Onset times of long-lived rogue waves in an optical waveguide array.

We study the effects of increasing modulation instability and disorder on the onset times of rogue waves in waveguide arrays as described by the discrete unstable nonlinear Schrödinger equation (UNLSE). We analytically determine regions of instability, where rogue waves are likely to occur in the UNLSE, and then use numerical techniques to study the time evolution of these systems. Only for small modulation instability is the effect of fluctuations prominent on the onset times; otherwise, we find that large modulation instability dominates the onset time behavior.

[Leptospirosis with necro-haemorrhagic cholecystitis in a Boxer puppy]. / Leptospirose mit hämorrhagisch-nekrotisierender Cholezystitis bei einem Boxerwelpen.

A Boxer puppy from the island of Rügen, which was properly vaccinated according to its age, was presented with acute gastrointestinal symptoms. The presumptive diagnosis of leptospirosis with acute renal failure, hepatic damage, and jaundice was confirmed by seroconversion (increased titre to 1 : 800 in a non-vaccine serogroup 4 weeks after disease onset). Cholecystitis was diagnosed based on clinical symptoms and sonographic results. After an initial improvement, the puppy's condition deteriorated and cholecystectomy was performed. Histopathological diagnosis indicated a haemorrhagic necrotizing cholecystitis.