A study of relationship between social support, work values and job search behavior.

The COVID-19 outbreak has put more pressure on the labor market, reducing employment opportunities and increasing graduate unemployment. Therefore, this study was undertaken to explore the relationship between social support, work values and job search behavior. The theoretical model was tested using the data collected from 560 Chinese fresh graduates (Mage = 23.45 years; standard deviation = 2.02). The participants completed questionnaires that assessed their social support, work values and job search behavior. Descriptive statistics and structural equation modeling were used for data analysis. The results indicated that social support was positively and directly associated job search behavior and work value mediated the association between social support and job search behavior. These findings will encourage future researchers to investigate the phenomena of job search behavior.

Tre2 (USP6NL) promotes colorectal cancer cell proliferation via Wnt/ß-catenin pathway.

BACKGROUND: Most colorectal cancer (CRC) patients are diagnosed at an advanced or metastatic stage with poor prognosis. Ubiquitin-specific protease 6 N-terminal-like protein (USP6NL) with high expression in CRC tissues regulates CRC cell proliferation via Wnt/ß-catenin pathway. We hypothesized that USP6NL impacts CRC growth and inhibition of USP6NL may be a novel treatment strategy to improve CRC therapy. METHODS: USP6NL level in human CRC tissues and its association with tumor growth and metastasis were examined. Its roles and potential mechanisms in regulating tumor growth were studied by genetic and pharmacological manipulation of CRC cells in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS: Herein, we found that USP6NL was up-regulated in tumorous tissues of CRC patients. Our data suggested that knockdown of USP6NL in human CRC cell lines (HCT116 and LOVO cells) inhibited cell proliferation, induced G0/G1 cell cycle arrest, and prevented the tumorigenicity of HCT116 cells in nude mice, and which was associated with the prevention of Wnt/ß-catenin pathway. On the contrary, USP6NL overexpression in human CRC cells (SW480) showed the opposite result. Our data suggested that the promoted cell proliferation, G1/S cell cycle progression, and the enhanced expression of ß-catenin Cyclin D1 and C-myc while reduced P27 induced by the overexpression of USP6NL were significantly reversed by additional treatment of XAV939, indicating that activating Wnt/ß-catenin pathway was the mechanism, by which USP6NL exerted carcinogenesis in CRC in vitro. Besides, our data suggested that knockdown of USP6NL increased the ubiquitination of ß-catenin, indicating that USP6NL may serve as a deubiquitinase that regulated ß-catenin accumulation in this process. Furthermore, 10058-F4 down-regulated USP6NL, inhibited CRC cell proliferation and induced cell cycle arrest. The result demonstrated a possible feedback loop between USP6NL, ß-catenin and C-myc in regulating CRC cell growth. CONCLUSION: USP6NL was an oncogene in CRC, and it may be a potential target for the treatment of CRC.

PLK1 as a potential prognostic marker of gastric cancer through MEK-ERK pathway on PDTX models.

BACKGROUND: PLK1 has been identified as having a great effect on cell division and maintaining genomic stability in mitosis, spindle assembly, and DNA damage response by current studies. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We assessed PLK1 expression in cervical cancer tissues and cells. We have also evaluated the effects of PLK1 on gastric cancer cell proliferation, migration, and apoptosis both in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS: Our results show that PLK1 is overexpressed in gastric cancer tissues and cells. Inhibition of PLK1 contributes cell cycle G2-phase arrest and inhibits the proliferation, migration, and apoptosis of gastric cancer (GC) cells, whereas its overexpression promotes proliferation, migration, and apoptosis in these cells. Moreover, PLK1 inhibition reduces expression of pMEK and pERK. More importantly, in vivo by analyzing tumorigenesis in patient-derived tumor xenograft (PDTX) models, the inhibition of PLK1 activity by BI6727 significantly decreased the volume and weight of the tumors compared with control group (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: Our results found that PLK1 has a significant impact on the survival of GC cells; it may become a prognostic judge, a potential therapeutic target, and a preventative biomarker of GC.

