ABSTRACT
CONTEXT AND BACKGROUND: Breast cancer is one of the most common diseases threatening the human lives globally, requiring effective and early risk analysis for which learning classifiers supported with automated feature selection offer a potential robust solution. MOTIVATION: Computer aided risk analysis of breast cancer typically works with a set of extracted mammographic features which may contain significant redundancy and noise, thereby requiring technical developments to improve runtime performance in both computational efficiency and classification accuracy. HYPOTHESIS: Use of advanced feature selection methods based on multiple diagnosis criteria may lead to improved results for mammographic risk analysis. METHODS: An approach for multi-criterion based mammographic risk analysis is proposed, by adapting the recently developed multi-label fuzzy-rough feature selection mechanism. RESULTS: A system for multi-criterion mammographic risk analysis is implemented with the aid of multi-label fuzzy-rough feature selection and its performance is positively verified experimentally, in comparison with representative popular mechanisms. CONCLUSIONS: The novel approach for mammographic risk analysis based on multiple criteria helps improve classification accuracy using selected informative features, without suffering from the redundancy caused by such complex criteria, with the implemented system demonstrating practical efficacy.
Subject(s)
Breast Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Fuzzy Logic , Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted/methods , Mammography/methods , Risk Assessment/methods , Algorithms , Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis , Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted/methods , Female , Humans , Machine LearningABSTRACT
Selenium (Se) deficiency can cause intestinal mucosal inflammation, which is related to activation of nuclear transcription factor kappa-B (NF-κB) signaling pathway. However, the mechanism of inflammatory response in chicken duodenal mucosa caused by Se deficiency and its relationship with the NF-κB signaling pathway remain elusive. In this study, we firstly obtained Se-deficient chickens bred with 0.01 mg/kg Se and the normal chickens bred with 0.4 mg/kg Se for 35 days. Then, NF-κB signaling pathway, secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA), inflammatory cytokines, oxidized glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione activities were determined. The results showed that Se deficiency obviously enhanced p50, p65, and p65 DNA-binding activities. The phosphorylation of IκB-α and phosphorylation of kappa-B kinase subunit alpha (IKKα) and IKKα were elevated, but IκB-α was decreased (P < 0.05). Moreover, Se deficiency reduced SIgA amount in the duodenal mucosa but increased the level of interleukin-1ß (IL-1ß), IL-17A, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interferon gamma (IFN-γ). In contrast, anti-inflammatory cytokines, such as TGF-ß1 and IL-10, were significantly suppressed. Additionally, Se deficiency increased oxidized glutathione activity, whereas decreased glutathione peroxidase and glutathione activities (P < 0.05), suggesting that Se deficiency affected the regulation function of redox. Taken together, our results demonstrated that Se deficiency attenuated chicken duodenal mucosal immunity via activation of NF-κB signaling pathway regulated by redox activity, which suggested that Se is a crucial host factor involved in regulating inflammation.
Subject(s)
Chickens/immunology , Chickens/metabolism , Duodenum/immunology , Immunity, Mucosal/immunology , NF-kappa B/metabolism , Selenium/deficiency , Signal Transduction , Animals , Duodenum/pathology , Glutathione/metabolism , Glutathione Peroxidase/metabolism , Male , Selenium/administration & dosage , Selenium/immunologyABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on a rat model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced mastitis and its underlying molecular mechanisms. The rat model of mastitis was induced by inoculation of LPS through the canals of the mammary gland. The results showed that LPS-induced secretion of IL-1ß and IL-8 significantly decreased after LLLT (650 nm, 2.5 mW, 30 mW/cm(2)). LLLT also inhibited intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression and attenuated the LPS-induced decrease of the expression of CD62L and increase of the expression of CD11b. Moreover, LLLT also suppressed LPS-induced polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) entering the alveoli of the mammary gland. The number of PMNs in the mammary alveolus and the myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity were decreased after LLLT. These results suggested that LLLT therapy is beneficial in decreasing the somatic cell count and improving milk nutritional quality in cows with an intramammary infection.
