Associations of the magnesium depletion score and magnesium intake with diabetes among US adults: an analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011-2018.

OBJECTIVES: The magnesium depletion score (MDS) is considered more reliable than traditional approaches for predicting magnesium deficiency in humans. We explored the associations of MDS and dietary magnesium intake with diabetes. METHODS: We obtained data from 18,853 participants in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011-2018. Using multivariate regression and stratified analysis, we investigated the relationships of both MDS and magnesium intake with diabetes. To compute prevalence ratios (PRs), we employed modified Poisson or log-binomial regression. We characterized the non-linear association between magnesium intake and diabetes using restricted cubic spline analysis. RESULTS: Participants with MDS ≥2 exhibited a PR of 1.26 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.19 to 1.34) for diabetes. Per-standard deviation (SD) increase in dietary magnesium intake was associated with a lower prevalence of diabetes (PR, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.87 to 0.96). Subgroup analyses revealed a positive association between MDS ≥2 and diabetes across all levels of dietary magnesium intake, including the lowest (PR, 1.35; 95% CI, 1.18 to 1.55), middle (PR, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.12 to 1.35), and highest tertiles (PR, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.13 to 1.37; pinteraction<0.001). Per-SD increase in magnesium intake was associated with lower diabetes prevalence in participants with MDS <2 (PR, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.87 to 0.98) and those with MDS ≥2 (PR, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.84 to 0.98; pinteraction=0.030). CONCLUSIONS: MDS is associated with diabetes, particularly among individuals with low magnesium intake. Adequate dietary magnesium intake may reduce diabetes risk, especially in those with high MDS.

Ideal cardiovascular health metrics have better identification of arthritis.

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to explore the association between ideal cardiovascular health metrics (ICVHM) and arthritis (AR), as well as the interactions of various indicators in ICVHM on AR in US adults. METHODS: We involved 17,041 participants who were interviewed by NHANES from 2011 to 2018. AR included osteoarthritis or degenerative arthritis (OA), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and psoriatic arthritis and other arthritis (Other AR). Logistic regression was applied to analyze the association between AR and ICVHM. Mixed graphical model (MGM) was used to explore the interaction between variables in ICVHM. RESULTS: Higher ICVHM scores had a protective effect on AR. Compared to "≤1" score, the ORs of AR in participants with 2, 3, 4, and ≥5 were 0.586, 0.472, 0.259, and 0.130, respectively. Similar results were also found in different types of AR. ICVHM has a maximum area under the curve value of 0.765 and the interaction between blood pressure and total cholesterol was 0.43. CONCLUSIONS: ICVHM correlates significantly with AR and is better at identifying AR than individual indicators. ICVHM can be better improved by controlling the indicators with stronger interactions. Our findings provide guidance for promoting health factors, which have important implications for identification and prevention of AR.

Associations of dietary inflammatory index with low estimated glomerular filtration rate, albuminuria and chronic kidney disease in U.S adults: Results from the NHANES 2011-2018.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is characterized by a high inflammation status with ever-increasing prevalence, and defined as low estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) or albuminuria. Both low eGFR and albuminuria can have independent effects on the body. The dietary inflammatory index (DII) is a validated tool used to assess the inflammatory potential of the diet. We aim to explore not only the association between DII and CKD, but also the associations of DII with low eGFR and albuminuria, respectively. In addition, their associations in different subgroups remain to be explored. METHODS AND RESULTS: 18,070 participants from the 2011-2018 NHANES with complete data of dietary intake and laboratory data were involved in our study. The data of 24-hour dietary recall interview was used to calculate DII, CKD could be reflected by laboratory data of creatinine and albumin. Then weighted multivariate logistic regression models and subgroup analyses were performed. The prevalence of low eGFR, albuminuria and CKD were 6.8%, 9.8% and 14.5%, respectively. A positive association between DII and low eGFR was observed (OR=1.12, 95%CI: 1.05-1.21), Q2, Q3 and Q4 are positively associated with a significant 39%, 65% and 71% increased risk of low eGFR compared with Q1 (P for trend<0.05). DII was also associated with CKD (OR=1.06, 95%CI: 1.01-1.11). CONCLUSION: Significant positive associations of DII with CKD and low eGFR were observed. But we didn't find such association between DII and albuminuria.

Adverse childhood experiences and human immunodeficiency virus testing among adults with human immunodeficiency virus risk behaviours.

