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AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To identify symptom clusters and examine their association with health-related quality of life. BACKGROUND: Multiple myeloma patients undergoing chemotherapy suffer from disease symptoms and adverse effects during the course of the disease. However, single symptom management has little effect, and symptom management for these patients remains challenging. Symptom clusters open a new perspective and provide important clues for symptom management. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study. METHOD: Participants were invited to complete the Chinese version of the Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale and Quality of Life Questionnaire-core 30. Appropriate indicators were used for descriptive statistics. Principal component analysis was used to identify symptom clusters. Associations between symptom clusters and quality of life were examined with Pearson correlation coefficients, Pearson correlation matrix and multiple linear regression. This study was reported following the STROBE checklist. RESULTS: A total of 177 participants were recruited from seven hospitals in this study. We identified self-image disorder, psychological, gastrointestinal, neurological, somatic and pain symptom clusters in multiple myeloma patients with chemotherapy. Approximately 97.65% of patients suffer from multiple symptom clusters. The pain, psychological and gastrointestinal symptom clusters have negatively influence on health-related quality of life. The strongest association was found with the pain symptom cluster. CONCLUSION: Most of multiple myeloma patients suffer from multiple symptom clusters. When improving the multiple myeloma patients' health-related quality of life, the clinical staff should prioritise relieving the pain symptom cluster. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: When multiple myeloma patients undergoing chemotherapy suffer from multiple symptom clusters, nurses should prioritise relieving the pain symptom cluster to improve their health-related quality of life. When drawing up and providing interventions, nurses should focus on the correlation among symptoms rather than single symptom. By relieving one symptom in a given cluster, other symptoms within the same symptom cluster may also be relieved.
Subject(s)
Multiple Myeloma , Quality of Life , Humans , Quality of Life/psychology , Multiple Myeloma/drug therapy , Syndrome , Cross-Sectional Studies , PainABSTRACT
Objective To initially investigate the time - dependent relation between breviscapine with peroxisome proliferator‐ac‐tivated receptor‐alpha(PPAR‐α) ,apolipoprotein A5 (apoA5) and triglyceride(TG) in HepG2 cells in different time points by ob‐serving the effect of breviscapine on the expression and contents of PPAR‐α ,apoA5 and TG in order to lay a certain foundation for further exploring the concrete mechanism for its regulating TG metabolism .Methods On the basis of earlier stage experiment ,100 mmol/L breviscapine was selected to treat the HepG2 cells at different time points (0 ,6 ,12 ,24 ,36 ,48 h) .The levels of PPAR‐αand apoA5 gene and protein ,and the TG content in HepG2 cells were detected .Results Breviscapine could increase the levels of PPAR‐α and apoA5 gene and protein and decrease the TG content in HepG2 cells (P< 0 .05) ,moreover which showed the time -dependence .Conclusion Breviscapine may decrease the TG level in HepG2 cells ,its mechanism may be realized by increasing the expression of PPAR‐α ,thus increacing the expression of apoA5 in HepG2 cell .
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0.05).CONCLUSIONS G1896A Variation principally distributes in HBeAg(-) group that expressed low level HBV DNA.A1762T Variation and HBeAg(+) haven′t obvious correlation.YMDD variation principally distributes in HBeAg(+) group that expressed high lever HBV DNA.YMDD variation initiates acute damage of liver cell.The variation of G1896A or A1762T may contribute to progressive damage of chronic liver disease.
