Recent Advances in the Research of Photo-Assisted Lithium-Based Rechargeable Batteries.

The application of solar energy is crucial for alleviating the energy crisis and achieving sustainable development. In recent years, photo-assisted rechargeable batteries have attracted researchers because they can directly convert and store solar energy in the batteries. And it also can be used like a normal battery without light illumination. Photo-assisted lithium-based batteries have received more attention than other energy storage systems due to their higher energy density and relatively mature development. This Review focuses on the design of various photo-assisted lithium-based batteries including Li-ion, Li-S, Li-O2 , Li-CO2 and Li-I batteries, as well as the working mechanism of photoelectrodes in these battery systems. The basic understanding and challenge of photo-assisted lithium-based batteries are also discussed. At last, perspectives for the photoelectrode development are provided in the summary to advance photo-assisted energy storage systems.

Spatial-temporal characteristics and driving factors of the chemical fertilizer supply/demand correlation network in China.

The rational allocation of chemical fertilizer resources is of strategic importance in mitigating agricultural source pollution and achieving agricultural green development. The spatiotemporal correlation of chemical fertilizer supply/demand and its determinants remains unclear. In this study, based on the inter-provincial chemical fertilizer supply/demand panel data of China from 1994 to 2018, an improved gravity model was employed to determine provincial chemical fertilizer supply/demand correlations. Finally, the chemical fertilizer supply/demand evolution and its driving factors were analyzed using social network analysis and a quadratic assignment procedure. The results indicated that (1) the intensity of the spatial relationship of inter-provincial chemical fertilizer supply/demand increased in a fluctuating fashion, but there was still room for improvement. The network structure presented good stability, and the spillover effect exhibited multiple superposition characteristics; (2) the spatial correlation network of inter-provincial chemical fertilizer supply/demand presented a "core-periphery" distribution pattern of the supply, demand, and balance areas. The division of blocks in the network changed in time and space, and some provinces changed their roles and positions in the network during development; (3) chemical fertilizer-related policies (e.g., Exemption Agricultural Tax, Notice on the resumption of value added tax policy on fertilizers, and Rural Revitalization Strategy) have played a positive role in the formation and development of the interprovincial spatial correlation network of chemical fertilizer supply/demand in China; (4) natural conditions and socioeconomic factors interact to promote the formation of the spatial correlation network of chemical fertilizer supply/demand. The differences in the scale of the rural labor force, the scale of agricultural mechanization, the agricultural planting structure, the populations, and urbanization levels all had a significant impact on it. The identification of the spatial characteristics of chemical fertilizer supply/demand correlation networks offers a new perspective on taking various measures to realize the cross-regional coordination of chemical fertilizer resources, strengthen the protection and utilization of agricultural resources, and promote green agricultural development.

Improvement of multiple attenuation characteristics of two-dimensional lamellar ferrocobalt@carbon nanocomposites as excellent electromagnetic wave absorbers.

The lightweight carbon skeleton compounded with magnetic nanoparticles as excellent electromagnetic wave absorbers has attracted much attention considering their strong dielectric loss and magnetic loss, as well as the optimized impedance matching. However, the conventional method of compounding magnetic metals with carbon materials usually leads to the inevitable aggregation of magnetic nanoparticles, resulting in poor microwave attenuation characteristics. In this study, two-dimensional (2D) lamellar carbon matrix ferrocobalt (CoxFe1-x/C) nanocomposites are prepared using sodium chloride (NaCl) as a hard-template. By regulating the relative contents of Co and Fe in the nanocomposites, the 2D lamellar carbon skeleton with uniformly dispersed magnetic nanoparticles can be obtained successfully. Furthermore, the existence of a variety of metal and alloy phases promotes the generation of multiple attenuation characteristics. As a result, the Co0.9Fe0.1/C exhibits a broad effective absorption bandwidth of about 5.4 GHz at a thin thickness of only 1.65 mm. The excellent electromagnetic wave absorption can be attributed to the formation of a 2D lamellar structure and the uniform distribution of magnetic nanoparticles being conducive to the enhancement of polarization loss including dipole polarization loss and interfacial polarization loss. Considering that, the 2D lamellar Co0.9Fe0.1/C nanocomposite is promising to be a candidate for excellent electromagnetic wave absorbers.