ABSTRACT
The crystal structures of 8-phenoxycarbonyl-1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-enium chloride, C16H21N2O2(+)·Cl(-), (I), and 8-methoxycarbonyl-1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-enium chloride monohydrate, C11H19N2O2(+)·Cl(-)·H2O, (II), recently reported by Carafa, Mesto & Quaranta [Eur. J. Org. Chem. (2011), pp. 2458-2465], are analysed and discussed with a focus on crystal interaction assembly. Both compounds crystallize in the space group P2(1)/c. The crystal packings are characterized by dimers linked through π-π stacking interactions and intermolecular nonclassical hydrogen bonds, respectively. Additional intermolecular C-H···Cl interactions [in (I) and (II)] and classical O-H···Cl hydrogen bonds [in (II)] are also evident and contribute to generating three-dimensional hydrogen-bonded networks.
ABSTRACT
Chordomas are rare and aggressive tumors derived from notochordal remnants, usually arising in the axial skeleton. The most frequently reported anatomic distribution of chordoma is 50% sacral, 35% spheno-occipital and 15% spinal. We describe the case of an elderly lady presenting with progressive dysphagia, headache and neck pain. We found an expansile mass extending from C1 to C3. While running the diagnostic plan we considered a variety of lesions possibly involving the cervical spine. Biopsy revealed the mass was a chordoma.
Subject(s)
Caspases/drug effects , Jurkat Cells/drug effects , Mitochondria/drug effects , Quassins/pharmacology , Ailanthus/chemistry , Apoptosis/drug effects , Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins , Caspase 3 , Caspases/metabolism , Cell Line, Tumor , Enzyme Activation/drug effects , Humans , Membrane Glycoproteins/pharmacology , Membrane Potentials/drug effects , Membrane Potentials/physiology , Mitochondria/metabolism , Quassins/isolation & purification , Recombinant Proteins/pharmacology , TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand , Time Factors , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/pharmacologyABSTRACT
We studied 145 children with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) in remission who had been off chemotherapy for at least 2 years, to assess the prevalence of hepatitis delta virus (HDV) infection, and to determine whether HDV infection was associated with more severe chronic liver disease. The prevalence of chronic HBV infection was 41.5% (60/145). The prevalence of HDV infection among these patients with chronic HBV infection was 50% (30/60). Eighty-five patients were HBsAg-negative. There was evidence that HDV-infected children had more severe chronic liver disease than did HBsAg-positive, anti-HDV-negative patients: (1) their serum ALT levels were significantly more likely to be elevated at long-term follow-up (27/30 vs. 10/26, p = 0.0001); (2) their mean ALT levels were significantly higher 3 years after the cessation of chemotherapy (128 vs. 84 IU/L, p = 0.001); and (3) they were more likely to have either chronic acute hepatitis or cirrhosis when liver biopsy was done (18/23 vs. 6/18, p = 0.0038). Children who were HBsAg-negative had the lowest alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels and were least likely to have chronic active hepatitis or cirrhosis (3/31). We conclude that infection with HDV in children with ALL is associated with serious chronic liver disease. In long-term survivors, HDV infection is a major cause of morbidity and an adverse prognostic factor in terms of leukemia-free survival.