Giant mucinous adenocarcinoma of the appendix: a case report.

BACKGROUND: Appendiceal mucinous adenocarcinoma is an extremely rare disease in clinical practice. Here, we report a case of unprecedented size that occupied the entire abdomen of a man. CASE PRESENTATION: A 49-year-old Chinese Han man presented with symptoms of abdominal distension. During a computed tomography imaging examination, a cystic-solid mass that occupied his entire abdominal cavity was detected. During exploratory laparotomy, an appendiceal tumor in his abdominal-pelvic cavity measuring 27.6 × 14.2 cm was found, and he underwent tumor resection. The pathology of the tumor identified a well-differentiated appendiceal mucinous adenocarcinoma with mucin infiltrating into the soft tissue of the lump edge and omentum tissue. After surgery, our patient accepted intraperitoneal infusion chemotherapy. At present, he has had no recurrence for 15 months. CONCLUSIONS: To the best of our knowledge, the present case is the largest appendiceal mucinous adenocarcinoma reported. Surgical tumor resection is the preferred treatment for appendiceal mucinous adenocarcinoma. This is supplemented by chemotherapy which can further prolong survival.

Study on the related factors of lymph node detection number in rectal cancer patients underwent laparoscopic surgery / 中国内镜杂志

Objective To investigate the related factors of lymph node detection number in rectal cancer patients underwent laparoscopic surgery. Methods 98 patients with rectal cancer who underwent laparoscopic surgery were selected from January 2014 to January 2010. All the patients general information [gender, age, body mass index (BMI)], preoperative imaging findings and pathological data (tumor size, gross type, TNM stage, distant metastasis, histological differentiation and depth of invasion, et al), surgery related data (experience of surgeon, operation time) and preoperative radiotherapy and chemotherapy were collected. Results The age, BMI, tumor size, length of specimen, invasive depth, surgeon and preoperative radiotherapy and chemotherapy was correlated with the number of lymph nodes in patients with laparoscopic surgery (P < 0.05), but gender, TNM staging, general type, histological differentiation, operation time were not associated with the number of lymph nodes detected in minimally invasive surgery for rectal cancer (P > 0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that BMI, tumor size, length of specimen, invasive depth, surgeon and preoperative radiotherapy and chemotherapy were the independent influencing factors of lymph node detection in patients with minimally invasive rectal cancer (P < 0.05). Conclusion The factors of patients, tumor status, surgical factors and preoperative chemoradiotherapy are related to the number of lymph nodes in patients with rectal cancer.

IRF5 regulates lung macrophages M2 polarization during severe acute pancreatitis in vitro.

AIM: To investigate the role of interferon regulatory factor 5 (IRF5) in reversing polarization of lung macrophages during severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) in vitro. METHODS: A mouse SAP model was established by intraperitoneal (ip) injections of 20 µg/kg body weight caerulein. Pathological changes in the lung were observed by hematoxylin and eosin staining. Lung macrophages were isolated from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. The quantity and purity of lung macrophages were detected by fluorescence-activated cell sorting and evaluated by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). They were treated with IL-4/IRF5 specific siRNA (IRF5 siRNA) to reverse their polarization and were evaluated by detecting markers expression of M1/M2 using RT-PCR. RESULTS: SAP associated acute lung injury (ALI) was induced successfully by ip injections of caerulein, which was confirmed by histopathology. Lung macrophages expressed high levels of IRF5 as M1 phenotype during the early acute pancreatitis stages. Reduction of IRF5 expression by IRF5 siRNA reversed the action of macrophages from M1 to M2 phenotype in vitro. The expressions of M1 markers, including IRF5 (S + IRF5 siRNA vs S + PBS, 0.013 ± 0.01 vs 0.054 ± 0.047, P < 0.01), TNF-α (S + IRF5 siRNA vs S + PBS, 0.0003 ± 0.0002 vs 0.019 ± 0.018, P < 0.001), iNOS (S + IRF5 siRNA vs S + PBS, 0.0003 ± 0.0002 vs 0.026 ± 0.018, P < 0.001) and IL-12 (S + IRF5 siRNA vs S + PBS, 0.000005 ± 0.00004 vs 0.024 ± 0.016, P < 0.001), were decreased. In contrast, the expressions of M2 markers, including IL-10 (S + IRF5 siRNA vs S + PBS, 0.060 ± 0.055 vs 0.0230 ± 0.018, P < 0.01) and Arg-1 (S + IRF5 siRNA vs S + PBS, 0.910 ± 0.788 vs 0.0036 ± 0.0025, P < 0.001), were increased. IRF5 siRNA could reverse the lung macrophage polarization more effectively than IL-4. CONCLUSION: Treatment with IRF5 siRNA can reverse the pancreatitis-induced activation of lung macrophages from M1 phenotype to M2 phenotype in SAP associated with ALI.