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have been associated with poor HIV testing in adulthood yet, they have not been extensively described in those at increased risk for HIV. Cross-sectional analysis data (n = 204,231) on ACEs and HIV testing were obtained from the 2019-2020 Behavioural Risk Factor Surveillance Survey. Weighted logistic regression models were used to access the association of ACEs exposure, ACEs score, and ACEs type with HIV testing among adults with HIV risk behaviours, and stratified analysis was also performed to examine gender differences. The results indicated the overall rate of HIV testing was 38.8% and was higher among those with HIV risk behaviours (64.6%) than those without (37.2%). In populations with HIV risk behaviours, the negative association of HIV testing with ACEs exposure, ACEs score, and ACEs type was identified. Relative to those without ACEs, adults who were exposed to ACEs might decrease the rate of HIV testing, participants with ≥4 ACEs scores were less likely to have HIV testing, and childhood exposure to sexual abuse had the greatest impact on HIV testing. For both males and females, childhood exposure to ACEs was associated with lower odds of HIV testing and ACEs score ≥4 had the most robust associations with HIV testing. For males, those who experienced witnessed domestic violence had the lowest odds of HIV testing but the odds of engaging in HIV testing for females were the lowest among those who experienced childhood sexual abuse.

lncRNA ARAP1-AS1 enhances proliferation and impairs apoptosis of lymphoma cells by sponging miR-6867-5p.

BACKGROUND: Numerous evidence have suggested the vital role of lncRNAs in human tumorigenesis. And lncRNA APAP1-AS1 has been proved to act as an oncogene. OBJECTIVE: Nevertheless, the molecular process underlying ARAP1-AS1 for the lymphoma progression has not been well studied. METHODS: RT-qPCR was used to ascertain the miR-6867-5p and ARAP1-AS1 in lymphoma cells and tissues. The localization of ARAP1-AS1 was determined via subcellular fractionation analysis. A xenograft model was used to investigate the influence of ARAP1-AS1 in formation of tumor in vivo. In addition, interactions between ARAP-AS1 and miR-6867-5p were tested by bioinformatics analysis, RIP assay, luciferase reporter and Pearson's correlation analysis. Combined with loss-of-function experiments, MTT assays and flow cytometry were performed to evaluate the function of miR-6867-5p and also ARAP-AS1 in proliferation and apoptosis of lymphoma cells, respectively. RESULTS: ARAP1-AS1 was remarkably upregulated in lymphoma cells and tissues, while miR-6867-5p expression was downregulated. Furthermore, high ARAP1-AS1 expression suppressed miR-6867-5p expression in lymphoma cell lines (Raji and CA46), and Pearson's analysis showed negative correlation between ARAP1-AS1 expression and also miR-6867-5p expression. In addition, knockdown of ARAP1-AS1 resulted in weakened cell viability and uplifted apoptosis rate of lymphoma cells (Raji and CA46) as well as a delay in the tumor growth in vivo. Further investigations illustrated that miR-6867-5p inhibitor reversed all above biological activities. CONCLUSIONS: LncRNA ARAP1-AS1 served as a tumor-promoter in lymphoma cells by sponging with miR-6867-5p, which may help to provide potential therapeutic target gene for lymphoma patients.

Adverse childhood experiences and sleep duration among U.S. 65 years and older: results from the 2020 BRFSS.

BACKGROUND: Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are a risk factor for many chronic diseases and health behaviors. This study explores the relationship between ACEs and sleep duration in elderly populations in 22 U.S. states in 2020. METHODS: This study is a cross-sectional analysis of aged 65 years or older in the 2020 Behavioral Risk Factor Database (BRFSS). The weighted multivariate logistic regression was used to assess the association of ACEs status, ACEs type, and ACE scores with sleep duration. Subgroup analysis was used to estimate differences based on covariates. RESULTS: Among the 42,786 participants (55.8 % female) included in this analysis, 50.5 % reported at least one ACE, and 7.3 % reported 4 or more ACEs. Adjusting for confounding factors, experiencing ACEs was associated with short and long sleep duration (Odds Ratio (OR): 2.03, 95 % Confidence Interval (CI): 1.51,2.73; OR:1.78, 95%CI:1.34,2.36). Older adults who experienced sexual abuse in children were 146 % more likely to short sleep (OR:2.46,95%CI:1.84,3.31) and 99 % more likely to long sleep (OR:1.99, 95%CI:1.35,2.92). There was a dose-response gradient between ACEs scores and sleep duration, reporting ≥ 4 ACEs had 3.10 (OR:3.10,95%CI:2.12,4.53) and 2.13 (OR:2.13, 95%CI:1.33,3.40) times the risk for short-sleep and long-sleep duration compared to respondents reporting no ACEs. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed the association between ACEs and a high risk of sleep duration, which increased with increasing ACEs scores.

