Neutrophil heterogeneity and aging: implications for COVID-19 and wound healing.

Neutrophils play a critical role in the immune response to infection and tissue injury. However, recent studies have shown that neutrophils are a heterogeneous population with distinct subtypes that differ in their functional properties. Moreover, aging can alter neutrophil function and exacerbate immune dysregulation. In this review, we discuss the concept of neutrophil heterogeneity and how it may be affected by aging. We then examine the implications of neutrophil heterogeneity and aging for COVID-19 pathogenesis and wound healing. Specifically, we summarize the evidence for neutrophil involvement in COVID-19 and the potential mechanisms underlying neutrophil recruitment and activation in this disease. We also review the literature on the role of neutrophils in the wound healing process and how aging and neutrophil heterogeneity may impact wound healing outcomes. Finally, we discuss the potential for neutrophil-targeted therapies to improve clinical outcomes in COVID-19 and wound healing.

Tetranuclear CuII Cluster as the Ten Node Building Unit for the Construction of a Metal-Organic Framework for Efficient C2 H2 /CO2 Separation.

Rational design of high nuclear copper cluster-based metal-organic frameworks has not been established yet. Herein, we report a novel MOF (FJU-112) with the ten-connected tetranuclear copper cluster [Cu4 (PO3 )2 (µ2 -H2 O)2 (CO2 )4 ] as the node which was capped by the deprotonated organic ligand of H4 L (3,5-Dicarboxyphenylphosphonic acid). With BPE (1,2-Bis(4-pyridyl)ethane) as the pore partitioner, the pore spaces in the structure of FJU-112 were divided into several smaller cages and smaller windows for efficient gas adsorption and separation. FJU-112 exhibits a high separation performance for the C2 H2 /CO2 separation, which were established by the temperature-dependent sorption isotherms and further confirmed by the lab-scale dynamic breakthrough experiments. The grand canonical Monte Carlo simulations (GCMC) studies show that its high C2 H2 /CO2 separation performance is contributed to the strong π-complexation interactions between the C2 H2 molecules and framework pore surfaces, leading to its more C2 H2 uptakes over CO2 molecules.

Classical Dichotomy of Macrophages and Alternative Activation Models Proposed with Technological Progress.

Macrophages are important immune cells that participate in the regulation of inflammation in implant dentistry, and their activation/polarization state is considered to be the basis for their functions. The classic dichotomy activation model is commonly accepted, however, due to the discovery of macrophage heterogeneity and more functional and iconic exploration at different technologies; some studies have discovered the shortcomings of the dichotomy model and have put forward the concept of alternative activation models through the application of advanced technologies such as cytometry by time-of-flight (CyTOF), single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq), and hyperspectral image (HSI). These alternative models have great potential to help macrophages divide phenotypes and functional genes.

Solvent-Assisted Modification to Enhance Proton Conductivity and Water Stability in Metal Phosphonates.

Although proton-conductive metal phosphonates with well-defined structure offer a favorable platform for exploring their structure-property relationship, investigating of the synergic effect of phosphonate groups and functional moieties on proton conduction is rare. In this work, we have synthesized two new copper phosphonates, [Cu(4-cppH)(4,4'-bipy)(H2O)3] (FJU-80) and [Cu(4-cppH)(4,4'-bipy)]·H2O·DMF (FJU-81), by the method of solvent-assisted modification, giving a 1D metal coordination polymer and a 3D metal open framework, respectively. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction shows that FJU-80 is full of hydrogen-bonding sites contributed from the improved synergic effect of phosphonate groups, carboxylate groups, and coordinated water molecules, thereby facilitating continuous hydrogen-bonding networks, whereas FJU-81 only has discrete hydrogen-bonding fragments. Powder X-ray diffraction and impedance analyses confirm that FJU-80 possesses higher water stability as well as improved proton conductivity, indicating that solvent-assisted modification is effective in increasing the hydrogen-bonding sites from phosphonate groups and functional moieties and then realizing facile proton transfer.