Efficiency and key functional genera responsible for simultaneous methanation and bioelectricity generation within a continuous stirred microbial electrolysis cell (CSMEC) treating food waste.

This study reveals the efficient treatment of high strength food waste under varying hydraulic retention times (48 h, 36 h and 24 h) in a continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) integrated with microbial electrolysis cell (MEC) to become a continuous stirred microbial electrolysis cell (CSMEC). COD removal efficiency in the CSMEC surpassed 92% with OLR ranging from 0.4 to 21.31 kg COD/m3·d compared to that of the CSTR. The maximum current density (based on the cathode surface area) was 1125.35 ± 81 mA/m2 in the CSMEC. Biogas yield and methane production rates increased by 16.5% and 19.3% in the CSMEC respectively compared to the CSTR. CSMEC was 1.52 times better in performance compared to the CSTR. Firmicutes, Synergistetes, Bacteroidetes, Thermotogae, Chloroflexi and Proteobacteria were the dominant phyla associated with both CSMEC and CSTR. Archaeal microbial community analysis showed Methanosaeta, Methanobacterium, Methanosarcina and Methanocorpusculum as the dominant populations associated with the CSMEC.

Electrical current generation from a continuous flow macrophyte biocathode sediment microbial fuel cell (mSMFC) during the degradation of pollutants in urban river sediment.

A new type of sediment microbial fuel cell (SMFC) with floating macrophyte Limnobium laevigatum, Pistia stratiotes, or Lemna minor L. biocathode was constructed and assessed in three phases at different hydraulic retention time (HRT) for electrical current generation during the degradation of urban river sediment. The results showed a highest voltage output of 0.88 ± 0.1 V, maximum power density of 80.22 mW m-3, highest columbic efficiency of 15.3%, normalized energy recovery of 0.030 kWh m-3, and normalized energy production of 0.005 kWh m-3 in the Lemna minor L. SMFC during phase 3 at HRT of 48 h, respectively. Highest removal efficiencies of total chemical oxygen demand of 80%, nitrite of 99%, ammonia of 93%, and phosphorus of 94% were achieved in Lemna minor L. system, and 99% of nitrate removal and 99% of sulfate removal were achieved in Pistia stratiotes and Limnobium laevigatum system during the SMFC operation, respectively. Pistia stratiotes exhibited the highest growth in terms of biomass and tap root system of 29.35 g and 12.2 cm to produce the maximum dissolved oxygen of 16.85 ± 0.2 mg L-1 compared with other macrophytes. The predominant bacterial phylum Proteobacteria of 62.86% and genus Exiguobacterium of 17.48% were identified in Limnobium laevigatum system, while the class Gammaproteobacteria of 28.77% was observed in the control SMFC. The integration of technologies with the continuous flow operation shows promising prospect in the remediation of polluted urban river sediments along with the generation of electrical current.

Enhanced bioremediation of heavy metals and bioelectricity generation in a macrophyte-integrated cathode sediment microbial fuel cell (mSMFC).

Sediment microbial fuel cell (SMFC) and constructed wetlands with macrophytes have been independently employed for the removal of heavy metals from polluted aquatic ecosystems. Nonetheless, the coupling of macrophytes at the cathode of SMFCs for efficient and synchronous heavy metal removal and bioelectricity generation from polluted river sediment has not been fully explored. Therefore, a novel macrophyte biocathode SMFC (mSMFC) was proposed, developed, and evaluated for heavy metals/organics removal as well as bioelectricity generation in an urban polluted river. With macrophyte-integrated cathode, higher heavy metal removals of Pb 99.58%, Cd 98.46%, Hg 95.78%, Cr 92.60%, As 89.18%, and Zn 82.28% from the sediments were exhibited after 120 days' operation. Total chemical oxygen demand, total suspended solids, and loss on ignition reached 73.27%, 44.42 ± 4.4%, and 5.87 ± 0.4%, respectively. A maximum voltage output of 0.353 V, power density of 74.16 mW/m3, columbic efficiency of 19.1%, normalized energy recovery of 0.028 kWh/m3, and net energy production of 0.015 kWh/m3 were observed in the Lemna minor L. SMFC. Heavy metal and organic removal pathways included electrochemical reduction, precipitation and recovery, bioaccumulation by macrophyte from the surface water, and bioelectrochemical reduction in the sediment. This study established that mSMFC proved as an efficient system for the remediation of heavy metals Pb, Cd, Hg, Cr, As, and Zn, and TCOD in polluted rivers along with bioelectricity generation.