[Soluble of Metals within TSP in Shanghai].

The dissolution of metals within aerosol particles is meaningful to evaluate the bioavailability and mobility of metals. Total suspended particles (TSP) samples were collected in Shanghai. We extracted the water soluble and acid soluble (pH = 2) metals by the mini-recirculation-leach-system and measured their concentrations by the high resolution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The dissolution kinetics were rapid, the maximum solubility of metals could be reached in a few minutes. Overall, the average water-soluble concentrations were low for Co, Cr, Cd, V and Ni, median for Cu, Pb and Mn and high for Fe, Al, Zn and Mg. Combine the soluble metal concentrations with the back trajectory, the original air mass had significant impacts on water soluble metal concentrations. The water solubility and acid solubility were different for various metals, the water solubility of Fe was the lowest (2.0%), others followed an order: Al, Cr, V, Pb, Co, Ni, Cu, Cd, Mn, Mg, Zn. The metals' solubility was increased with the decrease of the solvent pH value. While the chemical speciation of metals was the internal cause of metals' solubility, the metals' ionic potential and the water solubility was negatively correlated.

Are gastric mucosal macrophages responsible for gastric injury in acute pancreatitis?

AIM: To investigate the protective effect of clodronate-containing liposomes against severe acute pancreatitis (SAP)-triggered acute gastric mucosal injury (AGMI) in rats. METHODS: Clodronate- and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS)-containing liposomes were prepared by reverse-phase evaporation. The SAP rat model was established by injecting sodium taurocholate into the pancreatic subcapsular space. Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups: control (C), SAP plus PBS-containing liposome (P) and SAP plus clodronate-containing liposome (T). Serum tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α levels were estimated by ELISA. Pathological changes in the gastric mucosa and pancreas were observed by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining. Apoptotic cells were detected by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling staining. The numbers of macrophages in the gastric mucosa were analyzed by CD68 immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS: The liposomes had a mean diameter of 150 ± 30 nm. The TNF-α levels were significantly higher in the P group than that in the C group (2 h, 145.13 ± 11.50 vs 23.2 ± 2.03; 6 h, 245.06 ± 12.11 vs 30.28 ± 6.07, P < 0.05), and they were significantly lower in the T group than that in the P group (2 h, 93.24 ± 23.11 vs 145.13 ± 11.50; 6 h, 135.18 ± 13.10 vs 245.06 ± 12.11, P < 0.05). The pathological scores of the pancreas were lower in the T group than in the P group (2 h, 1.88 ± 0.83 vs 4.13 ± 0.83; 6 h, 2.87 ± 0.64 vs 6.25 ± 0.88, P < 0.01). The pathological scores of the gastric mucosa were also lower in the T group than in the P group (2 h, 1.12 ± 0.64 vs 2 ± 0.75; 6 h, 1.58 ± 0.53 vs 3 ± 1.31, P < 0.05). In addition, increased CD68 levels were observed in the gastric mucosa of the P group compared with the C group. Clodronate-containing liposomes decreased the CD68 levels in the mucosa of the T group. The apoptotic indexes of the gastric mucosa were higher in the T group than in the P group (2 h, 15.7 ± 0.92 vs 11.5 ± 1.64; 6 h, 21.12 ± 1.06 vs 12.6 ± 2.44, P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Gastric macrophages contribute to the pathogenesis of gastric injury in SAP. Clodronate-containing liposomes have protective effects against AGMI in rats with SAP.

