal stem cells are few in adult bone marrow. In vitro purification, amplification and osteoinduction are very important for the research of bone tissue engineering. OBJECTIVE:To establish a simple and reliable in vitro cultivation and identification system of adult bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, and to induce the mesenchymal stem cells to differentiate into osteoblasts. METHODS:Bone marrow were extracted from adult anterior superior iliac, the density gradient centrifugation and adhesion method were used to isolate, purify, culture and amplify the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Osteogenic medium was prepared by mixing appropriate amount of dexamethasone,β-glycerophosphate and ascorbic acid C. The cells were divided into osteoinduction group and blank control group for observation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Adult bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were in typical long spindle-shape. The cells grew into rapid proliferation phase at 8-11 days and the growth curve was S-shape. CD44 and CD90 were in positive expression, while CD34 and CD45 were negative. The alkaline phosphatase activity was increased with culturing time prolonging, and reached the summit at the 12th day. The alkaline phosphatase activities of osteoinduction group were higher than those in the blank control group at different time points. These results suggested that in vitro cultivation, identification and osteoinduction system could obtain mesenchymal stem cells with high purity and good osteogenic differentiation capacity.

Non-alkaloid chemical constituents from Coptis chinensis / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To separate and identify chemical constituents from Coptis chinensis.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The compounds were separated and purified by various chromatographic techniques. Their structures were identified on the basis of their physicochemical properties using spectral techniques such as NMR and MS.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Thirteen compounds were separated from ethanol extracts of C. chinensis, including seven lignans, three simple phenylpropanoids, two flavones and one phenolic acid, and identified as erythro-guaiacylglycerol-8-O-4'-(coniferyl alcohol) ether (1), threo-guaiacylglycerol-8-O-4'-(coniferyl alcohol) ether (2), (+)-pinoresinol (3), (+)-medioresinol (4), (+)-lariciresinol (5), (+)-5'-methoxylariciresinol (6), (+)-isolariciresinol (7), chlorogenic acid (8), ferulic acid (9), Z-octadecyl caffeate (10), rhamnetin (11), wogonin (12), and vanillic acid (13).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Compounds 1, 2, 4, 6, 10-13 were separated from the genus Coptis for the first time.</p>