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1.
Sci Total Environ ; 694: 133612, 2019 Dec 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31401513

ABSTRACT

With an acceleration of urbanization in China, a large number of natural underlying surface have been replaced by impervious surface, which seriously affect the urban thermal and water environment. In this study, we focus on four typical urban underlying surfaces, asphalt, cement, pervious brick, and lawn. Based on the theory of heat transfer and fluid mechanics, we establish a solar radiation model and a rainfall convection model to analyze the heat transfer process of thermal radiation, thermal conduction, and thermal convection of urban underlying surface under different meteorological conditions. The fitting effects of both models are good: For solar radiation model, 0.89 ≤ R2 ≤ 0.99, 1.93 °C ≤ RMSE≤2.45 °C, 1.87 °C ≤ MAE ≤ 2.17 °C. For rainfall convection model, 0.95 ≤ R2 ≤ 0.96, 0.17 °C ≤ RMSE≤0.21 °C, 0.15 °C ≤ MAE ≤ 0.2 °C. Results show that: 1) In the absence of rainfall, the land-surface temperature of asphalt, cement, and pervious brick underlying surface is higher than air temperature, which has a positive effect on urban near-surface air temperature. In addition, the lawn underlying surface with the lowest temperature and the lowest temperature difference has a negative impact on the urban surface temperature. 2) In the rainfall, the underlying surface transfers heat to the runoff in the form of convection, forcing the runoff temperature to rise. Asphalt has the most obvious heating effect on runoff and lawn has the least effect on runoff temperature. The study proposes that the land-surface temperature can be lowered by paving lawn in hot places, and the pervious underlying surface should be adopted in the areas adjacent to the water bodies to reduce the influence of the underlying surface on runoff temperature.

2.
Clinical Medicine of China ; (12): 299-301, 2014.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM (Western Pacific) | ID: wpr-444275

ABSTRACT

Objective To investigate the risk factors and preventive strategies of patients with diffuse axonal injury(DAI) with deep veins thrombosis in lower limbs (LDVT).Methods One hundred and thirty cases of diffuse axonal injury patients with lower limb vascular were divided into LDVT group(22 cases) and non LDVT group(108 cases) based on ultrasound.The information including long-term bed,plasma fibrinogen level,varicose veins,hypertention,sex,age,smoking,alcohol drinking,diabetes,obesity,Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) were collected.Results There were significant different between LDVT and non-LDVT group in terms of longterm bed time,hypertension,smoking,diabetes,high plasma fibrinogen,age,low GCS score correlated with LDVT (x2 =7.08,5.99,5.17,4.70,3.55,12.72,t =27.80,P < 0.05).Gender,drinking,obesity,varicose vein factors had no correlation with LDVT(P > 0.05).Conclusion Diffuse axonal injury in patients with LDVT is more common in patients with older age,hypertension,low GCS score,the higher the plasma fibrinogen.

3.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM (Western Pacific) | ID: wpr-749349

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE@#To compare the hemostatic effects of local packing of Nasopore combined with hemocoagulase injection and local packing of Nasopore combined with saline injection for postoperative management of functional endoscopic sinus surgery by a double-blind, randomized control clinical trial.@*METHOD@#Sixty-eight cases of chronic sinusitis needed functional endoscopic sinus surgery were randomly divided into the experimental group of 40 cases and control group of 28 cases, respectively. For the experimental group, 1 U of hemocoagulase dissolved in 0.5 ml saline was injected into Nasopore which was packed into the nasal cavity after operation. For the control group, 0.5 ml of saline was injected. The postoperative bleeding of the two groups were scored by visual analogue scale.@*RESULT@#There was statistically significant difference between the bleeding VAS scores assessed 6 hours and the ones assessed 1, 2 and 3 days after the operation in the control group (P < 0.05). There was the statistically significant difference between the bleeding VAS scores of experimental group and control group assessed 6 h after the operation (P < 0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#The hemocoagulase may improve the hemostatic effect of Nasopore 6 hours after the operation by combined injection with Nasopore as nasal cavity packing.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Bandages , Batroxobin , Double-Blind Method , Endoscopy , Epistaxis , Therapeutics , Injections , Nasal Cavity , General Surgery , Treatment Outcome
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