Inefficient export of viral late mRNA contributes to fastidiousness of human adenovirus type 41 (HAdV-41) in 293 cells.

The human adenovirus (HAdV) early protein E1B55K interacts with E4orf6 to form an E3 ubiquitin ligase complex, which plays key roles in virus replication. To illustrate the reason for the fastidiousness of HAdV-41 in 293 cells, interaction between heterotypic E1B55K and E4orf6 proteins was investigated. HAdV-5 E1B55K could interact with HAdV-41 E4orf6, and vice versa. To form E1B55K/E4orf6 E3 ubiquitin ligase, HAdV-41 E4orf6 recruited Cul2 while HAdV-5 E4orf6 interacted with Cul5. The ligase complex formed by HAdV-5 E1B55K and HAdV-41 E4orf6 could cause the degradation of p53 and Mre11. However, in E1-deleted HAdV-41-infected 293TE7 cells, which expressed HAdV-41 E1B55K, viral late mRNAs were exported from nucleus more efficiently and accumulated to a higher concentration in cytoplasm when compared with that in infected 293 cells. These results suggested that interaction between homotypic E1B55K and E4orf6 was indispensable for efficient export of viral late mRNAs.

[Characterization of Marburg virus morphology].

Ebola virus (EBOV) and Marburg virus (MARV) belong to the family Filoviridae. Filoviruses cause severe filovirus hemorrhagic fever (FHF) in humans, with high case fatality rates, and represent potential agents for bioterrorism and biological weapons. It is necessary to keep surveillance of filoviruses, even though there is no report of their isolation and patients in China so far. To characterize MARV morphology, the Lake Victoria marburgvirus--Leiden was stained negatively and observed under a transmission electron microscope which is one of important detection methods for filoviruses in emergencies and bioterrorism. MARV showed pleomorphism, with filamentous, rod-shaped, cobra-like, spherical, and branch-shaped particles of uniform diameter but different lengths. Pleomorphism of negatively stained MARV is summarized in this article, so as to provide useful information for possible electron microscopic identification of filoviruses in China.

[Morphogenetic study of human adenovirus type 41 in 293TE cells].

To investigate the morphogenetic process of human adenovirus type 41 (HAdV-41), 293TE cells were infected with purified wild-type HAdV-41, and ultrathin sections of infected cells were prepared and observed under a transmission electron microscope. Results showed that HAdV-41 entered host cells mainly through three ways: non-clathrin-coated pit, clathrin-coated pit, and direct penetration of plasma membrane. In addition, cell microvilli might help HAdV-41 enter cells. After entering into cells, HAdV-41 virus particles could be found in vacuoles or lysosomes or be in a free state in cytoplasm. Only free virus particles could be found near nuclear pores (NP), suggesting that the virus needed to escape from lysosomes for effective infection and viral nucleoprotein entered the nucleus through NP. Progeny viruses were as-sembled in the nucleus. Three types of inclusion bodies, which were termed as fibrillous inclusion body, condense inclusion body, and stripped condense inclusion body, were involved in HAdV-41 morphogenesis. In the late phase of viral replication, the membrane integrity of the infected cells was lost and viral particles were released extracellularly. This study reveals the partial process of HAdV-41 morphogenesis and provides more biological information on HAdV-41.

Enhanced growth of recombinant human adenovirus type 41 (HAdV-41) carrying ADP gene.

