[Hydrogen bis-(1,2,4-triazole)] 1,2,4-triazolium bis-(3-carb-oxy-4-hy-droxy-benzene-sulfonate) 1,2,4-triazole disolvate.

The title compound, C(2)H(4)N(3) (+)·[H(C(2)H(3)N(3))(2)](+)·2C(7)H(5)O(6)S(-)·2C(2)H(3)N(3), consists of two types of 1,2,4-triazole monocation, one protonated at the 2-site lying across a twofold axis and the other protonated at the 4-site with the H atom disordered over a center of symmetry, a 5-sulfosalicylate anion and a neutral 1,2,4-triazole mol-ecule. The component ions are linked into a three-dimensional network by a combination of N-H⋯O, N-H⋯N, O-H⋯O, O-H⋯N, C-H⋯O and C-H⋯N hydrogen bonds. In addition, benzene-benzene π-π inter-actions of 3.942 (2) Š[inter-planar spacing = 3.390 (2) Å] and C-O⋯π (3.331 Å) inter-actions are observed.

Template-free synthesis of BiVO4 nanostructures: I. Nanotubes with hexagonal cross sections by oriented attachment and their photocatalytic property for water splitting under visible light.

Monoclinic structured BiVO(4) nanotubes have been selectively prepared by a template-free and surfactant-free solvothermal process in an ethanol-H(2)O mixed solvent. Interestingly, the nanotubes obtained at V(ethanol):V(water) = 3:1 have hexagonal cross sections with long lengths of approx. 1.2 microm, side lengths of approx. 200 nm and wall thicknesses of approx. 30 nm. A possible oriented attachment growth mechanism has been proposed based on the results of time-dependent experiments. Nanoplates were firstly formed by aggregation of primary nanocrystallites and then self-assembly converted to hexagonal-prismatic nanotubes via the corresponding oriented attachment mechanism. During this process, the presence of ethanol and the volume ratio of ethanol and water play important roles in the formation of the nanotubes with hexagonal cross sections. UV-vis spectroscopy was further employed to estimate the bandgap energy of the novel structure, which is larger (2.53 eV) than that for the bulk BiVO(4). The valence band edge position for the as-synthesized material was estimated to be 2.8 eV, which is positive enough for water oxidation. The photocatalytic activity for O(2) evolution from water splitting over the samples under visible light (lambda>420 nm) irradiation was investigated by using AgNO(3) as a sacrificial reagent. Experiment results indicate that the as-synthesized nanotubes exhibit higher photocatalytic activities for O(2) evolution than that of bulk BiVO(4), which is attributed to the special tubular structure morphology.

Adsorption of water-soluble dyes onto modified resin.

Adsorption behavior of five kinds of water-soluble dyes onto functionalized resin NKY has been dynamically and thermodynamically investigated. The results showed that the adsorption rates of dye K-GN, K-2BP, KN-R, AAB and 2G are all controlled by liquid film diffusion and particle diffusion. Equilibrium adsorption data can be well described by three-parameter equation. The first layer adsorption is the physical enhanced by chemical effect but multilayer adsorption is typically physical adsorption. Standard free energy change DeltaG(0) and standard entropy change DeltaS(0) indicate the adsorption of the dyes onto NKY can occur spontaneously.