Modeling the performance of Single-stage Nitrogen removal using Anammox and Partial nitritation (SNAP) process with backpropagation neural network and response surface methodology.

Two novel feedforward backpropagation Artificial Neural Networks (ANN)-based-models (8:NH:1 and 7:NH:1) combined with Box-Behnken design of experiments methodology was proposed and developed to model NH4+ and Total Nitrogen (TN) removal within an upflow-sludge-bed (USB) reactor treating nitrogen-rich wastewater via Single-stage Nitrogen removal using Anammox and Partial nitritation (SNAP) process. ANN were developed by optimizing network architecture parameters via response surface methodology. Based on the goodness-of-fit standards, the proposed three-layered NH4+ and TN removal ANN-based-models trained with Levenberg-Marquardt-algorithm demonstrated high-performance as computations exhibited smaller deviations-(±2.1%) as well as satisfactory coefficient of determination (R2), fractional variance-(FV), and index of agreement-(IA) ranging 0.989-0.997, 0.003-0.031 and 0.993-0.998, respectively. The computational results affirmed that the ANN architecture which was optimized with response surface methodology enhanced the efficiency of the ANN-based-models. Furthermore, the overall performance of the developed ANN-based models revealed that modeling intricate biological systems (such as SNAP) using ANN-based models with the view to improve removal efficiencies, establish process control strategies and optimize performance is highly feasible. Microbial community analysis conducted with 16S rRNA high-throughput approach revealed that Candidatus Kuenenia was the most pronounced genera which accounted for 13.11% followed by Nitrosomonas-(6.23%) and Proteocatella-(3.1%), an indication that nitrogen removal pathway within the USB was mainly via partial-nitritation/anammox process.

Pollutant removal and bioelectricity generation from urban river sediment using a macrophyte cathode sediment microbial fuel cell (mSMFC).

Sediment microbial fuel cell (SMFC) efficacy depends highly on organic matter flux and dissolved oxygen (DO) at the anode and cathode, respectively. However, utilizing floating-macrophyte for elevated DO supply at the cathode has not been fully explored. Therefore, a novel floating-macrophyte implanted biocathode single-chamber SMFC (mSMFC) was developed for the simultaneous removal of pollutant and bioelectricity generation from polluted urban river sediment. With Lemna minor L. employed in mSMFC, high pollutant removal was feasible as opposed to the control bioreactor. Total COD, nitrate and sulfate removal reached 57%, 99%, and 99%, respectively. Maximum voltage output, power density, columbic efficiency, normalized energy recovery, and net energy production observed was 0.56 ±â€¯0.26 V, 86.06 mW m-3, 24.7%, 0.033 kWh m-3 and 0.020 kWh m-3, respectively. Alternatively, when floating-macrophyte (predominantly Pistia stratiotes) was employed in the catholyte, DO increased significantly to about 10 mg L-1 in the mSMFC. 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed Euryarchaeota-(90.91%) and Proteobacteria-(59.68%) as the dominant phyla affiliated to archaea and bacteria, respectively. Pollutant removal mechanisms observed within the mSMFC included bioelectrochemical oxidation at the anode and reduction reaction and macrophyte hyperaccumulation at the cathode. The novel mSMFC system provided an effective approach for the removal of pollutant and bioelectricity generation.