Association of Calcium, Magnesium, Zinc, and Copper Intakes with Diabetic Retinopathy in Diabetics: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2007-2018.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the associations between calcium, magnesium, zinc, and copper intakes and the risk of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in US diabetes adults. METHODS: Using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007-2018. Multivariable logistic regression models and restricted cubic spline models were applied to examine the associations between total calcium, magnesium, zinc, and copper intakes and diabetic retinopathy. RESULTS: A total of 3794 adults aged 40 years or older were included. Higher quartile intake of calcium, magnesium, zinc, and copper was associated with a lower occurrence of DR, the multivariate adjusted ORs (95% CI) were 0.57 (0.38-0.86), 0.48 (0.32-0.73), 0.58 (0.39-0.88), and 0.48 (0.30-0.77), respectively. U-shaped dose-response relationships were found between calcium, magnesium, zinc, copper intake, and the risk of DR. CONCLUSION: Higher total calcium, magnesium, zinc, and copper intake were inversely associated with the risk of DR in US diabetes adults.

Analysis of Clinical, Serological, and Imaging Features of Autoimmune Pancreatitis and a Case-Control Study on Prognostic Factors in Response to Hormone Therapy.

Objective: The paper aimed to analyze the clinical, serological, and imaging features of autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) and the prognostic factors affecting hormone therapy. Methods: A total of 106 patients with AIP enrolled in our hospital from March 2016 to August 2018 were treated with the hormone. The curative effect and recurrence were followed up. The patients were divided into relapse group (n = 42) and nonrelapse group (n = 64) according to the recurrence within 3 years after initial hormone therapy. The symptoms and signs, laboratory examination, and treatment were compared, and binary logistic regression was employed to explore the risk factors of AIP recurrence. Results: Among the 106 patients included in this study, there were 78 males and 28 females, with a male-to-female ratio of 3:1. The average age of onset was 56.25 ± 8.87 years; the minimum age was 39 years; and the maximum age was 7 years. The main clinical symptoms were jaundice (67.92%), abdominal pain (48.11%), and abdominal distension (33.96%). In addition, there were symptoms of weight loss, nausea, vomiting, itching, and gray stool. Previous complications included 27.35% diabetes (29/106), 22.64% hypertension (24/106), 35.84% smoking (38/106), and 28.30% alcohol consumption (30/106). The serological characteristics were mainly the increase in serum IgG4 level; 92.45% (98/106) level was higher compared to the upper limit of normal value; the median level was 11.65 g/L; and the highest level was 35.79 g/L. A total of 88.67% (94/106) had an abnormal liver function. The results of imaging examination indicated that 58.49% (62/106) of extrapancreatic organs were involved, of which 46.22% (49/106) were the most common bile duct involvement. All the patients in the group reached a state of remission after hormone treatment. After the disease was relieved, the patients were followed up for 3 years. The recurrence rate was 39.62% (42/106), and the median time of recurrence (month) was 9 (range 2-36). The recurrence rates within 1, 2, and 3 years were 20.75%, 31.13%, and 39.62%, respectively. Among the recurrent patients, 52.38% (22/42) relapsed within 1 year, 78.57% (33/42) within 2 years, and 100.00% (42/42) within 3 years. Multivariate analysis showed that the short duration of glucocorticoid therapy and involvement of extrapancreatic organs were risk factors for relapse after glucocorticoid therapy in patients with type I AIP. Conclusion: Type 1 AIP is more common in middle-aged and elderly men. The clinical symptoms of jaundice, abdominal pain, and abdominal distension are common, often accompanied by involvement of extrapancreatic organs, of which bile duct involvement is the most common. Type 1 AIP glucocorticoid treatment acceptance and disease remission are better, but the recurrence rate is higher after glucocorticoid treatment. Patients with a short time of glucocorticoid treatment and involvement of extrapancreatic organs may have a higher risk of recurrence.

Dioscin promotes autophagy by regulating the AMPK-mTOR pathway in ulcerative colitis.

BACKGROUND: Dioscin is reported to alleviate the dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis (UC) in mice. Autophagy plays an anti-inflammatory role in UC. We herein aimed to explore the biological functions of dioscin in autophagy in UC. METHODS: To explore the effects of dioscin on UC progression, a DSS-induced mouse model of UC was established. Body weight, disease activity index and macroscopic damage index scores were recorded for seven days. Hematoxylin & Eosin (HE) staining was used to stain colon sections and an BX53 microscope was prepared to observe pathological changes. The activities of glutathione, superoxidative dismutase, and malondialdehyde were determined by commercially available kits. Western blotting was performed to measure the protein levels of p-AMPK/AMPK, p-mTOR/mTOR and autophagy-related genes. RESULTS: The DSS-induced colitis and oxidative stress in mice were ameliorated after dioscin treatment. Dioscin promoted the phosphorylation of AMPK to inhibit mTOR activation and facilitated autophagy in DSS-induced mice model of UC. CONCLUSION: Dioscin promotes autophagy by promoting the phosphorylation of AMPK to inhibit mTOR activation in ulcerative colitis.