Effects of MDR1 1236C > T-2677G > T-3435C > T polymorphisms on the intracellular accumulation of tacrolimus, cyclosporine A, sirolimus and everolimus.

1. Overexpression of P-glycoprotein (P-gp, encoded by MDR1) mediates resistance to multiple immunosuppressors. Several common MDR1 variants (1236C > T, 2677G > T, 3435C > T) impact the efflux activity of P-gp-mediated substrates. We assessed the effect of these polymorphisms on the sensitivity, intracellular accumulation, and efflux of tacrolimus, cyclosporine A, sirolimus and everolimus in transfected LLC-PK1 cells. 2. LLC-PK1 cell lines were transfected with empty vector (pcDNA3.1) and recombinant MDR1T-T-T, MDR1C-T-T, MDR1C-G-T and MDR1C-G-C vectors, respectively and further screened in the presence of puromycin. The IC50 values, intracellular accumulation, and apparent permeability ratios of tacrolimus, cyclosporine A, sirolimus and everolimus were evaluated. 3. MDR1 overexpression increased the resistance of LLC-PK1 cells to tacrolimus, cyclosporine A, sirolimus and everolimus. The resistance of cells expressing MDR1C-G-C wild-type haplotypes to tacrolimus were increased compared to MDR1T-T-T, MDR1C-T-T, MDR1C-G-T variant haplotypes. The efflux ability of P-gp-mediated tacrolimus in cells transfected with MDR1C-G-C was higher than cells overexpressing MDR1T-T-T, MDR1C-T-T, MDR1C-G-T variant haplotypes. In addition, the resistance of cells expressing MDR1C-G-C wild-type haplotypes to sirolimus were increased compared to MDR1C-T-T, MDR1C-G-T variant haplotypes. The efflux ability of P-gp-mediated sirolimus in cells overexpressing MDR1C-G-C was higher than cells transfected with MDR1C-T-T, MDR1C-G-T variant haplotypes. 4. These findings indicate that wild-type MDR1 exports tacrolimus and sirolimus more efficiency than the MDR1T-T-T, MDR1C-T-T, MDR1C-G-T variant protein. This observation indicates that 1236C > T, 2677G > T, 3435C > T variant haplotypes drastically decrease the efflux ability of P-gp-mediated tacrolimus and sirolimus in a substrate-specific manner.

ABCB1 1199G > A Polymorphism Impacts Transport Ability of P-gp-Mediated Antipsychotics.

The alterations in P-glycoprotein (P-gp)-mediated transport of antipsychotics due to the ABCB1 1199G>A polymorphism were assessed in the current study. The ABCB1wt and ABCB11199A recombinant cell models were constructed to study the sensitivity, intracellular accumulation, and transepithelial permeability of antipsychotic drugs. ABCB11199A recombinant cells had more sensitivity to olanzapine (2.2-fold, p < 0.01), aripiprazole (1.8-fold, p < 0.01), amisulpride (2.3-fold, p < 0.01), and risperidone (3.1-fold, p < 0.01) than ABCB1wt cells, while the resistance to paliperidone in both recombinant cell models was similar. In addition, the uptake quality of olanzapine, aripiprazole, amisulpride, and risperidone in ABCB11199A recombinant cells was greatly decreased compared to ABCB1wt cells (3.2-fold, p < 0.01; 3.7-fold, p < 0.01; 3.1-fold, p < 0.01; 2.6-fold, and p < 0.01, respectively). Furthermore, apparent permeability values were greatly increased in ABCB11199A recombinant cells compared with ABCB1wt recombinant cells for olanzapine (2.7-fold, p < 0.01), aripiprazole (2.9-fold, p < 0.01), amisulpride (3.4-fold, p < 0.01), and risperidone (4.1-fold, p < 0.01). The influence of ABCB1 1199G>A polymorphism on the transport of P-gp-mediated substrates showed up as drug-specific. Collectively, the ABCB1 1199G>A polymorphism may impact effective antipsychotics concentration in target cells via mediating the agents transport and distribution.