Human adenovirus type 41 (HAdV-41) has the potential to be constructed as a gene transfer vector for oral vaccine or gene therapy targeting gastrointestinal tract. Block in release of progeny virus from host cell severely affects the yield during virus amplification. In this study, HAdV-5 adenovirus death protein (ADP) gene was used to replace the open reading frames (ORFs) of the HAdV-41 E3 region to construct a backbone plasmid pAdbone41ADP. Recombinant adenoviral plasmids harboring ADP and GFP genes (pAd41ADP-GFP) were generated. Plaques were formed and HAdV-41-ADP-GFP virus was rescued after transfecting pAd41ADP-GFP into the packaging cell line 293TE32. When amplified on 293TE32 cells, HAdV-41-ADP-GFP virus released to the culture medium was 10-50 times more than control virus HAdV-41-GFP, which did not carry ADP gene. The results demonstrated that incorporation of the ADP gene substantially increased the yield of recombinant HAdV-41 virus through enhancing spread of progeny virus among packaging cells.

[Characterization of fibrillous inclusion body (FIB) of human adenovirus type 41 (Ad41) using immunoelectron microscopy].

To investigate the components of fibrillous inclusion body (FIB), which was formed in packaging cells during the replication of human adenovirus type 41 (Ad41), Ad41 long fiber knob (LFK) and short fiber knob (SFK) proteins were expressed in prokaryote respectively and then used to immunize BALI mice for preparation of anti-LFK serum and anti-SFK sera. The activity and specificity of anti-LFK and an ti-SFK sera were confirmed with Western blot, indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) and immunonegative staining, suggesting these sera could be applied in immuno-colloidal gold labelling electron microscopy (EM). 293TE cells were infected with wild-type Ad41. Ultrathin sections of infected cells were made, and labelled with immuno-colloidal gold technique using anti-Ad41 sera, anti-LFK sera, anti-SFK sera, or anti-fiber monoclonal antibody 4D2, respectively. The labelled sections were observed under EM, and the results demonstrated that both Ad41 long fiber protein and short fiber protein were included FIB.

[Establishment of localization ultrathin section for cytopathic cells].

OBJECTIVE: To establish a localization ultrathin section method through which target cytopathic cells could be sectioned in situ. METHODS: Lab-Tek Chamber slide system (177402) was selected as resin embedding mould. Cells infected with Human adenovirus type 5 (Ad5) or A/HN/SWL3/ 2009 (H1N1) influenza virus were embedded in situ as models. Target cytopathic cells were exposed by trimming, sectioned and observed under transmission electron microscope (TEM). RESULTS: Target cells could be sectioned in situ and virus particles could be found easily on sections. CONCLUSION: A localization ultrathin sectioning method was established and this technique could be applied in virus detection in cytopathic cells to improve TEM detection efficiency.

[Optimization of the codon strengthened the human rotavirus VP6 antigen's serum immune responses and protective responses in mice model].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the serum immune responses and protection in mice model of the recombinant adenovirus vector mediated human rotavirus VP6 gene expression through coden optimization (rvAdVP6(o)) in comparison with the wild type (rvAdVP6). METHODS: 6-8 week female BALB/c mice were randomly grouped and immunized three times intranasally with 10(8) TCID50 rvAdVP6(o) and rvAdVP6, respectively, then detect the serum IgG level against rotavirus induced by rvAdVP6(o) and rvAdVP6. The amount of sheding viral antigens in feces was detectd after mice rotavirus was taked orally. RESULTS: The serum IgG level against rotavirus induced by rvAdVP6(o) was higher than that of rvAdVP6 after three times of immunization. The immunized mice shed lower amount of viral antigens in feces as compared with the rvAdVP6. CONCLUSION: The recombinant adenovirus which encode optimized human rotavirus VP6 proteins (rvAdVP6(o)) could induce stronger serum immune and protective responses against the challenge of the rotavirus than the wild type (rvAdVP6) at the same immunizing dosage.

Human adenovirus type 41 possesses different amount of short and long fibers in the virion.

