ABSTRACT
Aspirations are comprised of two major components--inspiration and ambition. Ambitions represents the ability to look ahead and invest in the future. Inspiration can be described as the ability to invest the time, energy, and effort to reach those ambitions. Variables such as how and why students spend their time illustrate the dynamics of these two components. The data in this report are based on the responses to the Aspirations Survey of 2,677 eighth- to twelfth-grade students from seven rural schools in Maine. The data suggest that many students have no understanding of why they engage in certain activities. If students are to be responsible for their education and more importantly for themselves, they must see purpose in their pursuits.
Subject(s)
Aspirations, Psychological , Personality Development , Rural Population , Adolescent , Choice Behavior , Female , Humans , Maine , Male , Motivation , Personality Inventory , Social ValuesABSTRACT
Platelet activating factor (PAF) is present in urine from humans and experimental animals in normal conditions. Very little is known about changes in PAF urinary excretion under pathologic conditions and no data are available about the origin of PAF in the urine. In the present study we explored the possibility that immunologic renal disease is associated with an increase in PAF urinary excretion using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry technique. To clarify the renal or extrarenal origin of urinary PAF we evaluated whether exogenously administered PAF (1-[1', 2'-3H]alkyl) is filtered through the glomerulus and excreted in the urine. The results show that: 1) urine from mice with lupus nephritis in the early phase of the disease contained amounts of PAF comparable to those excreted in normal mouse urine, 2) PAF levels increased when animals started to develop high grade proteinuria, 3) after intravenous injection of [3H] PAF in nephritic mice, a negligible amount of [3H] ether lipid, corresponding to [3H]1-alkyl -2-acyl-3-phosphocholine (alkyl-2-acyl-GPC), was recovered from the 24 h urine extract.
Subject(s)
Kidney/metabolism , Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/urine , Lupus Nephritis/urine , Platelet Activating Factor/urine , Animals , Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry , Mice , Mice, Mutant StrainsSubject(s)
Bronchial Diseases/drug therapy , Mezlocillin/therapeutic use , Acute Disease , Adult , Aged , Chronic Disease , Clinical Trials as Topic , Female , Humans , Male , Middle AgedABSTRACT
Arthrography of the ankle joint was first carried out by Johnson and Palmer at the Military Hospital in Stockholm in 1940. Arthrography can be used for judging the integrity of the articular cartilage, of osteochondritis dissecans, arthritis or adhesive capsulitis. The literature shows, however, that more than 95% of the patients on whom this examination has been performed had suffered from acute trauma.
