Early endovascular approaches for treating acute mesenteric arterial occlusive disease in hemodialysis patients.

BACKGROUND: Among hemodialysis patients, acute superior mesenteric artery (SMA) thrombosis a condition with a high mortality rate. Very few larger case series have been reported. METHOD: We reviewed eight hemodialysis patients with diabetes mellitus and SMA thrombosis managed with endovascular therapy in our institution. Demographic, clinical, and radiological data were described. The patency of the SMA was assessed by computed tomography angiography (CTA) at one month after the endovascular procedure. At the last visit, clinical symptoms and check of mortality were recorded. RESULTS: Multidetector CTA scan revealed severe stenosis of SMA in 6 patients and SMA occlusion in the other two patients. The severe stenosis of SMA were verified by angiography. Balloon angioplasty without stenting was performed to obtain satisfactory patency of SMA. Seven of eight patients achieved resolution of abdominal pain after the endovascular procedure. One patient died of suspected intestinal necrosis after 6 days of balloon angioplasty. All seven surviving patients did not experience a recurrence of symptoms with a median follow-up of 2 years. No significant residual stenotic or occlusive lesions were noted in follow-up CTA at one month after the endovascular procedure. CONCLUSION: SMA thrombosis should be systematically suspected in hemodialysis patients experiencing abdominal pain. Prompt diagnosis of SMA thrombosis as soon as possible and early endovascular therapy are required to obtain a favorable prognosis in the hemodialysis patient with SMA thrombosis.

Application of organoids in otolaryngology: head and neck surgery.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this review is to systematically summarize the application of organoids in the field of otolaryngology and head and neck surgery. It aims to shed light on the current advancements and future potential of organoid technology in these areas, particularly in addressing challenges like hearing loss, cancer research, and organ regeneration. METHODS: Review of current literature regrading organoids in the field of otolaryngology and head and neck surgery. RESULTS: The review highlights several advancements in the field. In otology, the development of organoid replacement therapies offers new avenues for treating hearing loss. In nasal science, the creation of specific organoid models aids in studying nasopharyngeal carcinoma and respiratory viruses. In head and neck surgery, innovative approaches for squamous cell carcinoma prediction and thyroid regeneration using organoids have been developed. CONCLUSION: Organoid research in otolaryngology-head and neck surgery is still at an early stage. This review underscores the potential of this technology in advancing our understanding and treatment of various conditions, predicting a transformative impact on future medical practices in these fields.

Research progress and application of single-cell sequencing in head and neck malignant tumors.

Single-cell sequencing (SCS) is a technology that separates thousands of cells from the organism and accurately analyzes the genetic material expressed in each cell using high-throughput sequencing technology. Unlike the traditional bulk sequencing approach, which can only provide the average value of a cell population and cannot obtain specific single-cell data, single-cell sequencing can identify the gene sequence and expression changes of a single cell, and reflects the differences between genetic material and protein between cells, and ultimately the role played by the tumor microenvironment. single-cell sequencing can further explore the pathogenesis of head and neck malignancies from the single-cell biological level and provides a theoretical basis for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of head and neck malignancies. This article will systematically introduce the latest progress and application of single-cell sequencing in malignant head and neck tumors.

Mechanism and treatment of olfactory dysfunction caused by coronavirus disease 2019.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Since the start of the pandemic, olfactory dysfunction (OD) has been reported as a common symptom of COVID-19. In some asymptomatic carriers, OD is often the first and even the only symptom. At the same time, persistent OD is also a long-term sequela seen after COVID-19 that can have a serious impact on the quality of life of patients. However, the pathogenesis of post-COVID-19 OD is still unclear, and there is no specific treatment for its patients. The aim of this paper was to review the research on OD caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection and to summarize the mechanism of action, the pathogenesis, and current treatments.

Genomic Variation-Mediating Fluconazole Resistance in Yeast.

Fungal infections pose a serious and growing threat to public health. These infections can be treated with antifungal drugs by killing hazardous fungi in the body. However, the resistance can develop over time when fungi are exposed to antifungal drugs by generating genomic variations, including mutation, aneuploidy, and loss of heterozygosity. The variations could reduce the binding affinity of a drug to its target or block the pathway through which drugs exert their activity. Here, we review genomic variation-mediating fluconazole resistance in the yeast Candida, with the hope of highlighting the functional consequences of genomic variations for the antifungal resistance.

The Biomarker TCONS_00016233 Drives Septic AKI by Targeting the miR-22-3p/AIFM1 Signaling Axis.

The prediction of mortality for septic acute kidney injury (AKI) has been assessed by a number of potential biomarkers, including long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs). However, the validation of lncRNAs as biomarkers, particularly for the early stages of septic AKI, is still warranted. Our results indicate that the lncRNA TCONS_00016233 is upregulated in plasma of sepsis-associated non-AKI and AKI patients, but a higher cutoff threshold (9.5 × 105, copy number) provided a sensitivity of 71.9% and specificity of 89.6% for the detection of AKI. The plasma TCONS_00016233 was highly correlated with serum creatinine, tissue inhibitor metalloproteinase-2 (TIMP-2), insulin-like growth factor binding protein-7 (IGFBP7), interleukin-1ß (IL-1ß), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), C-reactive protein (CRP), and urinary TCONS_00016233. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced the expression of lncRNA TCONS_00016233 via the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signal pathway in human renal tubular epithelial (HK-2) cells. Furthermore, TCONS_00016233 mediates the LPS-induced HK-2 cell apoptosis and the expression of IL-1ß and TNF-α. Mechanistically, TCONS_00016233 acts as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) to prevent microRNA (miR)-22-3p-mediated downregulation of the apoptosis-inducing factor mitochondrion-associated 1 (AIFM1). Finally, overexpression of TCONS_00016233 is capable of aggravating the LPS- and cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced septic AKI by targeting the miR-22-3p/AIFM1 axis. Taken together, our data indicate that TCONS_00016233 may serve as an early diagnosis marker for the septic AKI, possibly acting as a novel therapeutic target for septic AKI.