To determine the ratio of short fiber (sfiber) to long fiber (lfiber) in human adenovirus type 41 (HAdV-41) virions, sfiber and lfiber were expressed in E. coli, quantified, and used as loading standards in Western blot. Densitometric analyses of the standard and target bands indicated that the ratio of sfiber to lfiber in virions was 5.7±0.7. Sfiber-deleted HAdV-41, HAdV-41-DSF-GFP, was constructed, and Western blot analysis showed that the amount of lfiber in HAdV-41-DSF-GFP was about 7.3±1.9 times of that in HAdV-41 virions, confirming a ratio of approximate 6 for sfiber to lfiber in HAdV-41. In HAdV-41-infected cells, mRNAs of the sfiber and lfiber were comparable in quantity, while the expression at protein level was significantly different. Our results suggested an unequal number of short and long fibers, which might result from their differential protein expression during HAdV-41 packaging. The method used here could be extended to quantify other trace proteins.

[The genetic stability of recombinant adenovirus expressing human rotavirus VP6 gene which used Ad41 as vector].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the genetic stability of non-replicating recombinant adenovirus which used Ad41 as vector and could express VP6 gene of group A rotavirus during continous passage, in order to develop the vaccine of rotavirus. METHODS: The recombinant adenovirus rvAd41-VP6 (o) was prepared by our laboratory early, it then was continuously propagated on 293TE7 cells for 14 passages. After that samples of the infected cells were collected at every 2 passages for the detection of the integration of the VP6 gene by PCR, and the expression of the target protein was detected by Western Blot analysis. RESULTS: Analysis by PCR revealed that, there was stable integration of specific VP6 gene in the rvAd41-VP6 (o), Western Blot analysis confirmed that rvAd41-VP6 (o) could stably expressed the group-specific antigen structural protein VP6 (o), and it had preferable genetic stability. CONCLUSION: The recombinant adenovirus rvAd41-VP6 (o) which could stably express the VP6 (o) gene had favorable biological property in vitro, and it has provided a basis for further research of animal immunization.

An improved HAdV-41 E1B55K-expressing 293 cell line for packaging fastidious adenovirus.

Human adenovirus type 41 (HAdV-41) is difficult to cultivate under laboratory conditions. Tripartite leader sequence (TPL) of HAdV-41 was cloned, inserted into eukaryotic expression plasmid, and used to establish a HAdV-41 E1B55K-transduced cell line (293TE7). HAdV-41 E1B55K was expressed more abundantly in 293TE7 than in 293E12, an HAdV-41 E1B55K-expressing cell line developed previously. After being infected with E1-deleted HAdV-41 vector (HAdV-41-GFP), 293TE7 synthesized more viral genomic DNA and structural proteins, which led ultimately to a significant increase of the yield of progeny viruses. Typically, 293TE7 produced progeny viruses 3-15 times more than 293E12 did, depending on the amount of seed viruses and culture time. These data demonstrated that 293TE7 was an effective packaging cell line, and implied its application for wild-type HAdV-41 isolation, HAdV-41 virological study and recombinant HAdV-41 construction.

A prime-boost vaccination strategy using attenuated Salmonella typhimurium and a replication-deficient recombinant adenovirus vector elicits protective immunity against human respiratory syncytial virus.

Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), for which no clinically approved vaccine is available yet, is globally a serious pediatric pathogen of the lower respiratory tract. Several approaches have been used to develop vaccines against RSV, but none of these have been approved for use in humans. An efficient vaccine-enhancing strategy for RSV is still urgently needed. We found previously that oral SL7207/pcDNA3.1/F and intranasal FGAd/F were able to induce an effective protective immune response against RSV. The heterologous prime-boost immunization regime has been reported recently to be an efficient vaccine-enhancing strategy. Therefore, we investigated the ability of an oral SL7207/pcDNA3.1/F prime and intranasal (i.n.) FGAd/F boost regimen to generate immune responses to RSV. The SL7207/pcDNA3.1/F prime-FGAd/F boost regimen generated stronger RSV-specific humoral and mucosal immune responses in BALB/c mice than the oral SL7207/pcDNA3.1/F regimen alone, and stronger specific cellular immune responses than the i.n. FGAd/F regimen alone. Histopathological analysis showed an increased efficacy against RSV challenge by the heterologous prime-boost regimen. These results suggest that such a heterologous prime-boost strategy can enhance the efficacy of either the SL7207 or the FGAd vector regimen in generating immune responses in BALB/c mice.